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A Synergic Effect of Water-Based Acrylic Resin with Boric Acid on Leachability
No full textIn this study, the Scots pine wood samples were impregnated (single treatment) with boric acid combined with two types of water-based acrylic resin (pure acrylic and semi-translucent acrylic emulsion) to limit the boron leaching and improve the decay resistance. The results showed dimensional stability in anti-swelling efficiency and water absorption improved in wood specimens treated with boric acid and acrylic types. While the leachability was over 90% for only 3% boric acid-impregnated wood (control), it was calculated at 36% for acrylic emulsions-impregnated wood. Although there were no weight losses for the unleached woods, it was up to 9% for leached woods impregnated with acrylic resin and emulsion. The 25% acrylic emulsion had no weight losses after the leaching test for Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor. The boric acid combined with acrylic resin can improve the leaching resistance with the synergic effect, enhancing resistance against biological threats
Prognostic value of lactate/albumin ratio in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure
No full textLetter to edito
Proprioceptive Exercises in Hemiplegia Improve Balance and Spatiotemporal Parameters
No full textObjective It was planned to investigate the effects of proprioceptive exercises applied to patients with hemiplegia on muscle tone, balance, perception, posture, mobility, and spatiotemporal parameters.Materials and Methods 70 participants with hemiplegia were randomized to an experimental group (conventional stroke rehabilitation program+proprioceptive exercise, 30 sessions) and a control group (conventional stroke rehabilitation program, 30 sessions). Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Posture Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), Spatiotemporal parameters (cadence, maximum plantar pressure, total weight transfer, step cycle duration, swing phase, step length and foot angle), and Berg Balance Scale (BERG) were applied on all participants before and after treatment.Results When the intra-group values were compared before and after the treatment, TUG, PASS, MMSE, RMI and BERG values increased significantly. MAS upper extremity and MAS lower extremity values decreased significantly. (p<0.01). In the comparison between the groups, one of the spatiotemporal parameters, cadence, total weight transfer, and maximum plantar pressure values, increased significantly after the treatment. Step cycle duration, swing phase, step length and foot angle values decreased significantly after the treatment. (p<0.01)Conclusion Unlike the literature, proprioceptive exercises that we add to the conventional rehabilitation program can be used to improve muscle tone, balance, perception, postural control, mobility, and spatiotemporal parameters
Can music and medicine be effective on anxiety, depression and chemotherapy?related nausea and vomiting? (PEGASUS study)
No full textBackground: Music and medicine can be used in patients with cancer as a palliative complementary therapy. It is aimed to show the effect of music therapy performed on anxiety, depression, and chemotherapy-related nausea/vomiting. Methods: A total of 62 patients with colon cancer who previously experienced grade 1 or 2 chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting were divided into two groups as intervention and control group based on the addition of music and medicine to infusion chemotherapies and 1:1 randomized. The groups were compared in terms of the effect of music and medicine on anxiety, depression, heart rate, blood pressure, and chemotherapy-related nausea-vomiting. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. A value of P < 0.05 was found statistically significant. Results: The patients were evaluated in terms of study variables at the beginning and after the completion of a chemotherapy session. As a result, there was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.042), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.44), heart rate (P = 0.046), state and trait sections of the state-Trait anxiety inventory scores (P = 0.047 and P = 0.046, respectively), as well as a significant decrease in anxiety degree (P = 0.036) and a significant improvement in chemotherapy-related nausea (P = 0.021) and vomiting (P = 0.038) experience in the intervention group. However, no significant effect of music and medicine on depression was detected (P = 0.218). Conclusion: Although it has not been shown to have an effect on depression, it was concluded that music and medicine with classical music integrated into the chemotherapy session can reduce the degree of nausea/vomiting and anxiety levels
The attitudes of local residents toward tourists in the Destination of Marmaris, Turkey
