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No full texthttps://scholarexchange.furman.edu/periphery-kharbintsy1/1019/thumbnail.jp
The Effects of the Combination of Glyphosate Potassium Salt and Ammonium Sulfate on Staurastrum sp
No full textAcross the country, farms commonly use glyphosate potassium salt-based herbicides to eliminate weeds. While glyphosate potassium salt is typically very effective, some weeds can become resistant to glyphosate potassium salt and require the addition of ammonium sulfate to be eliminated. The addition of ammonium sulfate aids the glyphosate potassium salt in breaking down the cell membranes of weeds. While these herbicides are incredibly effective when eliminating weeds, they can also break down nontarget organisms like algae. While the effects of glyphosate potassium salt on algae has been studied, the effects of glyphosate potassium salt combined with ammonium sulfate on algae has not been studied. It was hypothesized that the addition of ammonium sulfate would decrease the reproduction rate of Staurastrum sp, a North American algae strain. To test this, 7 groups of 10 trials were each exposed to various levels of glyphosate potassium salt and ammonium sulfate and were analyzed for their reproduction rates. One group was exposed to neither glyphosate potassium salt nor ammonium sulfate, one group was exposed to solely glyphosate potassium salt, and the rest of the groups were exposed to a constant amount of glyphosate potassium salt and various concentrations of ammonium sulfate. A one-way ANOVA test was run to test the significance of the results. The results of the ANOVA test (F(5, 54)=2.37, p=0.000473) support the hypothesis that the addition of ammonium sulfate to Staurastrum sp, when introduced to glyphosate potassium salt, decreases the growth of Staurastrum sp, although the Tukey post-hoc test determined the differences between groups were not significant
The effect of sodium hydroxide on the removal time of fatbergs in a model environment.
No full textFatbergs or FOG (fat, oil, and grease) deposits are a recently realized threat to sewer systems. Fatbergs form from FOG and unflushable materials such as wet wipes sticking to the walls of concrete sewer pipes and building up over time. If left untreated or unchecked, these masses can grow to immense proportions, with some of the largest ones being found in London such as the rather famous Whitechapel fatberg, which weighed 130 metric tons and stretched more than 250 meters long. The current methods employed to remove these fatbergs, however, are extremely slow and expensive, consisting of either high-pressure water or sheer manpower. There is a lack of improvement in techniques/methods of removal, while there is sufficent research going into disposing of FOG waste. This culmitated in the gap this research aims to fill, being the use of sodium hydroxide on a fatberg to speed up removal. It was hypothesized that the sodium hydroxide would have a significant effect on the time required for the removal of the fatberg, and the results indicated a 95.85% decrease in the time needed for removal. In conclusion, sodium hydroxide has a rather noticeable effect on the removal of fatbergs