10696 research outputs found
Sort by
Southern Aegean Sea Trawl Fishery; Discard Ratio and Mortality of Targeted Species
No full textThis study was conducted between March 2019 and February 2020 in Güllük Bay, southern Aegean Sea. The aim of the study was to determine the fishing mortality rates besides, commercial and discard ratio of Aegean Sea trawl fishery. Samples were obtained from a commercial trawl ship in every month in open season. Length–weight relationships (LWRs) of some discard species, fishing mortality rates of targeted species (Mullus barbatus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)) and discard ratio were determined. Totally, 113 discard species were captured and discard ratios by weight were varied between 36.9% and 63.3% and mean discard ratio was 50.8%. According to minimum landing size (MLS) of targeted species M.barbatus barbatus and P.erythrinus, 82.6% of M.barbatus barbatus and 97.7% P.erythrinus were below MLS in discard. Current fishing mortality (F) of M.barbatus barbatus and P.erythrinus are seriously higher than Fopt and Flim reference points Current exploitation rates (E) of M.barbatus barbatus and P.erythrinus is higher than optimum exploitation rate. Fishing mortality of targeted species should be decreased around safety limits to ensure sustainability. In order to minimize the discard ratio, technical regulations such as using larger mesh sizes are needed to decrease in fishing mortality. Seasonal closure dates for trawl fishery are different in Aegean (15 April-31 August) and Mediterranean (15 April-15 September). This 15 days gap in Mediterranean causes fleet (Mediterranean trawlers) shift to Aegean trawl areas. Therefore, seasonal closure dates should be organized to prevent fishing pressure on Aegean trawl fishing areas. Stock related and discard reduction studies on trawl fishery are needed in Aegean Se
Toplum Kökenli Pnömoni Hastalarının Mortalite Tahmininde Magnezyum Düzeyi
No full textObjective: We aimed to examine the contribution of pneumonia severity index and blood magnesium (Mg) level of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients who received inpatient treatment in our hospital to the mortality of the cases. Materials and Methods: Our study is a retrospective study in which we applied to the emergency department (ED) of our hospital in 2018, with the diagnosis of CAP, and were hospitalized to the wards or intensive care unit (ICU). Results: A total of 279 patients with CAP were enrolled in this study. All-cause mortality on the 28th day of follow-up was 13.6%. There were statistically significant results between the 2 groups (survivors and non-survivors), which were classified based on their 28-day mortality rates, in terms of the Mg, pneumonia severity index (PSI), and confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, age >65 years (CURB-65) values. Moreover, the optimal Mg cut-off for predicting 28-day mortality at the time of ED admission was determined to be 1.90 mg/dL, with 71% sensitivity, 73% specificity, and 73% accuracy. ROC analysis revealed that the areas of Mg under the AUC in terms of 28-day mortality were 0.778. Thirty-eight patients died during the first 28-day period. Of these, 27 (64,2%) had Mg level <1.90 mg/dL. Independent predictors of 28-day mortality rates were determined to be Mg (lower than 1.90 mg/dL), CURB-65, PSI, vasopressor need and stay ICU. Conclusion: Mortality rates increase as the Mg level decreases in CAP patients.Amaç: Bu çalışmada hastanemizde yatarak tedavi gören toplum kökenli pnömoni (TKP) hastalarının pnömoni şiddet skorları ve kan magnezyum (Mg) düzeyinin olguların mortalitesine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız, 2018 yılında hastanemizin acil servisinde TKP tanısı konulan ve servislere veya yoğun bakım ünitesine (YBÜ) yatırdığımız hastaları içeren retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 279 TKP hastası alındı. Takibin 28. gününde tüm nedenlere bağlı mortalite oranı %13,6 idi. Hastaları 28 günlük mortalite durumlarına göre yaşayanlar ve yaşamayanlar olarak iki gruba ayırdığımızda, gruplar arasında Mg düzeyi, pnömoni şiddet indeksi (PSİ) ve konfüzyon, üre, solunum sayısı, kan basıncı, <65 yaş (CURB-65) değeri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardı. Ayrıca acil servise ilk başvuru anında alınan kan tetkikinde çalışılan Mg değeri için cut-off değerini 1,90mg/dL olarak aldığımızda 28 günlük mortalite tahmini için sensitivitesinin %71, spesifitesinin %73, doğruluk oranının %73 olduğu görüldü. Mg ve 28 günlük mortalite için çalışılan ROC analizinde eğri altında kalan alanın 0,778 olduğu tespit edildi. Yirmi sekiz günlük takip boyunca 28 hastanın öldüğü görüldü ve bu hastaların 27’sinin (%64,2) Mg düzeyi 1,90 mg/dL altındaydı. 28 günlük mortalite oranları için bağımsız prediktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan lojistik analizde Mg (1,90 mg/dL’den düşük), CURB-65, PSİ, vazopresör ihtiyacı ve YBÜ’de kalışın bağımsız prediktörler olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: TKP hastalarında Mg seviyesi düştükçe ölüm oranları artmaktadır
Clinical Results of the Use of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation Alone or in Combination with Adjuvant Therapies in Conjunctival Fornix Reconstruction
No full textObjectives: To evaluate the clinical results of amniotic membrane transplantation alone or in combination with adjuvant therapies in conjunctival fornix reconstruction.
