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Development of a Smart Signalization for Emergency Vehicles
No full textAs the population increases, the number of motorized vehicles on the roads also increases. As the number of vehicles increases, traffic congestion occurs. Traffic lights are used at road junctions, intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other places where traffic needs to be controlled to avoid traffic chaos. Due to traffic lights installed in the city, queues of vehicles are formed on the streets for most of the day, and many problems arise because of this. One of the most important problems is that emergency vehicles, such as ambulances, fire engines, police cars, etc., cannot arrive on time despite traffic priorities. Emergency vehicles such as hospitals and police departments need to reach the scene in a very short time. Time loss is a problem that needs to be addressed, especially for emergency vehicles traveling in traffic. In this study, ambulances, fire brigades, police, etc., respond to emergencies. A solution and a related application have been developed so privileged vehicles can reach their target destination as soon as possible. In this study, a route is determined between the current location of an emergency vehicle and its target location in an emergency. Communication between traffic lights is provided with a mobile application developed specifically for the vehicle driver. In this process, the person controlling the lights can turn on the traffic lights during the passage of vehicles. After the vehicles with priority to pass passed, traffic signaling was normalized via the mobile application. This process was repeated until the vehicle reached its destination
Menopoz Sonrası Kadınlarda Bifosfonat Kullanımı Sonrası Tamamlanmamış Atipik Femur Kırıklarının Tahmini için Makine Öğrenmesi Modellerinin Karşılaştırılması
No full textObjective: Long-term use of bisphosphonates (BP) for treating osteoporosis may cause incomplete atypical femoral fracture. In this study, we compared the classification and risk estimation of incomplete atypical femoral fractures, which is an alternative approach to clinical risk assessment.Materials and Methods: A data set was randomly selected from women using postmenopausal BP. We identified a class imbalance problem in the population and created a balanced structure using the density-based synthetic minority over-sampling technique. We compared machine learning algorithms and conducted a case study.Results: We solved the class imbalance problem with the density-based synthetic minority over-sampling technique and found that the random forest and adaboost methods achieved the highest performance in the classification step.Conclusion: It is recommended to apply resampling methods in cases where there is an unbalanced class problem such as incomplete atypical femoral fracture. Ensemble methods perform better than traditional methods in this study.Amaç: Bifosfonatların (BP) osteoporoz tedavisinde uzun süreli kullanımı tam olmayan atipik femur kırığına neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada, tamamlanmamış atipik femur kırıklarının sınıflandırılması ve risk tahmini için gelişmiş makine öğrenimi modellerinin performansını karşılaştırmayı amaçlanmaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Veri seti, menopoz sonrası BP kullanan kadınların rastgele bir alt kümesini içerir. Popülasyonda bir sınıf dengesizliği sorunu belirledik ve yoğunluğa dayalı sentetik azınlık aşırı örnekleme tekniği kullanarak dengeli bir yapı oluşturduk.
Makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarını karşılaştırdık ve bir olgu çalışması gerçekleştirdik.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, geleneksel lojistik regresyon yaklaşımını birkaç gelişmiş topluluk öğrenme yöntemiyle karşılaştırılmıştır verastgele orman ve Adaboost yöntemlerinin en iyi tahmin performansını elde ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, atipik femur kırığını tahmin etmek için tekrarlanabilir bir makine öğrenimi iş akışı gösterilmiştir. Gelişmiş tahmine dayalı modeller, geleneksel modellerle karşılaştırılmış ve bunların geleneksel modellerden daha iyi performans gösterdiğini gösterilmişti
Network Real Time Kinematic (CORS-FKP Method) Accuracy in/Under Forest Area
No full textThe use of Global navigation satellite system (GNSS), (geolocation and navigation system) in/under forestry is increasingly being established, especially in the areas of logistics, inventory and measurements. However, the uninitialized forest user assumes that GNSS will always work with the same accuracy everywhere, while the more critical foresters assume that GNSS will probably not work properly in/under the forest. A criterion is often used to evaluate the performance of a GNSS receiver in an obstructed environment. Due to tree canopy in a forest, GNSS performance can be limited, disturbed or completely prevented. The Real Time Kinematics (RTK) approach can provide centimetre-level accuracy in a suitable environment. A more accurate and stable positioning technique was first proposed in the mid-1990s by meticulously modelling all fault components based on a known reference network called the Network Based RTK (NRTK) technique. Since then, several methods have been developed and implemented in practice, such as the Virtual Reference Station (VRS), the Flächen Korrektur Parameter (FKP) and the Master-Auxiliary Concept (MAC), which are fundamentally similar approaches. The purpose of all studies for this paper was to evaluate the achievable accuracy of the Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS)-FKP in the project area and check the results. The CORS-FKP results show that the solution for the forest area was reached at cm level (±10-15 cm) for horizontal accuracy
