Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training
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[패널브리프] 청년층의 진로 유형 분석
No full textⅠ. 문제 제기
□ 우리나라의 높은 대학 진학률은 21세기 지식기반사회가 요구하는 수평적 네트워크 및 사회연대를 형성하는 데 유리한 측면이 있으나, 입시위주의 교육, 과중한 사교육비로 인한 사회적 손실도 큼.
□ 본 연구에서는 한국교육고용패널조사(KEEP: Korean Education & Employment Panel) 데이터를 이용하여 고등학교 이후 청년층의 진로 유형의 특성을 파악하고자 함.
Ⅱ. 분석 자료 및 대상
□ 한국직업능력개발원에서 실시하는 한국교육고용패널 조사의 1차(2004)~2차(2013)년도 자료를 이용하여 고등학교 졸업 이후 9년 동안의 대학 진학 유형(선진학, 후진학, 비진학) 실태를 파악하고, 대학 진학 유형별 취업 실태를 비교하고자 함.
Ⅲ. 분석결과
1. 고교 졸업 이후 경로 추적
2. 가정배경(가구소득)에 따른 진로 경로의 차이
3. 경로별 노동시장 결과
Ⅳ. 시사
Strategies for Expanding to Attract Foreign Trainees to Lifelong Vocational Education Institution
No full text본 연구는 국민 일자리 창출 및 투자 활성화를 위한 외국인 연수 허용에 대한 지속적인 요청을 수용하고, 외국인 노동인력의 합리적 운영을 위하여 평생직업교육학원에서 외국인 연수생의 유치확대 방안을 모색하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 평생직업교육학원의 외국인 연수생 및 관련 제도 실태를 분석하고 우수한 외국인 연수 확대를 위한 평생직업교육학원 제도 및 환경 개선 방안을 모색하고자 한다.Ⅰ. Study Necessity and Purpose
In South Korea, recently government financial departments have requested to allow excellent private organizations to train foreign people for more job creation and investment activation. This item on foreign trainee acceptance was put on the agenda of the financial ministerial meeting (Jul. 30, 2014) and trade and investment promotion meeting (Aug. 12, 2014). Previously, organizations permitted to train foreigners in the country were limited to national/public training agencies or investment enterprises. Whereas private institutions were prevented for concern over illegal employment/ stay of foreign trainees; difficulty of guaranteeing training effectiveness due to language problem; difficulty of controlling poorly-managed private institutions under the reporting system for private institution establishment, etc. They were excluded from the group of organizations permitted to provide training programs for foreigners.
However, criticism arose that by inhibiting all of the private educational institutions from training foreign trainees due to the possible illegal stay, etc., the government just eradicated any single change of even excellent internal/external institutions to provide programs for foreigners. Also, many successful foreign institutions came to be known in Korea, which reaped economic gains through foreign trainee programs. In this response, the Ministry of Justice announced a plan (draft) to allow excellent private educational institutions to provide foreigner training programs (Aug. 8, 2014).
This revision (draft) is to be applied on the pilot basis first to institutions affiliated to a listed company or university with organized educational system for foreigners and their management.
A large number of lifelong vocational education institutions, although they have an excellent learning environment and lecturers, are limited in recruiting foreign students due to the poor domestic regime. In this situation, relevant procedures will need to be streamlines such as the certification of foreigner training institution designation for lifelong vocational education institutions to expand foreign students.
In this regard, the academic literature review is deemed necessary on lifelong vocational education institutions that will be in charge of foreign trainees’ technological education. Also, the status quo of Korea’s legal regime on lifelong vocational education institutions needs to be reviewed while interviewing working-level officials. Foreign trainees, after completing a domestic course at such institutions, may return to their country but if they get a job in Korea, proper labor policies for them will also need to be considered. In consideration of such necessities, the present study was conducted.
