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Phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth., Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray, and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel.) Benth
No full textMedicinal plants from Chad grow under special climatic conditions in between the equatorial forest of Central Africa and the desert of North Africa and are understudied. Three medicinal plants from Chad (T. diversifolia, P. Biglobosa and C. Febrifuga) were evaluated for their phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. The total phenolic composition varied from 203.19 ± 0.58 mg GAE/g DW in the ethyl acetate extract of P. biglobosa, to 56.41 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g DW in the methanol extract of C. febrifuga while the total flavonoid content varied from 51.85 ± 0.91 mg QE/g DW in the methanol extract of P. biglobosa to 08.56 ± 0.25 mg QE/g DW in the methanol extract of C. febrifuga. HPLC-DAD revealed that rutin, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid were the most abundant phenolics in T. diversifolia, P. Biglobosa and C. Febrifuga respectively. The antioxidant activity assayed by five different methods revealed very good activity especially in the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and CUPRAC assays where the extracts were more active than the standard compounds used. Good inhibition was exhibited against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with methanol (IC50: 15.63 ± 0.72 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (IC50: 16.20 ± 0.67 µg/mL) extracts of P. biglobosa, and methanol (IC50: 21.53 ± 0.65 µg/mL) and ethyl acetate (IC50: 30.81 ± 0.48 µg/mL) extracts of T. diversifolia showing higher inhibition than galantamine (IC50: 42.20 ± 0.44 µg/mL) against BChE. Equally, good inhibition was shown on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the α-glucosidase, the ethyl acetate (IC50 = 12.47 ± 0.61 µg/mL) and methanol extracts (IC50 = 16.51 ± 0.18 µg/mL) of P. biglobosa showed higher activity compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 17.35 ± 0.71 µg/mL) and on α-amylase, the ethyl acetate (IC50 = 13.50 ± 0.90 µg/mL) and methanol (IC50 = 18.12 ± 0.33 µg/mL) extracts of P. biglobosa showed higher activity compared to acarbose (IC50 = 23.84 ± 0.25 µg/mL). The results indicate that these plants are good sources of antioxidant phenolics and can be used to manage oxidative stress linked illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes
The back pain functional scale: Features and applications
No full textLow back pain is one of the most common health problems worldwide as well as one of the most common problems in clinics. Therefore, practical evaluation methods are needed. Standardized self-report outcome measures provide a useful and practical method of collecting and synthesizing a large amount of information. Many outcome measures focusing on pain-related function have been developed for patients with low back pain. Back Pain Functional Scale is one of these in the form of questionnaires. It is a self-reported outcome measure containing 12 short and understandable items used in determining the functional level of patients with chronic low back pain. It is valid, reliable, and sensitive to clinical change. It is highly correlated with the Roland Morris Questionnaire, which is the most commonly used outcome measure for low back pain. However, it is more successful in detecting clinical change than the Roland Morris Questionnaire
Measuring the Effects of Detomidine and Medetomidine Alone and in Combination with Ketamine on Tear Production and Intraocular Pressure in Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo)
No full textThe purpose of this study was to measure the effects of detomidine and medetomidine alone or in combination with ketamine on Schirmer tear test I (STT I) results and intraocular pressures (IOPs) in the common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Fourteen ophthalmologically healthy common buzzards were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist groups: a detomidine group (group 1) and a medetomidine group (group 2). The detomidine group had 2 subgroups, detomidine alone or in combination with ketamine. Similarly, the medetomidine group had 2 subgroups, medetomidine alone or in combination with ketamine. Five minutes after α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist administration, the first measurements of STT I and IOP were collected. Ketamine was injected intramuscularly immediately after the first measurements were recorded. Schirmer tear test I and IOP measurements were repeated 5 minutes after ketamine administration. Measurements were obtained for 3 subgroups per