Investigation of Motor Activity, Movement Kinematics and Forward-Backwards Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy
No full textOur aim in this study was to examine relationships between the motor activity ability, sensor-based kinematics and forward-backwards gait characteristics of children with cerebral palsy (CP). In this prospective cross-sectional study we studied 40 children with CP. We used the Pediatric Motor Activity Log Revised (PMAL-R) to assess motor activity, evaluated motion kinematics (acceleration and angular velocity) with a sensor-based application, applied the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) to observe gait performance, and used the Three Meter Backward Walk Test (3MBWT) to assess backward gait. We found moderately positive significant correlations (r1 = 0.416, r2 = 0.418, p < 0.05) between the chilidren's minimum angular velocity on PMAL-R motor activity frequency (how often) and quality (how well) scores, respectively. We also found moderately negative significant correlations (r1 = −0.529, r2 = −0.521, p < 0.05) between PMAL-R frequency (how often) and quality (how well) scores with TUG, respectively. There were moderately high positive correlations (r1 = 0.415, r2 = 0.726, p < 0.05) between EVGS scores and 3MBWT and TUG scores, respectively. We concluded that angular velocity ability was moderately related to children’s motor activity and showed that physical performance tests (TUG and 3MBWT) could monitor gait function and upper extremity motor activity level, including both forward and backward walking tasks, in children with CP
Economic Operation of a Multi-Energy System Considering the Impacts of Micro-Mobility
No full textThe increasing and uncontrolled demand for energy has led to the emergence of a multi-energy system (MES), which is a promising and efficient way of providing multiple energy services to end-users, such as electricity, heating and cooling. The determination of the optimal MES configuration involves a comprehensive assessment of the entire system, including its various components, load demands, and energy prices. This study focuses on an MES that comprises renewable energy sources (RESs), heat pumps (HPs), combined heat and power units (CHPs), community energy storage (CES), micro-mobility such as electric scooters (e-scooters), and multi-energy demands. To optimize the economic operation of the considered MES, several factors need to be taken into account, especially for considering the impacts of micro-mobility. The target of the study is to maximize the efficiency of the system and minimize the operation costs when the load demands are met. The study also evaluates the optimal operation of the MES, taking the time-of-use (TOU) and non-TOU electricity tariff into account and considering the relevant constraints throughout the operation horizon. Additionally, the economic and charging impacts of e-scooters are evaluated on the system. The proposed optimization algorithm is conducted for different case studies and based on the findings, the simulation results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the system
Beyond Complete Blood Cell Count Parameters Factors Predicting Severity in Children With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
No full textLetter to edito
Effect of Rhizobacteria On Drought Stress Tolerance of Tomato Plants at Vegetative and Fruiting Growth Stages
No full textThis study including two successive experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of native rhizobacteria (RB) strains on drought tolerance of tomato plants at the vegetative and fruiting growth stages. The first experiment was conducted in the growth room by growing plants in nutrient solution under polyethylene glycol induced drought stress, which initiated 7 days after planting and lasted 8 days by increasing the osmotic stress gradually every 48 h from Ψs = −0.25 to −1.00 MPa. Among the 12 RB tested, RB isolates 113 (Bacillus megaterium isolate NUC) and 377 (Bacillus cereus strain BBS7) were selected according to principal component analysis for testing in long term plant production. The second experiment was conducted in the greenhouse by growing plants in perlite filled pots for 128 days after transplanting. Irrigation was based on the water consumption of the plants, and the plants were irrigated to cover well-watered (100% FC) or drought (50% FC) of this amount. For both experiments, seeds were inoculated with the RB strains before sowing. RB inoculation increased plant growth, leaf pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activities and ascorbic acid level, but reduced malondialdehyde levels in tomato plants under drought stress. The marketable yield was increased 8.7 and 10.6% in the absence of water stress, and 70.2 and 59.9% under water stress by RB 113 and RB 377, respectively