In this study, foreign cases were investigated based on literature reviews on how to attract more foreign trainees to lifelong vocational education institutions; the national legal regime was examined; and officials from such institutions were interviewed to analyze the study findings. Based on these processes, this study looked at how to induce more foreign students by diversifying the curriculums of such institutions; for employed foreign trainees, how to activate the support for foreign workers staying in Korea by identifying their problems in adapting to workplaces and staying in Korea and how to prevent unlawful stay; and how to supply skilled foreign workers in order to present reasonable labor policy for foreigners.요 약
제1장 서 론_1
제1장 서 론 3
제1절 연구의 필요성 및 목적 3
제2절 연구의 내용 7
제3절 연구의 방법과 절차 8
제4절 용어의 정리 13
제2장 평생직업교육학원의 외국인 연수생 관련 문헌 분석_17
제1절 평생직업교육학원 및 직업기술학원 현황 19
제2절 외국인 연수생 현황 분석 26
제3절 평생직업교육학원에서의 학위 및 자격 취득 33
제4절 해외 우수 사례 분석 39
제5절 시사점 63
제3장 평생직업교육학원의 외국인 연수생 관련 법제 현황_69
제1절 외국인 연수생 관련 법·제도 분석 71
제2절 외국인 근로자에 대한 법원의 판단 125
제3절 소결 139
제4장 평생직업교육학원 관계자 조사 결과 분석_143
제1절 조사개요 및 분석 방법 145
제2절 평생직업교육학원의 외국인 연수생 운영 현황 147
제3절 평생직업교육학원의 외국인 연수생 운영 지원 151
제4절 평생직업교육학원의 외국인 연수생 유치 확대를 위한 개선 방안 163
제5절 소결 166
제5장 정책의 방향과 과제_171
제1절 정책 방향 173
제2절 정책 과제 176
SUMMARY_193
참고 문헌_219
[부록] 면담조사지_22
Perspectives on General Subjects in the Vocational High Schools
No full text본 연구에서는 특성화고등학교에서 보통교과 교육이 어떻게 자리매김해야 하는가를 논의하고자 한다. 구체적인 연구 목적과 그에 따른 연구 질문은 다음과 같다.
첫째, 학교교육의 목적과 직업교육의 목적에 대한 질문을 던지고, 그와 연계하여 특성화고등학교에서 보통교과 교육의 방향이 무엇이어야 하는가를 검토하고자 한다. 보통교과의 공식적 교육 목적은 무엇이며, 보통교과의 교육 목적에 대한 교사 및 학생의 인식은 무엇인가를 확인하고자 한다.
둘째, 특성화고등학교에서 보통교과가 운영되는 현황을 살펴보고자 한다.
셋째, 현장 중심 직업교육이 강한 독일과 덴마크, 그리고 호주에서 보통교과는 어떻게 운영되고 있으며, 보통교과를 담당하고 있는 교사들의 특징은 무엇이며, 이들 나라의 보통교과 운영 사례가 우리나라 특성화고등학교 보통교과 운영에 주는 시사점은 무엇인가를 알아보고자 한다.
넷째, 특성화고등학교에서 학업성취도 평가를 대치하여 실행되고 있는 직업기초능력평가 결과의 환류 현황, 직업기초능력 제고를 위해 운영되는 프로그램의 실태를 검토하고, 직업기초능력 프로그램과 보통교과의 관계는 어떻게 이루어져야 하는가를 제안하고자 한다.Emphasis on work-based learning has become an international trend as an policy measure to reduce youth unemployment and skill mismatch by strengthening the linkage between schools and labor market. In korea, strong policy have been implemented to increase employment rate of graduates of vocational high schools who used to pursue higher education. As an outcome of a series of policies in recent years, peoples’ perspectives have been changed, considering learning specific skills are the most important in vocational high schools under the social slogan of “building the meritocratic society”, the meaning of which is rather obscure. Reflecting these trends, general subjects have been gradually neglected in vocational high schools in Korea. This study started based on a sense of crisis that while a society is over-emphasizing specific skills, there might be a danger of overlooking arguments that specific skills oriented education can not ensure the later period of workers’ lives than does the concept-based education due to lack of adaptability to the changing society.
The aims of this study is to contemplate the purpose of learning general subjects in vocational high schools and explore the ways to improve the quality of vocational high school education with regard to general subjects, in a way that it can not only contribute the need of labor market but also for the good of student’s lifelong competitiveness and human resources development at the national level. Various approaches have been deployed in this study such as literatures review, interviews with teachers and students, and quantitative analysis based on survey with teachers and student.