agonist grouping: baseline 1, detomidine alone and detomidine with ketamine for group 1, and baseline 2, medetomidine alone and medetomidine with ketamine for group 2. Both IOP and STT I decreased significantly after sedation, anesthesia, or both. Intraocular pressure was significantly lower in the detomidine-ketamine group compared with the detomidine alone group. The IOP and STT I significantly decreased in both the medetomidine alone and medetomidine-ketamine groups when compared with those for all 14 unanesthetized animals before administering the α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist and ketamine. When α-2 adrenoreceptor agonists were considered as a single group (groups 1 and 2 combined), IOP also showed a significant decrease in the α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist-ketamine groups compared with the α-2 adrenoreceptor agonists alone, but STT I did not. According to the results obtained from these common buzzards, no statistical differences were found between the detomidine and medetomidine (alone) groups or detomidine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine groups in terms of STT I and IOP
18F FDG PET/CT after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Pathological Responses are Predictive Factors for Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study
No full textWe investigated the prognostic value of interim and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) 18F FDG PET/CT and the complete pathological and metabolical response after NAC for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) receiving NAC. Patients who were decided to receive NAC were evaluated with baseline (PET1), after 2-3 cycles of chemotherapy (interim-PET2), and after NAC-before surgery (PET3) with 18F FDG PET/CT. The primary tumor SUV and the total metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of the primary tumor+axillary lymph nodes were calculated and defined for PET1-2-3 as SUV1-2-3 and MTV1-2-3. We also calculated ??%SUV and ??%MTV for PET1-2 and PET1-3. The relation between parameters and survival was evaluated with Cox regression analysis. Patients were grouped as a complete metabolic response or not (metCR/nonmetCR) according to PET3 and as PCR/non-PCR according to the presence of residual invasive tumor as a result of pathology after NAC. Forty-two patients were analyzed (46.36??10.4 years old). The median follow-up time was 94.3 months. For DFS and OS, only MTV from post-NAC PET/CT was an independent predictor. For MTV3 ??? 2.1 mL vs. > 2.1 mL, 7-year DFS and OS were 81.3% - 50%, (p= 0.038) and 88.2% and 55.6%, (p= 0.042) respectively. Survival was statistically significantly different in the PCR/non-PCR patient groups. There was no difference in DFS between patients with metCR/non-metCR, only between groups for OS (Log-rank). MTV (??? 2.1mL vs. > 2.1mL) obtained from 18F FDG PET/CT after NAC-pre-surgery and complete pathological response might distinguish patients with poor prognosis
Artificial neural network-based optimization of geothermal power plants
No full textIn the world, due to limited energy resources, low efficiency of renewable energies, complex and costly energy conversion technology, and environmental pollution, human beings are trying to develop and improve innovative and efficient systems. Therefore, optimizing a complex system with optimization methods under real operating conditions makes it more efficient, economical, and environmentally beneficial. For simulation, monitoring, and failure prediction of a modern geothermal power plant (GPP), artificial neural network (ANN)-based models have proven to be very suitable, especially for existing systems without physical models. These models have good accuracy if they are trained with data-oriented, adaptive, rapid response, and appropriate data. This chapter introduces the ANN methodology to optimize the thermodynamic performance of a GPP. The mentioned methodology is performed on an existing binary GPP with low enthalpy. For this purpose, experimental data consisting of average hourly temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, and power data at certain reference points of the GPP are collected. A mathematical model including mass, energy, and exergy analyses is developed. As the output parameters of ANN, electricity production rate and exergy efficiency, which are the result of the model, are accepted. The optimization parameters have been created by selecting some parameters at the reference points of the GPP. Its power output and exergy efficiency are estimated by the ANN method using values from the GPP’s reference points. As a result, the best value of the selected optimization parameters is determined by the ANN method for estimating maximum power output and exergy efficiency. Thus, the effect and change of optimization parameters on the thermodynamic performance of the GPP can be observed