Comparison of the blood gas analyser Edan i15 Vet with the blood gas analyser Gem Premier 3000 for the analysis of blood gases, electrolytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit in lactating Holsteins
No full textA point-of-care blood gas analyser, Edan i15 Vet (EDAN), was compared with a benchtop blood gas analyser, GEM Premier 3000 (GEM). GEM and EDAN were used to analyse whole blood from 123 lactating Holsteins within one month of calving for blood gases, electrolytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin. EDAN and GEM showed significant linear correlations for blood gases, electrolytes, Hct and Hb. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) of intercept in Passing-Bablok regressions included zero in pCO2, bicarbonate, TCO2, BE ecf, BE B, hematocrit, and pH, but not for Na+, K+, pO2 and sO2. The CI of the slope included 1.0 for Na+, K+, pCO2, bicarbonate, TCO2, BE ecf, BE B, hematocrit, and pH, but not for pO2, sO2, and hemoglobin. The Bland-Altman plots between EDAN and GEM showed a bias of 1.4% for Na+, 2.4% for K+, -1.6% for pCO2, 3.0% for pO2, -5.3% for bicarbonate, 2.8% for SO2, -7.3% for TCO2, 10.4% for Hct, 21.2% for Hb, -25.1% for BE B and -38.5% for BE ecf. The biases in the analysis of certain estimated parameters were much higher (> 5%) than for measured parameters except for Hct. Parity did not correlate with blood gas parameters but blood pH correlated negatively with K+, pCO2 and positively with pO2, TCO2, sO2, bicarbonate, BE ecf and BE B. The postpartum time correlated positively with pCO2, TCO2, BE and bicarbonate and negatively with Hct and Hb values. Reference values (2.5-97.5% quartiles) were determined for each parameter. Conclusively, EDAN can be used interchangeably with GEM for the analysis of blood pH, K+, pCO2 and HCO3- as they show acceptable moderate agreement. However, they did not agree for other parameters such as TCO2, BE ecf, BE B, Hb, Hct, sO2, Na+, and pO2, therefore, reference values for each parameter were set for GEM and EDAN
Comparison of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of bovine adipose tissue and bone marrow derived stem cells
No full textBone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) are the most utilized cell type in the field of bone regeneration. Although BMSC are both safe and efficacious, the search for alternative sources for stem cells continues. We investigated bovine BMSC and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATSC) using immunofluorescence and PCR. We further compared the osteogenic differentiation potentials of both sources of stem cells. We assessed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme levels and calcium deposition in differentiating cells at days 7, 14 and 21 to compare the osteogenic differentiation capability of both cell types. We found that ATSC expressed significantly higher ALP levels compared to BMSC throughout osteogenic differentiation. Calcium deposition was greater in ATSC than BMSC at days 7 and 14. By the end of day 21, BMSC produced greater calcium deposition. We found that ATSC undergo osteogenic differentiation more rapidly than BMSC, but BMSC provide greater mineralization over longer periods
Keeping Up With Modern Warfare Technologies: Ottoman Military Personnel Sent Abroad for Light Weapons Production Technologies Training (1834-1918)
No full textIn the Ottoman Empire, the idea of sending students abroad for education first came to the fore in the first half of the eighteenth century. The plan, which was able to be implemented in the second half of the same century, became state policy in the nineteenth century. Especially after the beginning of the process called the Tanzimat Era, many Ottoman students began to be sent to the leading states of Europe to study in the field of science and technology. However, at this time, not only the students of modern Ottoman educational institutions, but also military personnel, who were targeted to supervise the production process in state-owned workshops and factories, and Ottoman workers, who were to be employed as qualified personnel in this sector, were also sent to travel to Europe in order to increase their knowledge and skills in technical matters. Many independent studies have been carried out on Ottoman students who were sent abroad for both theoretical education and vocational and technical education. However, in these studies, Ottoman military personnel who were sent abroad to learn modern weapon technologies were almost never mentioned. This article aims to illuminate the educational processes of Ottoman military personnel in Europe, who were expected to learn modern light weapons production techniques in the nineteenth century, when weapon technologies changed greatly in Europe. They were also expected to produce such weapons in Ottoman weapon factories and to supervise the production. This article was written to examine the results of this important Ottoman project, which was undertaken with the aim of minimizing foreign dependency in the production and supply of modern weapons