Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training
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Study of Job Creation and Support for Baby Boomers
No full text본 연구는 우리 사회의 중심축으로 활약하여 왔던 베이비붐 세대의 은퇴가 본격적으로 시작됨에 따라 이들의 은퇴가 우리 사회에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가에 대한 문제의식에서 시작되었다. 특히 베이비붐 세대가 그들이 이제껏 쌓은 사회적 지식과 노동경험을 은퇴 이후 어떠한 일자리에서 발휘할 수 있을 것인가 하는 문제는 베이비붐 세대의 생계 유지 뿐만 아니라 사회와 소통하는 기제로서 매우 중요하다.
그러나 베이비붐 세대가 지닌 각종 경험 및 자산을 공공성과 결합하여 이들의 새로운 출발을 지원할 수 있는 종합적인 대책이 아직 부족한 실정이며, 따라서 본 연구에서는 베이비붐 세대가 진출할 수 있는 제3섹터(사회적 기업, 커뮤니티 비즈니스, 사회적 공헌 일자리 등)에서의 일자리에 특히 주목하였다.
이를 위하여 베이비붐 세대의 특징과 요구를 분석하고, 현재 시행되고 있는 일자리와 취업지원 서비스 관련 대책의 실태와 문제점을 분석하였다. 또한 문헌분석, 데이터 분석, 외국 사례 분석 및 FGI를 통하여 베이비붐 세대의 일자리에 대한 요구와 전망을 분석하였다.
○ 주요내용
- 베이비붐 세대의 주요 특징
- 베이비붐 세대의 일자리 정책과 현장 사례
- 외국의 베이비붐 세대 현황 및 지원 방안
- 일자리 정책 방향과 제언1. Overview
Recently, it is discussed how much the social and economical impact of baby boomers' retirement would be. Baby boomers, who are born in 1955～1963, comprise approximately 14.6%(712 millions) of general population and have been played a key role for our economic development. Moreover, they experienced not only rapid economic growth, but also Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 and Global Finance crisis in 2008.
Their retirement from labour market would be critical event to both baby boomers and society. Especially, job for baby boomers is important, because it means a communication tool with a society as well as a way of livelihood. Some governmental policies for baby boomers are founded recently with the Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Health & Welfare, but the comprehensive policy that make baby boomers' social experience and knowhow combine with publicity and support the new start for baby boomers are insufficient. Therefore, this study is focused to draw up some measures and job creation to support baby boomers, especially the third sectors'' job (e.g. community business, social enterprise, etc).
For this study, are employed various research methodologies such as Focus Group Interview, literature review, panels of expert and case studies of Japan and United States.
2. Characteristics of Baby boomers
Baby boomers have some characteristics as like follows. Leading the industrialization era, they experienced rapid economic growth but also they were suffered from Asian Financial crisis in 1997 and Global Finance crisis in 2008. As a main bread-winner, they have supported their parents as well as children. However, the old life preparation for themselves is insufficient. Baby boomers are making use of pension system as a mean of old life preparation, and the largest portion of their income are going to children''s education. In addition, they have scarcity of plan for their second life after retirement.
Baby boomer employees work in the manufacturing and construction industry most. Former baby boomer generations mostly works in the primary industries like agriculture, and the grater part of post baby boomer generations works in the service industry. Baby boomer men are generally divided into professionals who are highly educated-highly skilled and technical engineers who are low educated-low skilled.
3. Job Policies and Case Study of Babyboomers
For job creation of baby boomers, generally seven career paths that baby boomers can enter are founded: 1) job maintain through employment extension, 2) outplacement, 3) building new company of their own, 4) community business or social enterprise, 5) contribution job to society, 6) return to farming, 7) abroad dispatch.
Career paths are depend on which job the baby boomers need and transfer to. Also, the job types are for living or for contribution, which are decided by economic status or degree of child education. Especially, baby boomers who are searching job for living are tend to choose their new job depending on their experience and skills.
