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Biological Control of Penicillium on Lemon Fruits by Essential Oils of Satureja Species
No full textEssential oils obtained from stem plus leaves of six Satureja species (Satureja cilicica, Satureja cuneifolia, Satureja hortensis, Satureja montana, Satureja spicigera, and Satureja thymbra) were tested for their toxicity against nine Penicillium species (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium sp. 1, Penicillium sp. 2, Penicillium sp. 3, Penicillium sp. 4, and Penicillium sp. 5). All essential oils showed toxicity on nine Penicillium species when applied using three different methods. For this reason, 10, 20, and 30 mu l of essential oils were further evaluated via three different methods: 1) mixed with a medium, 2) evaporation effect, and 3) evaporation effects of oil on packaged lemon fruits. The oils showed inhibitory effects against the growth of Penicillium species at all three concentrations: about 24.10-100% in the mixed (contact phase) and 60.37-100% in the evaporation method. For contact phase and evaporation, the oils of S. cilicica (100%), S. cuneifolia (100%), S. hortensis (100%), S. montana (100%), S. spicigera (100%), and S. thymbra (100%) showed a high level of inhibition. According to the data from this research, essential oils of six Satureja species have the potential to effectively control (inhibit growth) saprophytic fungi such as Penicillium species that infect citrus fruits
Molecular Descriptors on Line Graphs of Cactus Chains and Rooted Products Graphs
No full textThe application of graph theory in the study of molecular physical and chemical properties involves theoretical mathematical chemistry. Atoms, represented by vertices, and edges, represented by bonds between them, are detailed in simple graphs called chemical graphs. The mathematical derivation of the numerical value of a graph is called the molecular descriptor of the graph. Any connected graph wherein no edge is contained in exclusive of a single cycle is called a cactus graph. In the research in this article, expressions for various molecular descriptors of line graph of the graph obtained by the rooted product of the cycle and path graphs are constructed. This article obtained the calculation of molecular descriptors for line graphs of chain ortho cactus and chain para cactus graphs. To predict the biological activity of a compound, the generalized Zagreb index, the first Zagreb index M-1(G), the second Zagreb index M-2(G), the F-index, the general Randic index, the symmetric division, the atom bond connectivity (ABC), and the geometric arithmetic (GA) descriptors are created
Ultra-Trace Determination of Arsenic by Platinum-Coated Tungsten Coil Hydride Generation (HG) Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)
No full textA simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of ultra-trace arsenic (III) is reported based on in situ trapping and revolatilization on a platinum (Pt) coated tungsten (W) coil atom trap. First, the analyte species in vapor form were transported by a mixture of Ar and H-2 and trapped on the Pt-coated W-coil heated at 60 degrees C. Next, in the releasing step, the trap was resistively heated to 950 degrees C; the analyte species are revolatilized and transported to the quartz tube atomizer. The NaBH4 concentration, NaOH concentration, HCl concentration, trapping and releasing temperature, trapping time, and hydrogen and argon gas flow rates were optimized. Using these conditions, a limit of detection of 16 ng L-1 was obtained. The precision was evaluated by relative standard deviation corresponding to 4.8% at 1.0 mu g L-1 (n = 11). The surface of the W-coil trap was coated with Pt using electrolytic deposition. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X- ray (SEM-EDX) analyses were performed to control the surface morphology of the trap. The same trap may be used for at least 350 atomization cycles without losing sensitivity. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing NIST CRM 1640a (Trace Elements in Natural Water), EnviroMAT (Drinking water), and CRM-023 (Sandy Loam 7) certified reference materials. The measurements of the certified reference materials were in good agreement with the certified values at the 95% confidence level. The developed method was applied to the determination of As in drinking water samples from Mugla province
Beklenmeyen Ani Çocuk Ölümü ile Sonuçlanmış Sıra Dışı Bir Klinik Başvurusu Olan Bir Papiller Fibroelastom Olgusu