The clinical results of patients who presented to our clinic between 2002 and 2016 due to conjunctival fornix obliteration and underwent amniotic membrane transplantation alone or in combination with additional treatments were retrospectively analyzed. The Foster and Mondino classifications were used to grade fornix obliteration. In all cases, the area of conjunctival defect formed after symblepharon lysis was covered with amniotic membrane. In advanced fornix obliteration, amniotic membrane transplantation was combined with 0.04% mitomycin-C (MMC), oral mucosal transplantation, fornix formation (anchoring) sutures, symblepharon ring, eyelid surgery, fibrin glue, and limbal autograft. Deep and scarless restoration of the fornix was considered surgical success.
Results: Twenty-two men and 5 women with a mean age of 45.54±4.17 years were included in the study. The etiology of fornix obliteration was mechanical trauma in 16 cases, chemical burn in 6 cases, recurrent pterygium in 3 cases, thermal burn in 1 case, and recurrent chalazion surgery in 1 case. Indications for amniotic membrane transplantation were socket insufficiency in 12 cases, cosmetic reasons in 4 cases, keratoplasty preparation in 3 cases, ptosis in 3 cases, entropion in 2 cases, strabismus in 2 cases, and diplopia in 1 case. The mean follow-up period was 45.04±8.4 months. Twenty-four of 27 cases (88.8%) were successful, while 3 (12.2%) failed due to recurrence of symblepharon.
Conclusion: Amniotic membrane transplantation is a successful method when used alone in the reconstruction of early-stage conjunctival fornix obliteration and provides safe and effective results in advanced-stage fornix obliteration when performed in combination with topical 0.04% MMC, oral mucosal transplantation, and limbal autograft surgeries
Impact of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass on symptom progression in the early postoperative period in patients with peripheral arterial disease
No full textOBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine whether cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) leads to symptom progression in the early postoperative period in patients with the peripheral arterial disease (PAD) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included one hundred fifty consecutive adult patients with PAD at Fontaine stage 2b (painfree walking distance less than 100 m) undergoing CABG. The control group comprised 150 consecutive adult patients undergoing CABG with a normal ankle-brachial index (ABI). Symptom progression was defined as the development of ischemic rest pain (Fontaine stage 3). RESULTS: In the first week after surgery, 91 of 150 patients (60.6%) had symptom progression in the PAD group. Rest pain resolved in most of these patients on the 15th postoperative day. At the end of the second month, rest pain resolved in all patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that ABI (<0.5), CPB time (≥100 mins), nadir hct levels (≤25 %) on CPB, and postoperative nadir hct levels (<25%) were independently associated with postoperative symptom progression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that cardiac surgery with CPB may lead to symptom progression in patients with severe claudication in the early postoperative period
Short-term protective effect of octreotide on the lungs of rats with experimentally induced sepsis
No full textBACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a devastating complication of severe sepsis. Preclinical models suggest that direct lung injury begins with attack to the lung epithelium, but indirect lung injury results from systemic endothelial damage due to inflammatory mediators. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of octreotide on lungs in a surgically induced sepsis model in rats. METHODS: We used 32 male Sprague Dawley rats and divided into four groups. Group 1: Normal (non-operative and orally fed control, n=8); Group 2: Sham operated (n=8); Group 3: Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) (untreated group, n=8); and Group 4: CLP and 100 mu g/kg octreotide i.p. (n=8). For sepsis, CLP procedure was performed on 16 rats to induce a sepsis model. All groups were analyzed, their blood was taken for arterial blood gas analysis. For histological examination, lung tissues were removed and sections were prepared. RESULTS: In histological examination, if we compare CLP + Octreotide with only CLP group in CLP + Octreotide group decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in alveolar and interstitial area as well as edema, bleeding, when CLP group was compared with oct-reotide group, all histopathological parameters improved significantly and the severity index decreased from 3 to 1. For arterial blood gas, when CLP and octreotide groups were compared with CLP group, it was observed that there was a significant change in favor of healing and that they almost came up to controls and sham group. CONCLUSION: It could be hypothesized that it would be beneficial to administer octreotide for ameliorate lung injury state in sepsis patients
Performance evaluation of fiber-reinforced concrete produced with steel fibers extracted from waste tire
No full textWith the increasing number of vehicles in the world, the amount of waste tires is increasing day by day. In this case, the disposal of expired tires will cause serious environmental problems. In recent years, instead of disposing of tire wastes, most of them have been started to be recycled to produce fiber-reinforced concrete. Thus, steel fibers recovered from waste tires have been preferred as an alternative to industrial steel fibers due to their environmentally friendly and low-cost advantages. In this study, an experimental study was carried out to explore the effect of fiber content on the fresh and hardened state of the concrete. To achieve this goal, compression, splitting tensile, and flexure tests were carried out to observe the performance of the concrete with tire-recycled steel fibers with the ratios of 1%, 2% and 3%. There is an improvement in the mechanical properties of the concrete with the increase of the volume fraction of the steel fiber. However, a significant reduction in workability was observed after the addition of 2% steel fibers. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize 2% tire-recycled steel fibers in practical applications. Furthermore, experimental results of concrete with tire-recycled steel fibers were collected from the literature and empirical equations based on these results were developed in order to predict the compressive and splitting tensile strengths
Length weight relationships of coleoid cephalopods from the eastern Mediterranean
No full textLength-weight relationship (LWR) studies have been widely conducted for fish. They are important because they provide information about the growth of the fish, its general wellbeing, and fitness in a marine habitat. In comparison, relatively few LWR studies have been conducted on cephalopods. A total of 13,474 specimens belonging to 28 cephalopod species was investigated to define their length-weight relationship status and Fulton's condition factors, and compared with previous studies to evaluate life history traits and test comparability of LWR values. Isometry was found in 8 species including 2 teuthids, 2 sepiids and 4 octopods, and positive allometry was found in 2 squid species. Other species showed negative allometry. Four orders of the class Cephalopoda distributed in the Mediterranean Sea were also compared in respect of their coefficient b values, and a clear distinction was found between the orders reflecting their characteristic body types and thus lifestyles. Coefficient b values of mature animals were found lower than that of maturing ones that reflects growth of semelparous cephalopods stops or at least slows down when they reach maturity. Some extreme condition factor values were calculated for especially octopods that one of them reached to 140.91 in a deep-sea octopus Pteroctopus tetracirrhus. It suggests that there are many factors that might affect the calculations. Some of them were: different body structure and growth type in cephalopods than that of fish, different length measurement method applied in cephalopods, different body parts that might have different growth rates, and preservation methods that could affect the body shape and weight in soft bodied animals
Determination of wood characteristics of Pinus brutia Ten. infested with Marchalina hellenica Genn.