In this study, it is examined which policies to support baby boomers to enter these job field are and what the prospects of these jobs are like.
4. Case Studies of United States and Japan
It is meaningful to examine problems and solutions of baby boomers in United States and Japan for exploring support policies of our baby boomers, because baby boomers were appeared in United States and Japan earlier than Korea.
In Korea, it is set the retirement age at 55, and at 65 in Japan. However, the retirement age system is illegal in United States. Similarly, in Korea and Japan, governments try to intervention to elderly labour market but it is restricted for government to intervention to labour market in United States.
According to policy review results, it is showed that job creation policy specialized to baby boomers is not developed in Korea. Instead, resources and budgets are focused to elderly job policy for more than 65. In Japan, outplacement policy of 55 between 64 seniors is emphasized and in United States, job creation policy for low-incomed seniors is given priority.
Regarding the role of private agency to job creation, actions of private sectors are promoted in Japan. Japan government supports private sectors with the principle described as ''not intervention but support''. There are some programs for seniors as a part of affirmative labour policy in United States, but the scale of policy is small.
All the three nations provide some financial support to employers to elderly employment, but it is focused to maintain the employment condition in Korea in comparison boosting the employment of seniors in Japan and United States.
Some implications are suggested from Japan case. First, continuity in long-term is emphasized to build and implement the policies that respond to problems of baby boomers. Second, partnership plays a great role to find the solutions of the baby boomers'' problems. Third, there are a lot of job items for Dankai generations, and it means various services to meet the needs of baby boomers are provided in every sector.
Considering United States'' case, baby boomers have been playing a key role to lead the society and wield strong social influence. Also, institutions or organizations that support the baby boomers are numerous.
5. Proposals and Implications to policy for baby boomers
Job creation and directions of policy for baby boomers should be set up from the needs and characteristics of them. For example, 25% of baby boomers work in administrative position, professional job, or office job. It means that the items and directions of present Project for Creating Job Opportunities for the Elderly should be reorganized to meet their social experience, knowledge and needs.
Also, industrial structure change from manufacturing industries to knowledge based industries is needed to be considered to make policies for baby boomers.
The objectives of job policy for baby boomers should be job expansion to fulfill the needs of baby boomers for their second life. The strategies for these objectives are like belows: 1) job creations considering the characteristics of baby boomers, 2) diversification of career paths, 3) job creation in the knowledge-service industry, 4) public job creation that combined with social knowledge and experience of baby boomers. Policy issues for these strategies are 1) building the foundation to support baby boomers systemically, 2) finding creative job model by project competitions for social contributive jobs, 3) establishing the job network specialized for baby boomers, 4) establishing education system for retirement, 5) finding new jobs based on knowledge service industry.제1장 서 론
제1절 연구의 필요성과 목적 1
1. 연구의 필요성 1
2. 연구의 목적 3
3. 관련문헌 분석 3
제2절 연구의 내용과 방법 7
1. 연구의 내용 7
2. 연구의 방법 7
3. 연구의 범위와 한계 11
제2장 베이비붐 세대 분석
제1절 베이비붐 세대의 정의와 특성 13
1. 인구 분포 13
2. 베이비붐 세대의 성장 15
3. 베이비붐 세대의 가족관계와 노후준비 17
4. 베이비붐 세대의 경제적 욕구와 일자리 19
제2절 노동시장 특성 분석 21
1. 베이비붐 세대의 노동시장현황 22
2. 산업별 취업자 분포 29
3. 직종별 취업자 분포 34
4. 베이비붐 세대 노동시장의 특징과 시사점 38
제3장 베이비붐 세대 일자리 정책과 현장 사례
제1절 베이비붐 세대 일자리 경로 41
제2절 일자리 정책 45
1. 고용유지(고용연장) 정책 45
2. 사회적 기업 정책 48
3. 커뮤니티 비즈니스 관련 정책 53
4. 시니어 창업 58
5. 귀농 귀촌 정책 60
6. 해외파견 정책 65
제3절 현장사례 분석 69
1. 사회적 기업 69
2. 사회적 공헌 일자리 사례 76