The results provided the following characteristics as the current status of general education in vocational high schools. First, despite of considerable differences in educational context between general high schools and vocational high schools, officially the curriculum of general subjects of these two types of schools are the same. There is no guideline or system to help teachers of general subjects in vocational high schools to deal with less motivated students with less time for teaching than general high schools. Secondly, many teachers think that the number of courses for general subjects in vocational high schools need to be reduced and 21.8% of students responded that there is no need to learn general subjects. Third, more than half of students are aware of lack of basic ability for learning. Fourth, many teachers of general subjects are relatively alienated in the process curriculum planning and showed the tendency of less actively participating in professional education and training.
As the final conclusion of this study, two scenarios were provided which shows contradictory characteristics. In the Scenario 1, based on the perspectives of Brunner(1960), Hirst(1965), Gardner(2006) and Young(2009), general subject would be more emphasized than now with changes in teaching method in order for students to be better equipped for the rapidly changing labor marker as well as enhance their wisdom for life and citizenship. On the other hand, in the Scenario 2, the objects of general subjects will be limited to facilitating development of basic competencies required in the work places. In case of choosing the Scenario 1 as an policy direction, changes in curriculum, teacher placement and training, and quality control of teaching in order to assure students of vocational high school have chances to learn, at their piques of cognitive capacity, the “powerful knowledge” with “disciplinary minds” which will help them in the lifelong learning society.
Addressing the limitation of the study, further suggestions of researches were made.요 약
제1장 서 론_3
제1절 연구의 필요성과 목적 3
제2절 연구내용과 방법 10
제2장 고교 직업교육에서 보통교과 교육의 목적_21
제1절 학교교육의 기능 21
제2절 직업교육의 목적과 방향 27
제3절 학교교육과 직업교육 목적에 의거한 특성화고등학교 보통교과 교육의 목적 38
제3장 특성화고등학교 보통교과 운영 현황_51
제1절 특성화고등학교 교육과정 편성 현황 51
제2절 교사 인식을 통해서 본 보통교과 현황 58
제3절 학생 인식을 통해서 본 보통교과 운영 현황 92
제4절 특성화고등학교 보통교과 운영 현황 분석의 주요 결과 113
제4장 보통교과 운영 현황 해외 사례_125
제1절 해외 사례 수집 방법 125
제2절 독일 직업교육에서의 보통교과 운영 129
제3절 호주 직업교육에서의 보통교과 운영 143
제4절 덴마크 직업교육에서의 보통교과 운영 159
제5절 소결 : 시사점 172
제5장 특성화고등학교 직업기초능력 교육 현황_179
제1절 직업기초능력 교육의 중요성 179
제2절 특성화고등학교 직업기초능력평가 200
제3절 직업기초능력 교육 운영 210
제4절 직업기초능력 교육의 방향 219
제5절 소결 231
제6장 결론 및 제언_237
제1절 특성화고등학교 보통교과 교육의 맥락과 문제점 237
제2절 특성화고등학교 보통교과 교육의 방향과 과제 249
SUMMARY_267
참고문헌_271
부 록_287
1. 부표 289
2. 교사용 설문지 298
3. 학생용 설문지 30
Who Leaves and Tho Stays? : When Entering College and Finding Job after Graduation
Get PDF본 연구는 대학 진학과 대졸 취업 과정에서 우리나라 청년세대의 지역이동 경향이 어떠한지 살펴보고, 고등학교와 동일 지역으로의 대학진학 및 대졸취업에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝혀내고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구대상은 2004년 고등학교 3학년이었던 대졸 임금근로자(2012년 기준) 738명이다. 한국교육고용패널(KEEP) 1차년도(2004년)~9차년도(2012년) 고등학교 3학년 코호트 조사 자료를 통해 GIS 지도화 및 이변량 프로빗 모형으로 분석하였다.