No full textPapillary fibroelastoma is one of the rare benign cardiac tumors; that stays asymptomatic and is usually found unintentionally during routine transthoracal and/or transesophageal echocardiographic (EKO) examinations. Papillary fibroelastomas arising from the left car- diac valves may usually cause systemic embolism and the right sided papillary fibroelastomas may cause recurrent pulmonary embolism. Papillary fibroelastomas arising from the aortic valves may cause coro- nary embolism that leads to myocardial infarction and sudden death. We present in this case study a sudden and unexpected death of a child who ate pears after dinner, fainted, started vomiting and died suddenly and unexpectedly despite all medical interventions. The case was taken to Muğla State Hospital by her family; but lost her life despite all med- ical interventions. In the autopsy of the case performed with the suspi- cion of intoxication the papillary fibroelastoma of the mitral valve was detected in the autopsy and concluded as a cause of death.Papiller fibroelastom nadir görülen benign kardiyak tümörler- dendir. Papiller fibroelastoma, asemptomatik bir seyir izlemekte ve ge- nellikle rastlantısal olarak rutin transtorakal ve/veya transözafagial ekokardiyografik (EKO) incelemede saptanmaktadır. Sol kalp kapak- larındaki papiller fibroelastomlar sistemik embolilere, sağ taraflı pa- piller fibroelastomlar ise tekrarlayan pulmoner embolilere neden olabilmektedir. Aortik kapak kaynaklı papiller fibroelastomlar koroner embolilere sebep olarak myokardiyal enfarkt ve ani ölümlere sebep ola- bilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, akşam yemeğinden sonra armut yiyen, ardından bayılan, kusmaya başlayan ve ani ve beklenmedik şekilde ölen bir çocuk olguyu sunuyoruz. Olgu ailesi tarafından Muğla Devlet Has- tanesine götürülmüş; ancak yapılan tıbbi müdahaleye rağmen hayatını kaybetmiştir. Olgunun entoksikasyon şüphesi ile yapılan otopsisinde mitral kapağın papiller fibroelastomu saptanmıştır ve ölümün nedeni olduğu düşünülmüştir
Chemical Composition and Androgenic Effect of Bee Drone Larvae (Apilarnil) for Goat Male Kids
No full textPresent study aimed to establish the stimulatory effects of bee drone larvae (BDL) on the androgenic effects and growth performance of goat male kids (GMK). The effects of BDL on growth and testosterone hormone levels were investigated in Saanen male kids. A total of 26 Saanen male kids (13 heads control, 13 heads treatment groups) were used for determining the effects of BDL 60 days after the weaning period. BDL was obtained from "good beekeeping practices" hives. Hormone levels, growth trials, testes characteristics, and body measurements were determined every 14 days on the days 75, 90, 105, 120, and 135 of the trial. The increasing level of testosterone hormone in the treatment group on 135 days strengthened the hypothesis that the BDL could have greater effects in the case of more application that is expensive and considering the time of maturity of Saanen GMK. The lipid composition of BDL was identified by GC/MS. Oleic acid (64.75 %) and palmitic acid (26.08 %) were the dominant lipid compounds of BDL. Additionally, the phenolic/organic acid profile investigated by HPLC-DAD revealed that trans-aconitic acid (11.20 +/- 0.32 mu g/g) and fumaric acid (5.03 +/- 0.41 mu g/g) were found as major compounds in BDL
Can the development of lung fibrosis be prevented after COVID-19 infection?
No full textLetter to Edito
Comparative evaluation of cyclic fatique resistance of three different nickel-titanium rotary instruments at body temperature
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç farklı nikel-titanyum (Ni-Ti) döner eğe sisteminin vücut ısısındaki döngüsel
yorgunluk dirençlerinin karşılaştırılmalı olarak değerlendirilmesidir.
Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, üç farklı Ni-Ti döner eğe sisteminden (ProTaper Universal-PU, Twisted File-TF, One Curve-OC) toplam 90 adet kanal eğesi kullanıldı. Tüm eğe grupları kanal içi sıcaklığında (35 °C), 60° eğime sahip suni kanallarda döngüsel yorgunluk direnci açısından test edildi. Sıcaklık, deney boyunca bir su altı ter- mometresi ve bir termostat ile kontrol edildi. Kırılıncaya kadar geçen süre ve tur sayısı hesaplandı. Elde edilen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak SPSS 23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) paket programı ile analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Eğe tipleri içerisinde, en yüksek döngüsel yorgunluk direnci OC eğelerinde (1072,327 158,272), en düşük direnç de PU eğelerinde (439,798 129,942) görüldü.