3. 커뮤니티 비즈니스와 귀농 귀촌 사례 80
4. 베이비붐 세대의 일자리 창출을 위한 제언 81
제4장 외국 사례
제1절 외국의 베이비붐 세대와 지원정책 83
1. 미국과 일본의 베이비붐 세대의 정의와 특징 83
2. 베이비붐 세대 지원정책 85
제2절 베이비붐 세대의 일자리 관련사례 92
1. 일본 92
2. 미국 98
제5장 일자리 정책방향과 제언
제1절 정책방향과 추진전략 107
제2절 정책제언 110
1. 베이비부머 지원 재단 설립 110
2. 사회공헌형 일자리 공모사업(시범) 추진 111
3. 베이비부머 일자리 지원 서비스망 구축 114
4. 직업능력개발계좌제를 활용한 베이비붐 세대의 퇴직지원 115
5. 베이비부머를 위한 새로운 일자리 발굴 116
Summary 119
부 록 125
참고문헌 13
Improvement Measures for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of Certified Professionals, Focusing on Medical Doctors, Professional Engineers, Lawyers, and Accountants
Get PDFThis research surveys and analyzes the current conditions of Continuing Professional Development (hereafter, CPD) of some of Korea’s most highly represented professions, medical doctors, professional engineers, lawyers, and accountants, in order to execute substantiating and activating plans. This research then looks at the CPD of certified professionals domestically and abroad by examining preceding studies in countries like Korea, the United States, and Great Britain. Materials on CPD of doctors, professional engineers, lawyers, and accountants from advanced countries like the United States, Germany, and Japan were specifically analyzed and collected. The composition of the contents and the problems of CPD faced by domestic and international certified professionals were studied by providing detailed information through 'Current Situation Analysis Framework for CPD of Certified Professionals.' A conference was organized in order to elicit many opinions on the current situation, problems, and prospects of CPD. To learn about the current situations of advanced countries, we sent the 'Current Situation Analysis Framework' to the representatives in charge of each country's qualification association, and telephone conferences were held in order to examine the procedures and detailed information on CPD when it was necessary. A final conference was held to gather all the information researched...
A Study on the Training Guidance Improvements of the Vocational Competency Development Accounts
Get PDF○ Vocational Ability Development Accounts; VADA is introduced to Unemployed Training in 2008, and expanded to the whole country in March, 2009.
- This system is similar to the Individual Training Accounts scheme in the U.S.A. and the Training Voucher system in Germany.
- The objective of VADA is to promote the efficiency and effectiveness of governmental training management by strengthening the right of training choices of individuals to bring competition to the training market.
○ It is important to offer appropriate career guidance to training participants and to ensure the quality of training courses for the settlement of VADA (CEDEFOP, 2009; IZA, 2008).
- In CEDEFOP (2004), it is emphasized that career guidance is an important measure for lifelong learning and social inclusion.
- Also, it is pointed out that the importance of career guidance is increased as the employment policy changes (OECD, 2004).
- Therefore, an examination of strengthened career guidance and the active promotion of policy for the expansion of the range of VADA application is required
Vocational Programs for General High School Students
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of the vocational programs for general high school students(VPGH) and evaluate outcomes of those programs. The followings were research questions of this study. First, how many students had enrolled in these programs in 2009 and has the number of applicants increased in recent years? Secondly, what are the official objectives of VPGH and what are the goals of VPGH perceived by students and teachers? Thirdly, what are the employment rates of graduates of theses programs, the percentages of graduates who pursued higher education, and the rate of students who passed qualification tests?
The number of students who completed VPGH has increased conspicuously between 2008 and 2009, from 3,784 to 5,643. 40.3% of them were educated in special schools for VPGH(Industrial information schools), 30.8% were trained in public vocational training institutes supported by the Ministry of Labour, and 25.7% were trained in private vocational institutions.