주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
고등학교 소재 도시규모, 고3시절 원가족 월 평균소득, 대학교 전공에 따라 고등학교와 동일 지역으로의 대학진학 여부에 차이가 났고, 이러한 대학진학 여부는 고등학교 동일 지역으로 대졸취업 하는데도 영향을 미쳤다. 고등학교 동일 지역으로의 대졸취업 여부에는 고등학교 소재 도시규모, 대학교 소재 도시규모, 대학교 전공에 따라서 차이가 났다. 4년제 대학교와 2∼3년 전문대학으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 인문계 고등학교 여부, 고3시절 원가족 월 평균소득, 성별, 대학교 소재 도시규모가 4년제 대학교 졸업자에게만 영향을 미치는 요인이었다. 인문계 고등학교와 전문계 고등학교로 구분한 분석에서는 고등학교 소재 도시규모, 고3시절 원가족 월 평균소득, 대학교 소재 도시규모, 대학교 유형, 대학교 전공, 직장유형이 인문계 고등학교에서만 영향력 있는 요인으로 나타났다.This study examines the tendency of geographical mobility at the time of entering college and getting a job after graduation, and the factors that have effects on going to college and finding a job in the same province as where the high school is located. The study was conducted on 738 participants who were employed in 2012, referring to Korean Education & Employment Panel (KEEP). GIS mapping analysis reveals that young adults flew into big cities, flowing out from small and medium-sized cities and rural communities when entering college and finding a job after graduation. Bivariate probit model reveals that geographical mobility of entering a college had an influence on geographical mobility of getting a job after graduation. Results of these analyses were closely related to the groups of four-year-course colleges and academic high schools
The effects of location of one's affiliated university on labor market outcomes of a first job
Get PDF본 연구에서는 한국고용정보원에서 조사된 2011년 대졸자 직업이동 경로조사(GOMS2011)자료를 활용하여 출신대학 소재지가 노동시장 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그리하여 서울 소재 대학 졸업 또는 수도권 소재 대학 졸업 여부에 따라 첫 직장의 노동시장 성과에 차이가 존재하는지 분석하였으며, 기업체 규모 및 임금, 비정규직 여부 등을 노동시장 성과의 다각적인 측면을 고려하였다. 분석 방법으로는 선택편의를 최소화할 수 있는 경향점수 매칭방법(propensity score matching)을 사용하여 대학 입학 이전의 유사한 특성을 지닌 서울/비서울 소재 대학 졸업생들과 수도권/비수도권 소재 대학 졸업생들을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였다.
분석결과, 출신대학 소재지는 첫 직장의 노동시장 성과에 유의미한 영향력을 발휘하는 것으로 드러났다. 서울 소재 대학 졸업생들은 비서울지역 대학 졸업자들에 비하여 기업체 규모 및 임금에서 더 좋은 노동시장 성과를 거두었으며, 이러한 결과는 수도권 소재 대학 졸업생들과 비수도권 소재 대학 졸업생들의 분석 결과에서도 유사한 것으로 확인되었다. 전술한 결과는 개인의 배경이나 대학 입학 이전 특성, 대학 위세 등에서 유사한 특성을 지녔을지라도 출신대학 소재지에 따라 노동시장 성과에 차이가 존재할 개연성이 있음을 시사한다.Using a sample from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey(GOMS) 2011 data, this study investigates the effects of the location of former college on labor market outcomes. The difference in labor market performance was examined depending on whether or not former college from which one is graduated is located in Seoul or in capital areas. To this end, this study employed propensity score matching to minimize selection bias, and thereby analyzed students with similar attributes prior to the entrance of universities.
The results reveal that graduates from universities in Seoul, as well as those from universities located in the capital area, exhibit better labor market performance in terms of wage level or size of the companies. The findings from this study imply that it is highly likely for graduates from universities located in Seoul or in capital areas to get the windward of the labor market outcomes
A Study on Teachers Perceptions of Operational Improvements of On-The-Job Training for the Qualitative Growth of High School Graduates Employment
No full text이 연구에서는 고졸 취업의 질적 성장을 위한 중등 직업교육기관의 현장실습 운영 방안을 제시하기 위하여 전국 특성화고·마이스터고의 취업 담당 부장 교사 456명과 교장 351명, 총 807명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였다. 수집된 자료는 빈도분석과 교차분석을 통해 분석하였다.
