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Electro-Nano Diagnostic Platform Based on Antibody-Antigen Interaction: An Electrochemical Immunosensor for Influenza A Virus Detection
No full textH1N1 is a kind of influenza A virus that causes serious health issues throughout the world. Its symptoms are more serious than seasonal flu and can sometimes be lethal. For this reason, rapid, accurate, and effective diagnostic tests are needed. In this study, an electrochemical immunosensor for the sensitive, selective, and practical detection of the H1N1 virus was developed. The sensor platform included multi-walled carbon nanotube gold-platinum (MWCNT-Au-Pt) hybrid nanomaterial and anti-hemagglutinin (anti-H1) monoclonal antibody. For the construction of this biosensor, a gold screen-printed electrode (AuSPE) was used as a transducer. Firstly, AuSPE was modified with MWCNT-Au-Pt hybrid nanomaterial via drop casting. Anti-H1 antibody was immobilized onto the electrode surface after the modification process with cysteamine was applied. Then, the effect of the interaction time with cysteamine for surface modification was investigated. Following that, the experimental parameters, such as the amount of hybrid nanomaterial and the concentration of anti-H1 were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the analytical characteristics of the developed electrochemical immunosensor were investigated for the H1N1 virus by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As a result, a linear range was obtained between 2.5-25.0 µg/mL with a limit of the detection value of 3.54 µg/mL. The relative standard deviation value for 20 µg/mL of the H1N1 virus was also calculated and found as 0.45% (n = 3). In order to determine the selectivity of the developed anti-H1-based electrochemical influenza A immunosensor, the response of this system towards the H3N2 virus was investigated. The matrix effect was also investigated by using synthetic saliva supplemented with H1N1 virus
On the Relationship Between Leader-Member Exchange and Employees' Turnover Intentions: Examination of Mediation Role of Trust in Leader
No full textAs the most important determinant of turnover behaviors, an employee's intention to leave his/her job stands out as one of the strongest predictors of that employee's actual turnover behavior. Economic opportunities, personal and work-related factors can play an important role in employees' intention to leave. Moreover, it is suggested in the literature that dyadic relationships between employees and their managers (i.e. leaders) are one of the important factors affecting that turnover intention. Although there are studies focusing on the relationship between leader-member exchange and turnover intention in the current literature, there is a need to explain how this relationship between leader-member exchange and turnover intention emerges, together with the related theoretical mechanisms. Considering that trust is an important factor determining the quality of relationships between managers and employees, it is however quite surprising that among studies in the existing literature investigating the ways how the quality of leader-member interactions affects employees' turnover intentions, there is no study that examines trust in the leader as a mediating mechanism. In this context, the current study examines the mediating effect of trust in leader in order to draw a clear picture of the relationship between the quality of leader-member interaction and the employee's intention to leave. This study makes use of social exchange and leader-member exchange theories to draw a clearer picture of this relationship. In order to test the hypothesis of the research, the data collected from 217 participants working in various hotels operating in Mugla province and carrying out different tasks were analyzed. In the analysis of the data collected by the survey method, PROCESS macro for SPSS/SAS developed by Hayes and regression analyses were used, so that direct and indirect effects were calculated. The findings of the study confirm that trust in leader mediates the relationship between leader-member exchange quality and employee turnover intention. In addition to its theoretical contribution that can fill the gap in the relevant literature, it is thought that the findings of this study may also help to retain the qualified workforce in the hospitality sector in the practical context
Nezaket ve batılılaşmanın izini Gurur ve Önyargı ve Aşk-ı Memnu’daki karakterlerin performanslarında sürme
