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Chemometric classification of chestnut honeys from different regions in Turkey based on their phenolic compositions and biological activities
No full textThe objective of this study was to investigate the phenolic composition and biological properties of chestnut honeys of 41 stations in Turkey's the Black Sea and Marmara regions. A total of sixteen phenolic compounds and organic acids were detected using HPLC-DAD and levulinic, gallic, protocatechuic, vanilic, trans-cinnamic acids and (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol were identified in all studied chestnut honeys. Antioxidant activities were measured by ABTS•+, β-carotene-linoleic acid, CUPRAC, DPPH•, and metal chelating assays. Antimicrobial activities were carried out against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and Candida species using well diffusion test. Anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated against COX-1 and COX-2 whereas enzyme inhibitory activities were assessed on AChE, BChE, urease, and tyrosinase. The chemometric classification of chestnut honeys were carried out using PCA and HCA and it was seen that some phenolic compounds contributed significantly to the classification of chestnut honeys from various geographical origin
New Biomarkers (Endocan, Interleukin-17, and Thrombospondin-4) for the Diagnosis, Assessment of Severity, and Follow-Up of Peripheral Arterial Disease
No full textThe present study evaluated the use of endocan, interleukin-17 (IL-17), and thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) blood levels as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Patients with PAD (Rutherford categories I, II, and III) who were admitted between March 2020 and March 2022 for cardiovascular surgery or outpatient clinic follow-up were included. The patients (n = 60) were divided into 2 groups: medical treatment (n = 30) and surgical treatment (n = 30). In addition, a control group (n = 30) was created for comparison. Endocan, IL-17, and TSP-4 blood levels were measured at the time of diagnosis and at the first month after treatment. Endocan and IL-17 values were found to be significantly higher in both groups that underwent medical (259.7 +/- 46 pg/mL, 63.7 +/- 16.6 pg/mL) and surgical (290.3 +/- 84.5 pg/mL, 66.4 +/- 19.6 pg/mL) treatment than the control group (187.4 +/- 34.5 pg/mL, 56.5 +/- 7.2 pg/mL P < .001). Tsp-4 value was found to be significantly higher only in the surgical treatment group (15 +/- 4.3 ng/mL) than the control group (12.9 +/- 1.4 ng/mL P < .05). The decreases in endocan, IL-17, and TSP-4 levels at the first month of treatment in both groups were also significant (P < .001). A combination of classical and these new biomarkers could be included in PAD screening, early diagnosis, severity determination, and follow-up protocols in order to provide effective assessment in clinical practice
A Bayesian change point analysis re-examines the 4.2 ka BP event in southeast Europe and southwest Asia
No full textThe 4.2 ka BP event is a hypothesized global drought and cooling event and is claimed to be supported by proxy records from a wide range of geographical locations. However, recent studies have presented contradictory data that call into question the validity of this hypothetical event in certain regions, leading to renewed interest in defining its true geographical and temporal extent. This study applies a Bayesian model designed to test the existence of abrupt change points to paleoclimate time series from southeast Europe and southwest Asia, which are claimed to support this hypothesis. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on the geographical extent of the 4.2 ka BP event. The results suggest that the evidence for the 4.2 ka BP event may not be as strong as previously thought. While this analysis supports the event that occurred in the central Mediterranean and Greece, it does not appear to have had an impact on proxy data from Anatolia and the Levant. Further proxy data are needed to confirm the ex-istence of this potential climate event and better constrain its geographical exten
Retrieving climate change dependent Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in Southern Turkey by using Landsat thermal imagery
No full textSea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of the most significant parameters in oceanography. SST data can be used to analyse the ocean and marine environments. SST is required to study Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), identification of invasive species spreading areas, climate change, sea-level rise and pollution predictions. For more than 30 years, satellites have provided images that can assist in understanding changes in marine ecosystems. Remote data can be used as a real-time instrument for creating SST datasets. In this study, Landsat thermal data is used to retrieve sea surface temperatures. The study area of the research includes 1025 points belonging to four cross-sections of Gokova Bay in Southern Turkey. SST values were retrieved using satellite measurements for the first time in Gokova Bay. Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus, and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor imagery were analysed, covering the period from 1987 to 2017. Using geographical information systems, the satellite images were processed with algorithms, and changes in sea surface temperature were evaluated in spatiotemporal terms. As a result, a temperature anomaly of about 3 degrees C above average was observed in 2011 and 2015. Climate change has been shown to cause fishing losses in Gokova Bay. A relationship was identified between invasive species entering Gokova Bay and sea surface temperature data. The study method has become a useful alternative method in cases where there is a lack of in-situ data