교원들의 인식에 기초한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 현 상황에서의 현장실습 운영 개선 방안으로는 우수 산업체의 참여 유도, 현장실습 질 관리 체계 구축, 단위학교 취업 업무 개선, 정부의 학교 취업 성과 평가 방안의 개선, 현장실습 관련 법규 보완 등이 요구된다.
둘째, 현장실습 산업체 선정을 위해서 근무 환경, 직무와 학생 개인 특성과의 부합성, 학생의 발전 가능성, 직무와 학생 전공과의 부합성 등을 고려하고 산업 분야별 협회, 공공기관 및 정부의 산업체 발굴 및 산업체 사전 정보 획득을 위한 지원이 요구된다.
셋째, 현장실습에서 산업체가 학생에게 제공할 교육으로는 기초적인 조직 이해 교육, 기초 실습 교육, 심화 실습 교육, 다양한 직무 수행 기회 제공 등이 요구되며, 현장실습을 위한 교원 연수로는 산업체 이해 연수, 산업체 직무 연수, 노동시장 이해 연수, 산업안전보건 및 근로관계법 연수, 직업 상담 관련 연수, 재직자 경력 발달 경로 이해 연수 등이 요구된다.This study is to suggest secondary vocational educational institutes with better improvement plans of the on-the-job training(OJT), in order to achieve the qualitative growth of high school graduates employment. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 456 head teachers and 351 principals of specialized high schools and Meister high schools.
The research results are as follows.
First, the efforts need to be made to encourage the engagement of advanced industries, establish the OJT quality management system, improve the work environments in employment departments of individual high schools, improve the government's school employment evaluation standards, and supplement OJT-related regulations.
Second, support from various industrial associations, the government and other public sector institutes is necessary to search for more industries and obtain prior information on them.
Third, various training programs need to be implemented to broaden students' knowledge on industries and enhance OJT operational capabilities of the teachers
The Improving Effects of Self-development Capacity in General Education on the National Competency Standards
No full text본 연구에서는 NCS 직업기초능력으로서 자기개발능력 교양교과 수강유무에 따라 자기성찰능력과 진로준비행동이 증진되는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 자기성찰능력은 안체윤·오미경(2013)이 개발한 척도를, 진로준비행동은 최윤경, 김성회(2012)가 개발한 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 서울시 소재 S여대 74명을 대상으로 비동질 집단설계(William, 2006)를 하였고, 수집된 자료의 분석은 평균, 표준편차, 다변량공분산분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, NCS 자기개발능력 교양교과를 수강한 집단에서 자기성찰능력의 향상과 진로준비행동의 증진이 나타났다. 둘째, 자기성찰능력의 각 하위요인을 살펴본 결과, 자기이해, 자기조절 및 활용, 자기반성 등이 NCS 자기개발능력 교양교과를 수강한 집단에서 향상된 것으로 나타났으며, 집단별 차이의 크기는 자기조절 및 활용, 자기이해, 자기반성순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 진로준비행동의 각 하위요인을 살펴본 결과, 자기이해행동, 직업능력향상행동, 직업세계탐색행동 모두 NCS 자기개발능력 교양교과를 수강한 집단에서 증진된 것으로 나타났으며, 집단별 차이의 크기는 직업세계탐색행동, 직업능력향상행동, 자기이해행동 순으로 나타났다.The study was designed to examine the effectiveness of the self-development capacity in general education on the NCS (National Competency Standards). The Intrapersonal Intelligence scale developed by An and Oh (2013) and the Career Preparation Behavior scale developed by Choi and Kim (2012) were used to assess college students' capacity for self-development. The subjects of this study were 74 college students located in Seoul. The experimental group participated in the general education for 15 weeks. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and MANCOVA (multiple analysis of covariance). The results of this study were as follows: First, the self-development capacity in general education on the NCS had influence on enhancing self-reflective capacity and improving career preparation behavior depending on groups. Second, the capacity for self-development in general education on the NCS had influence on enhancing three factors of self-reflection depending on groups. Third, the capacity for self-development in general education on the NCS had influence on improving three factors of career preparation behavior depending on groups
Countermeasures for Fostering the NCS Learning Modules
Get PDFThis study was aimed at drawing the policy recommendations for fostering NCS learning modules in the NCS-based human resources systems based upon analyzing the roles and status of NCS learning modules as well as practical issues in using learning modules in various fields. For this research aim, the study used the literature review, consultation from the specialists, and quantitative survey on the using NCS learning modules and developing the NCS-based curriculum
Policy Agenda to Reorganize Qualification System Based on National Competency Standards
Get PDFQualification system in Korea has been developed to be more important and prevalent as an objective tool to measure one’s ability in work place. According to the drastic changes of the era, however, qualification system also undergoes new change driven by national and international factors. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and reorganize the direction of the qualification system in Korea based on National Competency Standards (NCS) in order to propose agenda to reform current qualification system.