Momordica charantia ve Datura stramonium Etanol Ekstraktlarının Antioksidan Aktivitesi ve Fenolik Kompozisyonu
No full textMedicinal plants in the world are natural antioxidant sources as they contain some secondary metabolites such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. Therefore, they are used to prevent or treat many diseases in many parts of the world. However, the use of antioxidants in cancer treatment is still controversial. Accordingly, the phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of the ethanol extracts of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) and Datum stramonium L. (Solanaceae), which are used traditionally in Turkey and have cytotoxic potential on human cancer cells, were investigated. The antioxidant assays (DPPH, metal chelating. phosphomolybdenum, and ferric reducing power) were applied 10 the ethanol extracts of the fruits of M. chimintia and the leaves of D. stramonium. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The phenolic compounds contained in ethanolic extracts were identified using HPLC method. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts. Caffeic acid was the major constituent in both extracts. The amount of caffeic acid was detected to be 6282.51 and 1.5183.36 mu g g(-1) extract in M. charantia extract and the D. stramonium extracts. respectively. D. stramonium leaf extract showed higher antioxidant activity than M charantia fruit extract and this activity may be associated with high phenolic compound concentrations. Hence, further studies about screening of bioactive compounds from various part of these plants will be a great importance for obtaining of source of novel natural antioxidants.Dünyadaki tıbbi bitkiler, fenolik asitler ve flavonoidler gibi bazı sekonder metabolitler içerdikleri için doğal antioksidan kaynaklarıdır. Bu nedenle dünyanın pek çok yerinde birçok hastalığı önlemek veya tedavi etmek için kullanılmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte, antioksidanların kanser tedavisinde kullanımı hala tartışmalıdır. Bu doğrultuda, Türkiye'de geleneksel olarak kullanılan ve insan kanser hücreleri üzerinde sitotoksik potansiyele sahip Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) ve Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) 'un etanol ekstraktlarının fenolik bileşimi ve antioksidan potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Antioksidan deneyler (DPPH, metal şelatlama, fosfomolibdenyum ve demir indirgeme gücü), M. charantia'nın meyvelerinin ve D. stramonium'un yapraklarının etanolik ekstraktlarına uygulandı. Toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikler belirlendi. Etanolik ekstraktlarda bulunan fenolik bileşikler HPLC yöntemi kullanılarak tespit edildi. Ekstraktlarda on beş fenolik bileşik tanımlandı. Kafeik asit, her iki ekstraktta da ana bileşendi. M. charantia ekstraktı ve D. stramonium ekstraktında kafeik asit miktarları sırasıyla 6282.51 ve 15183.36 μg g-1 olarak tespit edildi. D. stramonium yaprak ekstraktı, M. charantia meyve ekstraktından daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite gösterdi ve bu aktivite yüksek fenolik bileşik konsantrasyonları ile bağlantılı olabilir. Bu nedenle, bu bitkilerin çeşitli kısımlarından biyoaktif bileşiklerin taranması ile ilgili daha ileri çalışmalar, yeni doğal antioksidan kaynaklarının elde edilmesi için büyük önem taşıyacaktır
Production and Characterization of Sputtered Y-doped BaZrO3 for Proton Conducting Oxides
No full textA comprehensive study was carried out to evaluate single-phase BaZr0.80Y0.20O3-delta thin films produced by RF magnetron sputtering using a single target material. The present study mainly involved three objectives, i.e., production of a single-phase BaZr0.80Y0.20O3-delta sputter target using a deformable compaction die, RF sputtering of thin films using a single target material, and the electrochemical assessment of the BaZr0.80Y0.20O3-delta thin films. A single-phase sputter target with a 2 '' diameter was produced by pressing at 125 MPa via deformable compaction dies and sintering at 1500 degrees C for 10 h. Highly textured BaZr0.80Y0.20O3-delta thin films were obtained by RF sputtering of the target material fabricated in the study. Electrochemical investigations based on 4-probe resistivity measurement and electrochemical impedance spectrometry revealed that (110) oriented BaZr0.80Y0.20O3-delta films exhibited an improved conductivity
Bernstein Collocation Method for Solving MHD Jeffery-Hamel Blood Flow Problem with Error Estimations
