Minnesota State University, Mankato
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Localization and Quantification of ATPase, Ca2+ Transporting, Plasma Membrane 2 (Atp2b2) in the Developing Euthyroid and Hypothyroid Cochlea
No full textThyroid hormone (TH) is essential for auditory system development. Proper auditory function requires remodeling and transformation of cochlear structures during a critical developmental period. In rodent models, low TH during this timeframe delays remodeling and impacts ion channel function required for hearing to occur. TH receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate expression of genes. Considering this, auditory deficits observed in hypothyroidism are thought to be largely the result of altered expression of specific TH receptor target genes. TH is reported to impact calcium signaling in several tissues, but whether regulators of calcium signaling are altered following developmental hypothyroidism is largely unexplored. In this report, we investigated the spatial and temporal expression of the Atp2b2 gene in a mouse model of developmental hypothyroidism. Timed-pregnant dams were treated with thyroid gland inhibitors to induce developmental TH insufficiency from embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) through post-natal day 15 (P15). Untreated timed-pregnant dams served as euthyroid control. Control and experimental cochleae were collected over a developmental period from embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) through P15. In a parallel study, P2 pups were injected with either saline or T3 and sacrificed 8 hours post-injection to observe the effects of acute T3 action on Atp2b2 expression. Cochleae were then processed to detect Atp2b2 mRNA by in situ hybridization or quantitative real-time PCR. Select cochleae were also processed to detect Atp2b2 protein (PMCA2) through immunofluorescence. In situ hybridization localized Atp2b2 mRNA to inner hair cells, outer hair cells, and spiral ganglion neurons as expected. However, Atp2b2 was also observed at lower levels in the greater epithelial ridge. Quantification of Atp2b2 mRNA by qRT-PCR revealed an effect of post-natal age and treatment on expression. In euthyroid animals, Atp2b2 expression gradually increased until P10, then decreased by P15. In hypothyroid animals, Atp2b2 mRNA was significantly decreased from P5 through P10 compared to euthyroid control. Atp2b2 mRNA expression was significantly increased in T3-injected mice compared to saline-injected mice. Immunofluorescence showed the presence of PMCA2 in the stereocilia of the outer hair cells and greater epithelial ridge. The reduction in Atp2b2 mRNA expression in the hypothyroid mice suggests that Atp2b2 is developmentally regulated, in part, by thyroid hormone signaling. This study characterizes the relationship between TH and Atp2b2 expression during early cochlear development while providing insight into abnormal cochlear development due to hypothyroidism
Intelligent Traffic Management Systems
Get PDFWith the increase in population and in particular urban population. The traffic and travel times in between cities and inside cities has increased due to more and more people using private means of transportation. Due to this need arose for tackling the increase in traffic by managing it using various means. For this we look towards The Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS). ITMS is an AI-powered solution designed to optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and improve overall road safety. The system will monitor real-time traffic data using a combination of cameras and sensors, identify traffic jams, and send alerts to traffic authorities and police officers. This paper reviews the key components of ITMS. Which includes traffic flow prediction, image classification and incident or accident detection through cameras, sensors, and inductive loop detectors. Comparison and evaluation metrics of different algorithms and models are presented. Tables show the accuracy rates and best features of various techniques. After that future work is presented in which a framework is presented to write and combine the best practices of each component together to create a useful ITMS. Which can be used in future smart cities, big urban centers and could also be used as a guide. Keywords: Intelligent Traffic management systems, inductive loop detectors, optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion
Effects of Short-term Rentals on Neighborhoods: Crime, Economic Development, and City Ordinances in Rochester, Minnesota