No full textBeing one of the known tourism destinations in the world, Marmaris, a coastal city, is preferred by many local and foreign tourists. In 2019, about 1,350,000 foreign tourists and 419,000 local tourists stayed overnight in Marmaris, while local residents, consisting of about 95,000 people, hosted tourists. This study aims to determine the settled attitudes of local residents in Marmaris, which is located in the southwestern region of Turkey and which has transformed from a small fishing town into a preferred tourism destination, toward tourists. In the chapter, the studies of Var, Kendel, and Tarakcioglu (1985) examining Marmaris constituted the starting point. The researchers tried to identify how the local community of this small town that was declared as a tourism development area by the Turkish government in the 1960s perceives the social impacts of tourism. In their study, they stated that the Marmaris community was not studied from this perspective before and they chose the Marmaris community as the target population of the study as they thought this community symbolized a series of cultural values. The authors conducted a survey for the Marmaris community in the peak season of 1980-1981 and analyzed valid data of 98 participants. Among the results of their study, the following points become prominent: local residents perceive the positive and negative effects of tourism; they find meeting with tourists valuable as an educational experience; and they least prefer to see in Marmaris the tourists who are Turkish locals, who come from the Middle East, and who are Turkish workers living abroad. In this context, it was aimed to determine whether there was any change in the local residents' attitude toward tourism and tourist in Marmaris since the 1980s, and to determine its direction and level, if any. Besides, the issues such as the dissolution of the USSR in 1989, Russian tourists visiting Marmaris with an increasing number of each year, and residents' attitudes toward Russian tourists will be examined for the first time in the scope of the study. In the relevant literature section of the study; the titles such as the effects of tourism, attitudes towards tourism, stereotypes of Turkish people for different nations, and Marmaris destination were mentioned. In the study, a quantitative research method was adopted, and a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts was applied to collect data from the field, and the data were collected from the population formed by the residents of Marmaris through an online survey. The first part of the questionnaire included questions aiming to determine demographic characteristics, while the second part covered local residents' attitudes towards tourism and its effects, and the third and the final part included questions aimed at determining the stereotypes of local residents for tourists of different nationalities. The data obtained were analyzed in the SPSS 22.0 program, the findings were interpreted, the results and suggestions were made, and the study was concluded. The assumptions and limitations of the research were: the reliability and validity of the data collected in the research were limited by the features of the data collection methods; it was assumed that the participants answered the research questions correctly; the questionnaires planned to be made face-to-face were carried out online due to the Covid-19 and the measures taken by the Turkish government and by social responsibility; finally, insufficient time. The literature of the study has been listed according to the effects of tourism in destinations, perceptionsand attitudes towards tourism, Turkish stereotypes of different nations and the people in Marmaris
Effects of Replacement Cold Press Poppy Seed (Papaver somniferum) Oil to Fish Oil at Different Proportions on the Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, and Digestive Tracks Histopathology in Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
No full textThe major goal of the study is to determine the potential use of poppy seed oil as a main lipid source in common carp diets. To investigate this, five different experimental diets (PO0, PO25, PO50, PO75, and PO100) with various proportions of fish oil and poppy seed oil blended as oil sources were provided and supplied to common carp for 90 days. In triplicate groups of 60 fish, 300 common carp weighing 1.15 +/- 0.06 g were randomly placed in 100 L aquariums. At the end of the feeding trial, blood and tissue samples were collected from the fish after gravimetric measurements of the fish. The growth and feed utilization performance of the fish were calculated by gravimetric measurements, and tissue samples were examined by hematological, micromorphometric, and histopathological methods. According to the results, poppy seed oil enhanced the quantity of linoleic acid (18 : 2 omega-6) in the diet, and fish fed with the diet consisting completely of poppy seed oil (PO100) had the significantly greatest growth and feed utilization performance (P 0.05). However, as compared to the control group, the digestive system micromorphometry and histomorphometric measurements of the fish fed with PO100 group diets showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that the carp fed with feeds produced by using only poppy oil as the main fat source improved their digestive system, growth, and feed utilization performance without any negative effects