Sonuç: Bu sonuçlara göre, eğimli kanallarda döngüsel yorgunluk direncinin daha yüksek olması ve kırık kısmın uzunluğunun daha fazla olması gibi avantajları sayesinde One Curve eğe sisteminin kullanımı daha avantajlı olabilir
Identification of sensor location and link flow reconstruction using turn ratio and flow sensors in an arterial network
No full textIn this article, a quadratic programming problem is considered to identify all link flows in an arterial network when there are unmeasured link flows. A graphical method is provided to determine the minimum number of measurements and sensor locations required to obtain a fully observable model. It is shown that this method is also valid for the augmented graph with turn ratio measurements. If the minimum measurements required are met, a fully determined network can be obtained. If there is not enough measurement, a bound on the magnitude of the resulting inaccuracy in terms of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) can be calculated by the proposed linear programming method. The model is that of a queueing network; the parameters describe network geometry, saturation flow rates, turning ratios, timing plan and link flows. Three case studies are conducted to validate this approach. The first two cases are to calculate all missing flows by using a few numbers of measurements and minimum number of measurements required, respectively. Upper and lower bounds in terms of VKT are also calculated for these cases. Third case is to obtain a fully determined network with the minimum number of flow measurements when turn ratio sensors are included. Real measurements are collected from a network in Mugla including 55 links and 16 intersections. Vissim simulator is used to analyze the accuracy of the link flow calculations obtained from the proposed method. The results show that the proposed programming method can calculate the missing flows with a high accuracy and short computation time
CHARACTERISTICS AND SURVIVAL RESULTS OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM COVID-19 IN TURKEY: A MULTICENTER NATIONAL STUDY
No full textBackground: We aimed to study the characteristics of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), determine the short-term mortality and other medical complications, and delineate the factors associated with COVID-19 outcome.Methods: In this multicenter national study, we included PD patients with confirmed COVID-19 from 27 centers. The baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data and outcomes at the end of the first month were recorded.Results: We enrolled 142 COVID-19 patients (median age:52 years). 58.2% of patients had mild disease at diagnosis. Lung involvement was detected in 60.8% of patients. 83 (58.4%) patients were hospitalized, 31 (21.8%) patients were admitted to intensive care unit and 24 needed mechanical ventilation. 15 (10.5%) patients were switched to hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration was performed for four (2.8%) patients. Persisting pulmonary symptoms (n=27), lower respiratory system infection (n=12), rehospitalization for any reason (n=24), malnutrition (n=6), hypervolemia (n=13), peritonitis (n=7), ultrafiltration failure (n=7) and in PD modality change (n=8) were reported in survivors. 26 patients (18.31%) died in the first month of diagnosis. The non-survivor group was older, comorbidities were more prevalent. Fever, dyspnea, cough, serious-vital disease at presentation, bilateral pulmonary involvement, and pleural effusion were more frequent among non-survivors. Age (OR:1.102; 95%CI: 1.032-1.117; p: 0.004), moderate-severe clinical disease at presentation (OR:26.825; 95%CI: 4.578-157.172; p<0.001) and baseline CRP (OR:1.008; 95%CI; 1.000-1.016; p:0.040) were associated with first-month mortality in multivariate analysis.Conclusions: Early mortality rate and medical complications are quite high in PD patients with COVID-19. Age, clinical severity of COVID-19, and baseline CRP level are the independent parameters associated with mortality
Isolation and identification of compounds from truffle Reddellomyces westraliensis and their antioxidant, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activities
No full textTruffles have become one of the world's most important mushrooms owing to their distinctive features. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on Reddellomyces westraliensis in terms of isolation and identification of compounds and screening versatile bioactivities. Chromatographic studies on R. westraliensis enabled to isolate brassicasterol (1), ergosta-7,9,22-trien-3β-ol (2), ergosterol peroxide (3), adenosine (4), D-ribitol (5), fumaric acid (6) and mannitol (7). The structures of the compounds were verified by IR, NMR, MS techniques. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and cholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were assessed. The methanol was the suitable extraction solvent high content of phenolic compound (18.94 ± 0.18 μg PEs/mg extract). Compound 4 showed higher DPPH• (IC50: 8.38 ± 0.40 µg/mL) and ABTS•+ (IC50: 6.74 ± 0.22 µg/mL) scavenging activity than α-tocopherol and BHA. Compound 3 was observed as a potent inhibitor against AChE (34.03 ± 0.13 %), α-amylase (34.28 ± 0.36 %) and BChE (66.31 ± 0.08 %). Compounds 1 (IC50: 5.85 ± 0.16 µg/mL) and 3 (IC50: 6.98 ± 0.24 µg/mL) indicated higher urease inhibitory activity than thiourea (IC50: 7.87 ± 0.18 µg/mL). Compounds 4 (9.61 ± 0.92 %) and 7 (21.56 ± 0.74 %) indicated higher α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited the best cytotoxicity against H1299 (IC50: 38.62 ± 0.46 µg/mL) and MCF-7 (IC50: 24.93 ± 0.80 µg/mL). HPLC-DAD analysis exhibited the existence of fumaric acid (27.20 ± 0.06 µg/g) as the major compound. This study revealed that R. westraliensis can be approved as antioxidant, cytotoxic, and enzyme inhibitor sources in conjunction with its varied bioactive compounds