Get PDFThe concept of online-based peer-to-peer (P2P) short-term rental (STR) lodging, such as Airbnb and Vrbo, is still a relatively recent phenomenon that has experienced rapid growth in the past decade. Due to the rapid growth of STRs, many areas of this phenomenon have been left relatively unexplored, such as the relationship between STRs and neighborhood crime. The association between neighborhood crime and STRs is attributed to the negative spotlight in the news, causing STRs to develop a negative connotation due to their perceived impacts on neighborhoods. Due to that connotation, it is believed that STRs contribute to neighborhood crime because they cause a revolving door of temporary residents, which alters the social dynamics of neighborhoods. This, in turn, affects the formation of relationships among neighbors and leaves properties without proper guardians. Additionally, due to the rapid growth of STRs in the past decade, many cities have been left without the proper regulations and ordinances in place to regulate STRs. This has caused cities to play catch-up with the implementation of regulations and ordinances. Initial studies analyzing these phenomena have primarily taken place in large and touristic cities in both the United States and abroad. Therefore, to fill the gaps left by the initial studies, this study examines the relationship between neighborhood crime and STRs, as well as the city ordinance that regulates STRs in the medium-sized city of Rochester, Minnesota, home and birthplace of world-famous Mayo Clinic. To address these issues, multiple complimentary spatial statistical analysis techniques were applied including, Average Nearest Neighbor Analysis, Hot Spot Analysis (Getis Ord Gi*), Kernel Density, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), Spatial Interpolation Analysis, Colocation Analysis, and Time Trend Analysis in ArcGIS Pro 3.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results indicate that the overall relationship between STRs and neighborhood crime in the city of Rochester, Minnesota, is relatively weak, but upon closer examination, the relationship strengthens in the areas of the downtown and Destination Medical Center Economic Zone (DMC), which is something that should be monitored as more investment in the area occurs over time. Time trend analysis identified that the city ordinance enacted in 2021 has a limited impact on minimizing the spread of STRs throughout the city
Emergent Literacy - Concepts of Print and Phonemic Awareness
Get PDFThis is an excerpt from my book, Johnson, A. (2016). 10 essential instructional elements for students with reading difficulties: A brain-friendly approach. Corwin.
The first part of this chapter provides a sense of what effective literacy instruction might look like at the preschool and kindergarten (emergent) levels. The second part of this chapter describes strategies for developing phonemic awareness
A New Conceptualization Model Explaining Incivility Etiology in Undergraduate Nursing Students
No full textInciviliy in undergraduate nursing programs has been exemplified since the onset of the global pandemic. The nursing profession relies strongly on teamwork and unity. Incivility impedes learning and negatively impacts the teaching and learning environment for both students and faculty. Student civility and conduct behaviors are established prior to enterance into undergraduate nursing programs. To promote a community of professionalismm, current beliefs about incivility must be address and mitigated early in nursing programs to uphold standards and expectations. There is little tolerance for incivility in professional nursing practice, necessitating the importance of undertanding the root causes of nursing student behaviors before effective interactions can be implemented.
Aim: To Provide a globally accepted conceptualized model to undergraduate nursing faculty that provides insight into the causative factors of incivility in nursing programs.
Method: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine the prevalence of models that explains causative factors on uncivil actions by undergraduate nursing students. To date, no model exists that accounts for the biological, psychological, and sociological factors that impacts civil behavior in the classroom.
Results: Causes of incivility has influences in the biological, psychological, and sociological domains, and each must be considered as it relates to the whole person, because external experiences impact internal (i.e., classroom) behaviors. The Conceptualization Model of Incivility Etiology in Undergraduate Nursing Students was created to expalin causitive factors of incivility in undergraduate nursing students. The model\u27s foundational concepts derive from Bandura\u27s Social Cognitive Theory and Clark\u27s Civility Index.
Conclusions: For the first time a holistic account of biological, psychosocial, and sociological causes of incivility has been identified. Non-academic influences are now accounted for when understanding causes of uncivil behavior in undergraduate nursing students. Now that causes of incivility are understood within this contect, faculty will be able to implement interventions to mitigate incivility more effectively
The Inclusive Engineering Mindset: A Vision for Change in Undergraduate Engineering and Engineering Technology Education
No full textFebruary 2024 Library & Learning Newsletter
Get PDFPDF version of the February 2024 (Volume 2, Issue 7) Library & Learning Newsletter
Illness Politics and Hashtag Activism [book review]
Get PDFLisa Diedrich discusses the use of social media and hashtags in disability activism. She examines both how social media can help and hinder disability advocacy efforts
Fall 2024 Library Newsletter
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