Study on Phenolic and Organic Acid Compositions and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Agaricomycetes Mushroom Species from Turkey
No full textMushrooms stand out as one of nature’s best gifts among the natural product sources with their diversity, therapeutic values and increasing popularity. In this study, antioxidant (ABTS•+ scavenging, β-carotene-bleaching, cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), DPPH• scavenging, and metal chelating assays), and enzyme (butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibition activities of the extracts obtained from Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers., Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill, Inocutis rheades (Pers.) Fiasson & Niemelä and Leptoporus mollis (Pers.) Quél. mushroom species were investigated. The presence of phenolic and organic acid compounds associated with the bioactive properties of the mushroom species was determined by HPLC-DAD. Fumaric acid was found to be prominent compound in C. comatus (43.90 µg/g dw) and C. unicolor (659.9 µg/g dw), vanillin in L. mollis (19.48 µg/g dw), and p-coumaric acid in I. rheades (21.32 µg/g dw). L. mollis methanol extract, as well as higher antioxidant activity than the standards in CUPRAC and β-carotene-bleaching assays, was noted as superior antioxidant active in all assays (except metal chelating). C. comatus possessed the highest inhibition activity on α-amylase (IC50: 0.23 mg/mL for methanol extract), AChE (IC50: 125.50 µg/mL for hexane extract), and BChE (IC50: 61.03 µg/mL for methanol extract). Also, C. comatus methanol (IC50: 0.09 mg/mL) and L. mollis hexane (IC50: 0.11 mg/ mL) extracts were better α-glucosidase inhibition active than the acarbose (IC50: 0.37 mg/mL). Our study ascertained that the studied mushroom species are particularly sources of biochemically active compounds with therapeutic potential
A family-centered orthodontic screening approach using a machine learning-based mobile application
No full textBackground/purpose: Skeletal orthodontic deformities can have functional and aesthetic consequences, making early detection critical. This study aimed to address the issue of parents bringing their children for routine orthodontic checkups after the ideal treatment age has passed. To address this, we developed a mobile application that uses machine-learning to make a preliminary diagnosis of skeletal malocclusion using just one photograph. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 524 pre-pubertal children, aged between 5 and 12 years, to evaluate the accuracy of the machine learning based mobile application. The application detects multiple points in photographs taken from the mobile camera and generates a signal indicating the diagnosis of skeletal malocclusion. Results: The final accuracy of the Class III vs not Class III model deployed to the mobile application was above 81%, indicating its ability to accurately identify skeletal malocclusion. On a separate validation dataset of 145 patients diagnosed by 5 different clinicians, the accuracy of Class II vs Class I model was 69%; And pg 4, ln 61: as Class II vs Class I with 69% accuracy. Conclusion: The application provides parents with important information about the orthodontic problem, age of treatment, and various treatment options. This enables parents to seek further advice from an orthodontist at an earlier stage and make informed decisions. However, the diagnosis should still be confirmed by an orthodontist. This approach has the potential to improve access to orthodontic care, especially in underserved communitie
Chronic Gastric Ulcer Healing Actions of the Aqueous Extracts of Staple Plant Foods of the North-West, Adamawa, and West Regions of Cameroon
No full textAim: This study is aimed at establishing phenolic compound profile and assessing the possible antiulcer activities of aqueous extracts of some staple plant foods from the West and North-West regions of Cameroon against chronic gastric ulcer models in rats.
Materials and methods: Phenolic constituents of extracts were evaluated using HPLC-DAD. Aqueous extracts of Corchorus olitorius, Solanum nigrum, Vigna unguiculata, Triumfetta pentandra, "nkui" spices, and "yellow soup" spices were tested at two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). After treatments, animals were sacrificed, healing percentage and antioxidant status (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were evaluated, and histological examination of gastric mucosa was realized.