Chapter 1 introduces the research purpose, methods, and contents of the study. As for the research methods, questionnaire was conducted and several expert meetings were held for the discussion.
Second chapter identifies the rationale and the issues presented in previous studies. In addition, this chapter examined the theoretical concepts related to qualification system through various literatures. Based on these analyses, It summarizes the current status of qualification system and derives the specific issues to be addressed in Chapter 3. To tackle main issues in new qualification system, analysis associated with existing qualification was done within NCS-based qualification system.
Chapter 3 analyses the issues and proposes policy agenda. It largely divides key concepts related to reorganization of the qualification system by NCS into 3 fields: the reorganization principles; the reorganization directions; and the reorganization content. The reorganization principles of the qualification system are the important theories which should always be considered to reorganize it. They can be defined as the principles of equity and efficiency. The reorganization directions of the qualification suggested issues related to the ways which should be sought in reorganization. They are based on connectivity, flexibility, and comparability. The reorganization contents of the qualification system are related to the details which achieve recognition of its value and are properly utilized in industries. The first step of the reorganization contents of the qualification system is industrial analyses and is to find out the career pathway. Next, required qualification should be identified and qualification types should be decided. And then, the awarding methods of each qualification should be determined by designing qualification types utilizing NCS unit or its element. In the final step, methods to maintain quality of qualification system is discussed.
Chapter 4 tries to apply the findings from chapter 3 to selected sectors, chemical and accommodation sector. The purpose of this chapter is to refine the proposal by testing the reorganization principles and proposals suggested in chapter 3. The Korean National Technical Qualification is largely divided into technology and service part. The chemical field was selected as the qualification related to technologies and the accommodation field was done as the service part.
Chapter 5 proposes 15 policy agenda and conclusion of this study to reorganize the qualification system based on NCS
Youth Labor Market Analysis through intangible demand analysis of firms and applicants
Get PDFThis study explored youth labor market by intangible demand analysis from firms and applicants. The employment problems, especially for young generation, would be serious issues in the labor market since they would be related to over-education, loss of social capital, and skill discontinuity. The previous labor economic studies focused on tangible mismatch such as mismatch of information, skill, and income. However, this approach could not reflect the variety of companies in the labor market. To overcome this limitation of tangible labor market mismatch approach, marketing or human resource management approach based on internal and behavioral variables would be needed. The youth labor market of Korea has some unique characteristics compared to other developed countries like OECD countries. The Korean young generation has low employment, but it also has low employment rate too. This ostensibly conflicting labor market features would resulting from the late labor market entry of Korean young generation. The features and causes of NEET were also analyzed.
The previous research on organizational culture produced some research outcomes from some researchers such as Schein, Trompenaars, and Quinn. The competing value model proposed by Cameron & Quinn was frequently utilized to analyze the effect of organizational culture on various firm practices like human resource management practices. They made typology of organizational culture such as relationship culture, innovation culture, market culture, and hierarchy culture. To analyze demand of applicants, studies on the relationship between some variables like job value, career self-efficacy, personality and job search behaviors as well as studies on tangible labor market factors were reviewed and utilized to form the research framework of this study. In addition, studies on the fit between person and organizations such as the effect of person-organization fit on attraction, job offer acceptance, satisfaction, commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and performance were also reviewed and utilized. ..