No full textThis study investigates the transition of Western culture into the late Ottoman society and the traces of westernisation through cultural performances and performances of culture in private and public life. Since the concept of civility in English culture appears to be compatible with westernisation in late Ottoman culture, this study discusses how these concepts were digested in the two societies and how they were transformed into real-life performances. An in-depth comparative analysis of the performances of the characters in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil's Aşk-ı Memnu (1900) points out the analogy between the socio-cultural lives of societies and sheds light on how structured cultural performances move from one society to another. Even the habits and daily routines of members of the communities in private or public spheres, which can be taken as performances of culture, are shaped according to the socio-historical context they are situated in. Thus, several daily performances which are considered civilized in British society are considered western in Ottoman society and indicate a social code. Since the patriarchal structure of societies leads to segregated roles between the two sexes, this study discusses female education and its reflections on their performances seperately.Bu çalışma, Batı kültürünün geç dönem Osmanlı toplumuna aktarılmasını incelemekte ve Batılılaşmanın izlerini toplumsal hayattaki kültürel performanslar ve kültür performansları üzerinden takip etmektedir. İngiliz kültüründeki nezaket kavramının geç dönem Osmanlı kültüründeki batılılaşma ile uyumlu olması nedeniyle bu çalışma, bu kavramların toplum tarafından içselleştirilmesi ve gerçek hayatta performanslara dönüşümünü sorgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Jane Austen'ın Pride and Prejudice (1813) ve Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil'in Aşk-ı Memnu (1900) adlı eserlerindeki karakterlerin performanslarının derinlemesine karşılaştırmalı analizi, toplumların kültürel ve sosyal yaşamları arasındaki paralelliğe işaret etmekte ve kalıplaşmış kültürel performansların bir toplumdan diğerine nasıl aktarılabileceğine ışık tutmaktadır. Bir topluluğun üyelerinin bir kültürü nasıl icra ettiklerini gösteren davranışları ve günlük rutinleri, içinde bulundukları sosyo-kültürel tarihsel bağlam tarafından şekillendirilebilir. Buna göre, ister özel ister toplumsal alanda olsun, İngiliz toplumunda medeni, Osmanlı toplumunda ise Batılı olarak kabul edilen pek çok gündelik performans bu amaca hizmet eden araçlardır. Toplumların ataerkil yapısı,kadın ve erkekler arasında ayrışmış rollere yol açtığından, kadınların toplumsal ve özel alandaki eylem ve alışkanlıklarını şekillendirmeyi amaçlayan kadın eğitimi ve bunun yansımaları çalışmanın son bölümünde ele alınmaktadır
Immediate effects of trunk Kinesio Taping® on functional parameters in the acute stage of patients with mild stroke: A randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: Improving early trunk control, balance, and sitting activity following acute stroke is
critical for functional prognosis. Purpose: To compare the immediate efficacy of Kinesio Taping® (KT)
application on anterior and posterior trunk muscles in terms of improving trunk control, balance, and
sit-to-stand performance in the acute stage of stroke. Methods: Sixty-nine patients with acute mild
stroke were allocated to the anterior KT group (AKT) (age = 65.95 ± 9.67; 12 females, 11 males;
Modified Rankin Score = 3), posterior KT group (PKT) (age = 65.39 ± 10.39; 10 females, 13 males;
Modified Rankin Score = 3), and control group (CG) (age = 65.34 ± 8.91; 11 females, 12 males;
Modified Rankin Score = 2). Trunk control, balance, and sit-to-stand performance were assessed at
the baseline and after 45 minutes and 48 hours post-KT. Data were analyzed using repeated-
measures ANOVA. Results: All outcome measures scores improved in all groups significantly after
48 hours (p < .001). A significant improvement after 45 minutes was only seen in trunk control
compared to the CG (p < .001; d = 1.32 for AKT and p = .038; d = 0.75 for PKT). Trunk control, balance,
and sit-to-stand performance improved in both AKT and PKT compared to the CG at 48 hours post-
taping. Trunk control (p < .001; d = 0.26) and balance (p < .001; d = 0.72) results were in favor of the
AKT, while sit-to-stand performance results did not make a difference between KT groups (p = .335; d
= 0.47). Conclusion: KT application on anterior or posterior trunk muscles was effective for improving
trunk control, balance, and sit-to-stand performance in acute stage of stroke in the short term. KT
application on anterior trunk muscles had the advantage of improving trunk control and balance
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: Where Do We Stand?
