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Incorporating optimisation technique into Zadeh’s extension principle for computing non-monotone functions with fuzzy variable
No full textThis paper proposes a new computational method for computing non-monotone functions that take a fuzzy interval as their arguments. The proposed method represents an implementation of optimisation technique into Zadeh’s extension principle. By taking into account the dependency problem that exists in fuzzy environment, the proposed method can avoid the effect of overestimation in computation. This problem usually arises when the same fuzzy interval is computed separately in fuzzy interval computation. The proposed method is simple to use and can be implemented in many practical applications. In order to show the capability of the proposed method, several non-monotone functions with trapezoidal fuzzy intervals are studied
Conductivity and structural studies of plasticized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) – lithium triflate polymer electrolyte Films
No full textThe effect of different plasticizers on the properties of PAN–LiCF3SO3 polymer electrolytes has been studied. Propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) having different values of donor numbers, dielectric constant and viscosity have been used as plasticizers. The highest room temperature conductivity for the film in the PAN–LiCF3SO3 system was 3.04 × 10-4 S cm-1. The highest room temperature conductivity for the films in the PAN–EC–LiCF3SO3 system and the PAN–PC–LiCF3SO3 system was 1.32 × 10-3 and 8.64 × 10-4 S cm-1. The addition of plasticizers has been found to enhance the conductivity of polymer electrolytes by increasing the amorphous content as well as by dissociating the ion aggregates present in polymer electrolyte. Conductivity temperature-dependence studies of these plasticized PAN-salt systems were carried out in the temperature range of 303 to 373 K. The conductivity versus temperature plots obeyed an Arrhenius type variation. The structural and complex formations were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
Faktor penentu dan implikasi fenomena depopulasi komuniti Pulau Kecil di sekitar Mersing
No full textCommunity depopulation issue in Mersing is not a new phenomenon. However the root and the implication of the problems have not been given enough consideration. This paper draws attention to the seriousness of depopulation problem plaguing small islands around Mersing. An attempt to identify the underlying factors contributing to the problem, as well implications of the process of depopulation will be made. Strategic measures to overcome the above problem toward helping local authorities to develop those islands will be suggeste
Progress in legislating domestic violence and gender based violence in Timor-Leste
No full textThe present situation in Timor Leste can only be understood in the historical and cultural context of prior political subjugations. Gender violence is a domestic and community reality in Timor-Leste. It existed in Portuguese colonial times, during the invading Japanese occupation in 1942, during the revolution of 1974, in the 24-year of occupation by Indonesia, which left 180,000 dead and 40% of women and girls as survivors of rape or sexual assault, and since 1999 post-conflict until Independence. Further violence since independence occurred in Dili, the capital, in 2002, 2005, and intensively in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Today,
new engines for DV (Domestic Violence) and SGBV (Sexual and Gender-Based Violence ) have replaced the previous subjugations of colonialism and military occupations. This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the DV and SGBV outstanding issues, challenges, development and prospects. For the world’s newest nation, much progress has been made in legislation promulgated since the restoration of independence in 2002. Now the need is for these various platforms of action to be pervasively socialised with all the citizens of Timor-Leste and for sustainable funding to be made available to achieve these goal. Despite these
problems Timorese women have been granted legal empowerment and so been given hope for a better life
Pemetaan neraca dan valuasi ekonomi sumber daya pulau kecil (Mapping the balance and economic valuation of a small island’s natural resources – The case of the Dewakang Besar, Indonesia)
No full textKajian ini menggunakan citra penderiaan jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografi (GIS) bagi mengira nilai ekonomi sumber daya suatu pulau kecil dengan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip ekonomi. Citra dan GIS digunakan bagi menganalisis dan menampilkan secara keruangan nilai. Nilai ekonomi ekosistem pulau kecil diperolehi daripada Citra Landsat dan ALOS di mana ianya mempunyai perbezaan masa yang panjang. Masing-masing citra kemudian dikelaskan. Selanjutnya, hasil klasifikasi tersebut dikonversi dalam format shapefile dan diolah dengan menggunakan program GIS bagi menghasilkan peta perubahan atau neraca. Nilai ekonomi sumberdaya alam pulau kecil diperolehi dari kajian atau survei valuasi ekonomi, termasuknya nilai ekonomi daratan dan lautan. Nilai-nilai ekonomi dihubungkan dengan peta neraca
sehingga menjadi peta nilai ekonomi pulau kecil. Peta ini sangat berguna bagi pemerintah kerana tidak hanya menampilkan nilai ekonomi akan tetapi ianya juga berfungsi sebagai alat bantu pembuat keputusa
Self-evaluation in problem-based learning