The official objectives of VPGH is to provide vocational training for students who do not have a plan to go to the universities. Yet, 17.3% of students had chosen VPGH expecting that they might have a higher chance to get admission from technical colleges and 31.4% students had chosen VPGH not for getting jobs but because they didn't have any other choices due to low academic achievement. Only 4% of students had chosen these programs for getting jobs. The gap between the official objective of VPGH and goals perceived by students could cause confusion and conflict in evaluating the validity of the content and the outcome of these programs.
The employment rate was the highest in public vocational training institutes(54.1%), and the lowest in the Technical Information schools(10.5%). The success rate in getting qualifications was the highest in the public vocational training institutions(82.1%) followed by Industrial Information schools(72.7%), and private training institutes(51.2%). On the other hand, the entrance rate for higher education was the highest in Industrial Information schools, the lowest in the public vocational training institutes.
To clarify the objectives of VPGH and divide roles among different groups of institutes were suggested
Development of the KRIVET Occupation Prospect Index (2009)
No full textThe unemployment rate among the rising generation and the anxiety and insecurity in relation to occupations among the elderly are becoming aggravated as the ratio of casual workers (non-regular workers) increases, as a result of the worldwide economic crisis. The nation needs information regarding more secure occupations, and promising occupations in a future world of work that is unpredictable, as employment quality worsens. For this reason, and to develop a pathway for the nation, we are willing to provide the output of the Occupation Prospect Index to help strengthen the relationship between education and work, an important component of information about the economy, so that people may approach changes in work more actively and effectively.
The following outlines our research methods. First is the comparative analysis of the actual statistical data of the 2007-2008 KRIVET Occupation Prospect Index results. The second is an analysis of national and international studies and statistical data related to the evaluation field and item details of the Occupation Prospect Index. The third is specialist survey data for the additive computation of the evaluation field and item details of the index along with the Occupation Prospect Index survey after 2007, from among all those occupations that belong to the major industries of manufacturing, construction, science, and engineering. The fourth calculates each index based on a synthesis prospect index and field prospect index to identify promising occupations or promising occupations for the aged/woman. Then, based on the research results from all of the above, we will present a long-term strategic plan and outline the policy implications of the Occupation Prospect Index.
Based on the basic research of 2006, this research project consists of the category of the Occupation Prospect Index. For Occupation Prospect Index computation of weight, we researched a Delphi-survey of 58 specialists and the Occupation Prospect Index, consisting of seven evaluation items as follows: ? compensation - earnings and benefits; ?employment conditions - job creation, job growth, and job competition; ?employment stability - full-time employment and job retention; ? career growth prospects - self-development, promotion, and possibility of job change; ? working conditions - working hours, physical environment, stress; ? professionalism - expert knowledge, autonomy, authority, social reputation, community service, and spirit of a calling; ?employment equality - gender equality, elder-friendliness. Finally, employees of 140 among 152 jobs in the manufacturing and construction industries carried out the survey
The Method to Improve the Basic Learning Ability of Vocational High School Students
Get PDFAs the industrial structure and the labor market have highly developed, vocational high schools have difficulties in identifying their educational purpose. In particular, as social phenomena such as a negative social attitude toward job-specialized education and decreasing number of students have impeded schools from selecting well-qualified applicants, there is serious doubt about the basic learning capability of vocational high school students. Under these conditions, it is vital to develop a comprehensive method and practice to improve the basic learning ability of vocational high school students, which is accumulatively developed from the elementary school level, as well as to establish the notion of the basic learning ability of vocational high school students, and review the previous studies on the proper level of the basic academic ability of vocational high school students, as differentiated from students of general high schools
A Study on the Establishment of an Efficient Financial Education System to Strengthen Financial Knowledge
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to explore the establishment of an efficient financial education system to reinforce financial knowledge. The objective of the study is to seek alternatives that could improve financial education. Financial education is important, as it helps consumers to make appropriate decisions with respect to financial circumstances and risk. The major research method involved a review of previous research and government policy, afield survey, in-depth interviews, and a case study of the US, the UK, and EU countries.