No full textThe aim of this study was to examine the chemical, anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties of Marchalina hellenica Genn.-infested Pinus brutia Ten. wood. Studies were carried out on wood samples taken from uninfested trees, those with low M. hellenica infestation, and those with high infestation. In the P. brutia wood heavily infested with M. hellenica, statistically significant decreases were found in the holocellulose and α-cellulose ratios, the tracheid number in latewood, the growth ring width in earlywood and latewood, and the density and strength values. However, the density and strength values of the P. brutia wood samples that were not infested and those with low M. hellenica infestation did not statistically differ from one another
RETİNOPATİ BULGUSU OLMAYAN TİP 2 DİYABETLİ HASTALARDA RETİNAL MİKROVASKÜLER FARKLILIKLAR: OPTİK KOHERANS TOMOGRAFİ ANJİOGRAFİ ÇALIŞMASI
No full textObjective We aimed to determine early microvascular changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without clinically apparent retinopathy by optical coherence tomography angiography. Material and Methods 80 eyes of patients with diabetes mellitus and without clinically apparent retinopathy, and 80 eyes of age and sex-matched healthy participants were included in this observational case-control study. Vessel density in superficial and deep retinal vessel plexus, foveal avascular zone area, and choriocapillaris flow area in a macular 6.00 × 6.00 mm scan size were evaluated and compared. Results The groups were similar for age and gender (p=0.971 and p=1.000, respectively). The mean duration of diabetes was 10.38±6.31 years (range, 1-25 years) in the study group. Choriocapillaris flow area was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (p<0.001). Vessel density in the deep retinal plexus was markedly lower in the study group in all quadrants except the fovea (p<0.001). Parafoveal vessel density in superficial retinal plexus was markedly reduced in the study group (p=0.013). The mean foveal avascular zone area was similar in the two groups. Conclusion Optical coherence tomography angiography can detect early microvascular changes in diabetic patients without clinically apparent retinopathyAmaç
Bu çalışmada, klinik olarak tespit edilebilen diyabetik retinopati bulgusu olmayan tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda optik koherans tomografi anjiyografi ile mikrovasküler değişimlerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışma gözlemsel, olgu-kontrol çalışma olarak planlanmıştır. Klinik olarak tespit edilebilen retinopatisi olmayan (Dilate fundus muayenesinde ve fundus fluoresein anjiyografide) 40 tip 2 diyabet hastasının 80 gözü çalışma grubu olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaş ve cinsiyet açısından benzer 40 sağlıklı hastanın 80 sağlam
gözü kontrol grubu olarak seçilmiştir. Bütün hastalara tam oftalmolojik muayene sonrası makula merkezli
6x6 mm büyüklüğünde optik koherens tomografi anjiyografi çekimleri yapılmıştır. Derin ve yüzeyel kapiller
ağlarda vasküler yoğunluk, foveal avasküler alan, koryokapiller akım alanı parametreleri kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular
Yaş ve cinsiyet açısından gruplar arasında fark saptanmamıştır (p=0.971 ve p=1.000; sırasıyla). Ortalama
diyabet süresi 10.38±6.31 yıl (1-25 yıl aralığında) olarak bulunmuştur. Koryokapiller akım alanı çalışma grubunda anlamlı olarak düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Derin kapiller ağdaki vasküler yoğunluk, fovea dışındaki tüm kadranlarda çalışma grubunda düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.001).Yüzeyel kapiller ağdaki vasküler yoğunluk, parafoveal kadranda çalışma grubunda anlamlı olarak düşük saptanmıştır (p=0.013).
İki grup arasıda foveal avasküler alan açısından fark saptanmamıştır.
Sonuç
Klinik olarak retinopati bulgusu saptanamayan tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda erken dönem vasküler değişimler optik koherans tomografi anjiyografi ile saptanabilir
Melatonin is effective in attenuating cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity
No full textCisplatin (Cis) is a chemotherapeutic agent that has many side effects. Neurotoxicity is one of the most important of these side effects. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the best-known mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurotoxicity development. In this study, we aimed to determine whether melatonin (Mel), with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, is effective in preventing Cis-induced neurotoxicity. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 8) as follows: control (0.9% NaCl), vehicle (5% ethanol), Cis (6 mg/kg), Cis (6 mg/kg) + vehicle (5% ethanol), Mel (20 mg/kg), and Cis (6 mg/kg) + Mel (20 mg/kg) groups. Cis was administered as a single dose on the 3rd day of the experiment while Mel was given for 5 days. All administrations were performed via intraperitoneal injection. After injections, T-maze, rotarod, and hot plate tests were performed to evaluate cognitive, motor, and sensory functions, respectively. Following sacrification oxidative stress markers, cholinergic function, and proinflammatory cytokines were studied from brain homogenates. Cis impaired cognitive function and motor performance in the Cis and Cis+Vehicle groups. The drug also increased oxidative stress in the brain. Mel significantly improved brain oxidant/antioxidant status and also decreased the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines (superoxide dismutase activities in Cis+Vehicle and Cis+Mel groups: 104.55 +/- 9.50 mu U/mg protein vs. 150.13 +/- 4.70 mu U/mg protein, respectively, p < 0.05; tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in Cis and Cis+Mel groups: 40 pg/ml vs. 20 pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.05). It seems that Mel can improve Cis neurotoxicity. For a more firm conclusion, further studies using Mel at different doses with larger groups should be performed