Results: HPLC-DAD revealed that p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids were the phenolic compound present in all extracts. Oral administration of extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer surface value and significantly increased mucus production compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Histological study supported the observed healing activity of different extracts characterized by a reduced inflammatory response. Moreover, administration of aqueous extracts increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Conclusion: This study revealed that aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum, Corchorus olitorius, Vigna unguiculata, Triumfetta pentandra, "yellow soup" spices, and "nkui" spices possess healing antiulcer effects against models of gastric ulcers. The antiulcer mechanisms involved may include increase of gastric mucus production and improvement of the antioxidant activity of gastric tissue. These activities may be due to the phenolic compounds identified in the extracts, especially p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids present in all extracts and with known antioxidant, cytoprotective, and healing properties. However, all the diets may promote the healing process of chronic ulcers caused by excessive alcohol consumption/stress
Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Inseparable Trio
No full textLetter to edito
Anatomical and symptomatic mid-term outcomes of patients with isolated anterior compartment defect repair or stress urinary incontinence : Anatomical and symptomatic outcomes of anterior compartment repair or SUI
No full textBackground: An evaluation of preoperative and postoperative 12th month Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) changes in patients operated for the diagnosis of isolated anterior compartment defect (ACD) or Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI).
Method: Patients who were diagnosed with isolated ACD or SUI were retrospectively analyzed at urogynecology unit of our tertiary referral center. All pelvic examinations were performed by the same experienced urogynecologist. Pre-operative and post-operative 12th month POP-Q scores and the responses to a detailed LUTS questionnaire in the unit were assessed.
Results: Of the 90 patients with isolated ACD or SUI, midurethral sling with mini-sling and retropubic transobturator tape methods was applied in 24, iliococcygeal fixation in 28, trapezoid repair in 9 patients, anterior bridge operation in 14, and plication of pubocervicovaginal fascia to the cervical ring in 15. We compared the POP-Q score and pre and post-operative 12th month LUTS. Between pre and post-operative 12th month, there was a statistically significant difference at Aa and Ba points (p < 0.00, 0.001). Comparative LUTS questionnaire showed statistically significant differences in stress urinary incontinence, frequency, urgency, abnormal emptying, nocturia, pelvic pain (p: <0.001, p < 0.001, p: <0.001, p:0.001, p:<0.001, p:0.003, respectively).
Conclusion: Anatomical and symptomatic recovery is achieved with appropriate surgical intervention in women with isolated ACD or SUI. When LUTS were evaluated in terms of symptomatic recovery, they were found to be related not only to symptoms involving the anterior compartment, but also to symptoms involving other compartments
Images of Normal Ocular Fundus in Saanen Goats
No full textImaging of the fundus during ophthalmological examination of the eye allows the evaluation and diagnosis of many diseases. Traditionally, eye examination is performed by using an ophthalmoscope. Indirect ophthalmoscopy is also used for visualization of the posterior segment in animals. By this way, posterior segment structures of the eye such as optic disc, retina, tapetal and nontapetal regions, retinal vessels and choroidea can be examined. Ultrasonography and special camera systems are also used currently to image for the ocular fundus. The structure of the fundus can vary between species, as well as between races within the same species. No study on fundus imaging of Saanen goats were found among the ophthalmological studies performed in goats. The ClearView fundus camera was used by holding it towards the goat's pupils, and both eyes were examined. Data on the tapetal region, optic disc in the nontapetal region, retina and retinal vessels were obtained. All goats tapetal regions contained predominantly blue or green (most frequently). The nontapetal region was predominantly dark brown. The optic disc was located at the tapetal-nontapetal region border mostly located in the tapetal region. The form of the optic disc was oval and round. A gray spot in the center of the disc represents the remnant of the hyaloid artery or Bergmeister's papilla. Bergmeister papillae were found in 29 animals in total, and in only one eye of 10 animals. The tapetal fundus in goats had a mild uniform stippling at the end of the capillaries called stars of Winslow. These stars are characteristic, giving these species a singular ophthalmoscopic aspect. While Winslow's stars were observed in 35 animals in total, they were found in only one eye in seven goats. Our study aimed to obtain the normal reference values of the fundus of Saanen goats and to contribute to the literature