No full textn this paper, the Bernstein collocation method (BCM) is used for the first time to solve the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Jeffery-Hamel arterial blood flow issue. The flow model described by nonlinear partial differential equations is first transformed to a third-order one-dimensional equation. By using the Bernstein collocation method, the problem is transformed into a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. The residual correction procedure is used to estimate the error; it is simple to use and can be used even when the exact solution is unknown. In addition, the corrected Bernstein solution can be found. As a consequence, the solution is estimated using a numerical approach based on Bernstein polynomials, and the findings are verified by the 4th-order Runge-Kutta results. Comparison with the homotopy perturbation method shows that the present method gives much higher accuracy. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method were supported by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 95% of confidence on interval error. Finally, the results revealed that the MHD Jeffery-Hamel flow is directly proportional to the product of the angle between the plates alpha and Reynolds number Re
An Evaluation of the Fear of Falling, Balance Levels, and Prognostic Blood Parameters Among the Geriatric Population With Hip Fractures
No full textBackground
In this study, we determined that among patients who had been operated upon for hip fractures at our hospital, prognostic factors for mortality and functional recovery in the preoperative period were indicated via laboratory parameters using the International Falls Efficacy Scale (FES-I) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores.
Methodology
Between January 2020 and January 2021, the results of 64 patients who had been surgically treated for a hip fracture and 57 patients who had scheduled elective surgery were compared retrospectively. The groups' demographic data and blood parameters were compared. We used the FES-I and BBS scores to determine patients' physical functional status and fear of falling.
Results
The case group's statistically significant FES-I score was high, and its BBS score was low (p = 0.001/0.001). As expected, the case group's D-dimer measurement was higher than the control group's (p = 0.001). In addition, hemoglobin, platelet, lymphocyte, albumin, total protein, and calcium levels were lower in the case group (p = 0.001 for all levels). No significant difference was found for other parameters.
Conclusions
The scales are used by physical therapy, neurology, and orthopedics professionals to evaluate the geriatric population's physical functional status and fear of falling. We believe prevention and cost-effective treatments for hip fractures can be achieved by determining geriatric patients' hemoglobin, platelet, lymphocyte, albumin, total protein, and calcium levels upon hospital admission and by directing these patients to relevant clinics using the fear-of-falling and balance scales
Fixation of bilateral acetabular fractures using the modified Stoppa approach: Two-year clinical outcomes
No full textObjectives: This study aims to evaluate the two-year clinical results of bilateral acetabular fractures operated via a single incision with the modified Stoppa approach. Patients and methods: Between January 2013 and January 2020, a total of 22 acetabular fractures of 11 patients (7 males, 4 females; mean age: was 42.9±13.7 years; range, 19 to 62 years) who were operated via the modified Stoppa approach were retrospectively analyzed. The medical records were analyzed in terms of time to surgery, fracture patterns, Injury Severity Score (ISS), operation duration, blood loss, reduction quality, perioperative complications and concomitant injuries. Reduction quality was assessed according to Matta’s criteria. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) and modified Merle d’Aubigne score (MDS) were utilized for functional assessment. Results: The mean follow-up was 49±15 (range, 30 to 79) months. The mean ISS was 28.2±7.2. The mean modified MDS was 15.90±1.57. The mean HHS was 84.27±8.85. For both sides, reduction was anatomical-anatomical (63.6%) in seven patients, anatomical-imperfect in three (27.3%) patients, and imperfectpoor in one (9.1%) patient. According to the Kellgren-Lawrence radiological evaluation at 24 months of follow-up bilaterally, Grade 0-1 osteoarthritis was observed in six (54.5%) patients, Grade 1-1 in four (36.4%) patients, and Grade 1-2 osteoarthritis in one (9.1%) patient. Conclusion: The modified Stoppa approach in bilateral acetabular fractures seems to be more preferable than other approaches, as it can be performed with a single incision and provides less bleeding, shorter operation duration, and satisfactory results