As the financial industry is evolving into a knowledge-based industry, the future competitiveness of financial institutions in Korea will depend on having financial professionals with skills in risk management, customized product development, accommodation of customer needs, and diversification of income sources. In a survey of professionals conducted in 2009, attracting financial talent with a global perspective and insight was deemed to be the most urgent and essential element for the growth and development of financial industries.
The importance of financial education has been recognized by the government, financial institutes, and even the public. In response to this increased emphasis on the importance of financial education, Korea needs to establish a financial education system that can help Koreans to improve their financial knowledge.
Financial education programs furnished by small, private education institutions, financial institutes, and consulting companies have been reported as not being systematic or well-structured enough to train the financial talent that is required by the market.
To support the policy of MCHRD, and to enable the development of appropriate policies, it is necessary to take into account a number of things; integration into the Korean society does not mean assimilation - MCHRD need to be enabled and supported in maintaining their culture, a legal framework which provides redress for discrimination is critical in ensuring that MCHRD are treated equally.
It is necessary to support at all levels, from central government to local government, and on broad societal attitudes as well as on the problems of individuals if multicultural family are to come feel at home in their new society
Current Status of Korea's Regional Human Resources Development Policy and Future Tasks
Get PDFAt this, the dawn of the 21st century, Korean society can be said to have entered a transitional period characterized by notions such as globalization, informatization, and localization. In this regard, localization has served as a launching point for a new round of democratization and the facilitation of globalization and informatization. In addition, localization has been carried out by local autonomous entities in accordance with the concept of regional development as the foundation for national development. Along with these changes that have taken place at the macroscopic level, society has also been faced with a new growth and development paradigm characterized by the notion of low-carbon green growth. In this new environment, the development of human resources has come to play an even more enhanced role in the invigoration of regional industries and economic growth. As such, the time has come for both central and local governments to pay increased attention to the development of human resources and the support thereof. Here, various elements which greatly influence regional development can be suggested. That being said, the securing of human resources and the improvement of the quality of human resources remain key elements that cannot be ignored. To this end, the activation of a regional human resources development (HRD) policy requires the following: an analysis of the current state of such policy, the establishment of a regional green growth human resources development (HRD) system that is based on the notions of specialization and necessity, and the effective management of this system as a tool for regional development.
Based on the above-mentioned background and the need for human resources development, this study analyzes the external and internal elements associated with the current state of regional human resources development policy. It also introduces some of the measures needed to effectively implement policies and projects related to regional human resources development, and suggests the future tasks which the central and local governments, as well as the other main actors in charge of regional human resources development (HRD), will have to address
Method of Strengthening the Competencies of Vocational Education Institute Teachers : Focusing on Vocational High Schools
Get PDFThis study is designed to present comprehensive improvement and enhancement methods from the perspectives of nurturing education, enhancing the educational system, and improving policy, by investigating the competence of vocational education teachers in vocational high schools, and identifying the competence levels of each teacher based on an examination
Measures to Improve Special Graduate Schools for Higher-Level Vocational Education
Get PDFIn general, graduate education programs are classified into Graduate Schools, Professional Graduate Schools, and Special Graduate Schools. In Special Graduate Schools, the aim of education is to provide continuing education to adults and employees who are striving to develop their professional skills and are seeking to gain a Master's Degree. While the number of special graduate schools has increased tremendously, the education program of special graduate schools has been criticized for inefficiency and a lack of systematic administration.
This study is conducted with the aim of activating the work-to-school function of special graduate schools by eliciting improvement measures by investigating the situations of special graduate schools in order to identify their problems. The research methods employed include a survey of domestic and oversea literature, the collection of statistical data, attendance of council meetings, and in-depth interviews with professors, administrators, students, and graduates of special graduate schools