No full textProblem-based learning (PBL) was introduced to the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), in 1987. Since then, it has been improved and has become one of the faculty’s main teaching and learning methodologies. Self-evaluation is one of the most important elements in PBL. Through self-evaluation, one is able to appraise one’s own performance in terms of strengths and identify areas for improvement. However, developing the self-evaluation skill is difficult, and there are many factors that contribute to it. This study was designed to assess the self-evaluation skill and its contributory factors among 105 first-year UKM medical students. The level of self-evaluation skill was measured by mean marks discrepancies between the final marks given by students in their self-evaluation forms and those given by facilitators in their student evaluations over four modules in the first year. Students’ perceptions of their self-evaluation skills were obtained via self-administered questionnaires. Results from this study revealed that female students have better self-evaluation skill (69%) than male students (62%), although female students tend to significantly underrate their performance while males overrate theirs. Furthermore, self-evaluation skill improves with time. In conclusion, female students are better than male students at self-evaluation
Effect of synthesis condition on the growth of SWCNTs via catalytic chemical vapor deposition
No full textSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) of ethanol (C2H5OH) over Fe-Mo-MgO catalyst by using argon as a carrier gas. The reaction conditions are important factors that influence the yield and quality of carbon nanotubes. The effects of temperature and flow rate of carrier gas were investigated to increase the yield of carbon nanotubes. The synthesized carbon nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The results showed that the growth of carbon nanotubes wass effectively influenced by the reaction ambience and the synthesis condition. The temperature and flow rate of carrier gas played a key role in the yield and quality of synthesized CNTs. The estimated yield of synthesized carbon nanotubes was almost over 70%
Nano Transition Metal Sulfide Catalyst for Solvolysis Liquefaction Soda Lignin
No full textSolvolysis liquefaction of soda lignin in the presence of various transition metal sulfide catalysts was studied to investigate the catalyst effects on the oil and gas yields, conversion rate and higher heating value (HHV) of oil. Nanosized copper sulfide, iron sulfide and molybdenum sulfide were successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method under reaction temperature 200°C for 90 min. The addition of transition metal sulfide based catalysts (CuS, MoS2 and FeS2) enhanced both production of the oils and gas and the higher heating value (HHV) of oil products. A high oil and gas yields of 82.1% and 2890 cm3 was obtained with MoS2 at 250°C for 60 min. Elemental analyses for the oils revealed that the liquid products have much higher heating values than the crude soda lignin powder
Structural, optical and electrical properties of fluorine doped tin oxide thin films deposited using inkjet printing technique
No full textThis paper reports on structural, optical transmittance and electrical properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films deposited using an inkjet printer. The FTO ink was synthesized from a mixture of tin chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4.5H2O) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) solutions. The thin films were deposited on glass substrates at ambient temperature or heated at 40oC and 60oC. The surface electronic state and the elemental composition of the thin films were analyzed using XPS spectroscopy. The spectra of the FTO thin films revealed that tin, oxygen, fluoride and carbon were present in the samples. The signals corresponding to Sn 3d5/2, O1s, and F1s were found at 486.6 eV, 530.5 eV and 684.5 eV, respectively. XRD analysis showed that the FTO films were in the form of crystalline with cassiterite shape. The optical and electrical properties of the films were affected by the deposition temperatures. It was observed the film deposited at 40oC has the optimum optical transmittance and sheet resistivity which were 91%T and 16 Ω/, respectively
Teknik pengajaran kemahiran bertutur Bahasa Arab di SMKA di Malaysia
No full textKurikulum bahasa meletakkan kemahiran bertutur sebagai komponen penting.Penguasaan kemahiran ini adalah satu aspek penting yang menentukan kejayaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa kedua atau bahasa asing. Ia berperanan sebagai penanda aras (benchmark) kejayaan penguasaan sesuatu bahasa. Kajian eksplorasi ini dapat meneroka teknik pengajaran kemahiran bertutur yang menjadi amalan guru bahasa Arab di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama (SMKA) di Malaysia. Ia bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti teknik yang kerap dilakukan oleh guru dan memastikan adakah teknik
yang menjadi amalan guru menyokong pendekatan komunikatif yang menjadi asas pembinaan Kurikulum Bahasa Arab (KBA). Kajian ini menggunakan dua set soal selidik sebagai instrumen kajian yang melibatkan 73 orang guru SMKA yang melaksanakan kurikulum bahasa Arab dan 1371 orang pelajar dari 16 buah SMKA yang dibahagikan mengikut empat zon. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan guru lebih banyak menggunakan
teknik pengajaran yang memerlukan respon terus dan ringkas seperti penggunaan teknik soal jawab dan teknik dengar tutur. Manakala teknik-teknik lain kurang dilakukan oleh
guru seperti teknik gantian, penukaran, berteriak, latihan pengembangan, latihan betul salah, latihan lanjutan, lakonan dan karangan berangkap. Penggunaan teknik yang
memerlukan respon ringkas dan terus menghadkan peluang pelajar berkomunikasi dan secara tidak langsung berperanan sebagai penghalang proses mengfungsikan bahasa untuk komunikasi. Aspek dorongan dan peluang berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa yang dipelajari adalah prinsip utama pengajaran kemahiran bertutur berasaskan kepada
pendekatan komunikatif. Keadaan ini menunjukkan pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Malaysia tidak menepati ciri pengajaran komunikatif seperti yang dimuatkan
dalam KBA