No full textObstructive sleep apnea is common in adults with cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease independent of the traditionally recognized cardiovascular disease risk factors. Observational studies indicate that obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease and that alleviation of obstructive events with positive airway pressure may improve cardiovascular disease outcomes. However, recent randomized controlled trials have not supported the beneficial effect of positive airway pressure in cardiac populations with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea. Some evidence suggests that the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and traditionally recognized cardiovascular disease risk factors is bidirectional, suggesting that patients with cardiovascular disease may also develop obstructive sleep apnea and that efficient treatment of cardiovascular disease may improve obstructive sleep apnea. Recent data also indicate that the apnea-hypopnea index, which is commonly used as a diagnostic measure of obstructive sleep apnea severity, has limited value as a prognostic measure for cardiovascular disease outcomes. Novel markers of obstructive sleep apnea-associated hypoxic burden and cardiac autonomic response seem to be strong predictors of adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes and response to treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. This narrative review and position paper from the Turkish Collaboration of Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Trialists aims to update the current evidence about the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease and, consequently, raise awareness for health professionals who deal with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases to improve the ability to direct resources at patients most likely to benefit from treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and optimize treatment of the coexisting cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the Turkish Collaboration of Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Trialists aims to contribute to strengthening the efforts of the International Collaboration of Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Trialists in this context
Advanced Exergoeconomic Assessment of CO2 Emissions, Geo-Fluid and Electricity in Dual Loop Geothermal Power Plant
No full textBinary geothermal power plants (GPPs) are mostly encountered in geothermal fields with medium and low temperatures. The design and operation of dual binary GPPs can be difficult due to the geothermal fluid properties. This affects their performance and feasibility. Thermoeconomics are essential elements for the design and operation of the GPPs. In this study, advanced exergoeconomic analysis is applied to a true dual binary GPP (as a case study) to further evaluate it from performance and economic perspectives. In analysis, the specific exergy cost (SPECO) method is used. Then, some specific indicators are presented to evaluate the performance and economics of the GPP. Thus, technical and economic solutions have been developed in the design and operation stages through the analysis. The results of the study indicated that the total operating cost of 1218 USD/h could be reduced to 186 USD/h by improving the operating conditions. This corresponds to an 85% decrease. The cost per electricity generated, cost per geothermal energy input, and cost per CO2 emission of the GPP are determined as 0.049 USD/kWh, 5.3 USD/GJ, and 0.13 USD/kg, respectively. As a result, while the savings potential of the GPP is 15%, it can result in a 15% reduction in CO2 emission cost
Evaluation of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Essential Oil as a Digestive Tract Regulator in Broilers
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) essential oil on duodenal and colonic contractions of broilers in vitro. For this purpose, 10 broiler intestines (42 days old) obtained from a slaughterhouse were brought to the laboratories by immersed in Krebs solution (NaCl, 118 mmol/L; KCl, 4.7 mmol/L; CaCl2, 2.5 mmol/L; MgSO4, 1 mmol/L; KH2 PO4, 1 mmol/L; glucose, 11 mmol/L; NaHCO3, 25 mmol/L) at +4°C. Isolated duodenal and colon tissue strips were placed in a four-channel, isolated organ bath system, where they were exposed to Krebs solution aerated with a gas mixture of 95% O2-5% CO2, at 39°C. The effect of peppermint essential oil (PEO) obtained by hydrodistillation method on spontaneous duodenum and colon contractions was evaluated in the concentration range of 0.1-1000 μg/mL. Subsequently, the effects of 300 and 1000 μg/mL PEO were reevaluated on acetylcholine-induced contractions after incubation with Nω-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, NOS inhibitor) and Methylene Blue (MB, cGC inhibitor). It was determined that the PEO dose-dependently decreased the amplitude of spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractions in both isolated tissues. This relaxant effect persisted after L-NNA and MB incubations. In conclusion, PEO induced relaxation in isolated duodenum and colon intestinal smooth muscles not through the nitric oxide-sGMP pathway
Ternary V-Scheme Ag2WO4/BaO/NiO Heterojunction Photocatalysts: Very Fast Degradation Process for Congo Red under UV-Light Irradiation
No full textWith increasing industrial production, pollutants generated in the process of bleaching or dying disperse to the natural water medium. Therefore, an effective photocatalytic material must be prepared for water treatment quickly. In the present study, a novel and effective V-scheme Ag2WO4/BaO/NiO heterostructure photocatalyst with high photocatalytic performance for the degradation of different organic pollutants was designed and formed by a simple precipitation method. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that BaO, NiO, and Ag2WO4/BaO/NiO have a nanopipe, spherical, and nanorod morphology, respectively. X-ray diffraction results indicated that cubic phases were obtained with higher crystallite structure and lower crystallite distortion. The optical properties of the samples exhibited UV-absorption regions with about 3.35, 3.38, and 3.28 eV band gaps for BaO, BaO/NiO, and Ag2WO4/BaO/NiO, respectively. The photocatalytic activity was investigated by the degradation of Congo red under UV-light irradiation. To investigate the photocatalytic mechanism, the photodegradation performance of the catalyst was analyzed with different scavengers such as isopropyl alcohol, ascorbic acid, and potassium iodide (KI), and it was shown that the main active species were •O2- radicals and that OH• radicals have a significant contribution toward the degradation process. Compared to bare BaO and BaO/NiO samples, Ag2WO4/BaO/NiO showed excellent photocatalytic activity and about 41%, 66 and 99% of Congo red photodegraded under UV light within 30 min. The reason for this is that the Ag2WO4/BaO/NiO heterostructure displayed wider contact which promoted more charge-transfer ways to shorten the electron transportation path and increase the inhibition of electron-hole pairs
Experimental Evaluation of a Photovoltaic/Thermal Air Heater with Metal Mesh-Integrated Thermal Energy Storage System
No full texthe objective of this study is to improve the performance of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air heater incorporating a thermal energy storage system (TESS) that uses paraffin and has metallic mesh layers. In the experimental part of the research, three different pilot-scale PV/Ts have been designed, manufactured, and experimentally investigated. The first system was structured as a conventional PV/T, while the second (PVT/TESS) was modified with a paraffin-based TESS. The efficiency of a hybrid PV/T air heater was improved by integrating a paraffin-based thermal energy storage system (TESS) with metallic mesh layers (PV/T-MTESS). The performance of the modified PV/T-MTESS system was compared to two other PV/T systems under the same weather conditions and air flow rate. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the integration of mesh layers into the TESS led to substantial improvements in the system’s thermal and electrical performance, as well as its overall exergy efficiency. The improvements were 33.17%, 14.82%, and 58.15%, respectively, when compared to the unaltered (conventional) PV/T setup. Moreover, an enviro-economic analysis has been performed on the developed and tested PV/Ts. Using TESS with only paraffin and with mesh layer-added paraffin reduced the payback time of the system by 2.54% and 9.85%, respectively. Moreover, the annual carbon dioxide saving was improved from 0.079 tons/year to 0.103 tons/year using a mesh layer-integrated TESS in the PV/T air heater
The antibacterial effect of bee venom on subclinical mastitis agents: an alternative for local treatment
No full textSubclinical mastitis is an important problem in terms of the dairy economy all over the world and due to the increasing antibiotic resistance day by day, there is a great need for new antibiotic alternatives and natural products. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of bee venom against bacterial mastitis agents. Methods, such as well diffusion, disc diffusion, microdilution and time-kill analyses, were applied to 12 bacteria species isolated from milk samples. Effective results were obtained in microdilution and time-kill analysis. MIC values were determined in the range of 12.5–50 µg/ml and time-kill times were observed in the range of 1–24 h. In addition, bacterial suspensions from 12 species were prepared and there were effective against mixed infection in vitro. As a result, bee venom, as an antibiotic alternative, can give satisfactory results in the treatment of subclinical mastitis and mixed infections. Field studies and treatment trials should be emphasized