Chalcones bearing nitrogen-containing heterocyclics as multi-targeted inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies
No full textIn this work, a series of chalcones (1a–d, 2a–d, 3a–d, 4a–d, and 5a–d) were designed and synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation. Also, their chemical structures were elucidated using UV–Vis, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS spectral data, and elemental analyses. Subsequently, the anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease inhibitory activities and antioxidant activities of all chalcones were evaluated. The inhibitory potential of all chalcones in terms of IC50 value was observed to range from 7.18 ± 0.43 to 29.62 ± 0.30 μM against BChE by comparing with Galantamine (IC50 46.06 ± 0.10 μM) as a reference drug. Also, compounds 2c, 3c, 4c, 4b, and 4d exhibited high anticholinesterase activity against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity results revealed that three compounds (IC50 1.75 ± 0.83 μM for 2b, IC50 2.24 ± 0.11 μM for 3b, and IC50 1.90 ± 0.64 μM for 4b) displayed good inhibitory activity against tyrosinase compared with kojic acid (IC50 0.64 ± 0.12 μM). In addition, other different three chalcones (IC50 22.34 ± 0.25 μM for 2c, IC50 20.98 ± 0.08 μM for 3c, and IC50 18.26 ± 0.13 μM for 4c) showed excellent inhibitory activity against the urease by comparing with thiourea (IC50 23.08 ± 0.19 μM). Compounds 3c and 4c showed the best potency in all antioxidant activity tests. In light of these findings, the structure–activity relationship for compounds was also described. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies, including molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and pharmacophore analyses of compounds, gave important information about the interactions and drug-likeness properties. As a result, all chalcones exhibited suitable ADMET findings, predicting good oral bioavailability
Predicting the potential implications of perch (Perca fluviatilis) introductions to a biodiversity-rich lake using stable isotope analysis
No full textBiological invasions, particularly of fish species, significantly threaten aquatic ecosystems. Among these invaders, the introduction of the European perch (Perca fluviatilis) can have particularly detrimental effects on native communities, affecting both ecosystem functioning and human well-being. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was employed, using perch originating from five different ecosystems, to model the effects of their hypothetical introduction into İznik Lake, an economically and ecologically important, biodiversity-rich lake in northern Turkey, to ultimately assess their potential predation impact and competition with native predators. The results revealed that if perch were introduced to the community, they would - considering gape size limitations - primarily prey upon Vimba vimba and Rutilus rutilus, indicating a significant feeding pressure on these species. Furthermore, the study identified a potential overlap and competition for resources between commonly mesopredator perch and the European catfish Silurus glanis, the current top predator in the ecosystem. Both species would occupy top predatory positions, emphasizing the potential disruption of predator-prey dynamics. Our findings underscore the potential ecological repercussions of perch invasions. The selective predation on V. vimba and R. rutilus, with the latter being consumed to a lesser extent by perch, could lead to cascading effects throughout the food web, altering the community structure, and ecosystem dynamics. Additionally, the competition between perch and S. glanis raises concerns about effects on the stability and functioning of the fish community. These results highlight the need for proactive management strategies to mitigate the risk of perch introductions. Strict regulations on the movement and introduction of invasive species, along with comprehensive monitoring, are crucial for preserving native communities and maintaining the ecological integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Our study demonstrates the potential predation impact of perch on vulnerable fish species and the competition with the established apex predator, emphasizing the importance of considering the ecological consequences of perch invasions and informing management decisions to ensure the conservation and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems
Strength Classification of Wooden Chairs under Cyclic Loads Based on an Experimental Study
No full textThis study aimed to assess the cyclic load capacity of wooden chairs and subsequently categorize them based on their performance. A diverse selection of chair models was randomly procured from commercial markets. These chairs underwent performance testing, utilizing the cyclic stepped increasing loading method, with adherence to the standards set forth by the American Library Association Technology Reports (ALA). The study evaluated 315 chairs, encompassing 21 chair models. Each chair model underwent five replications of testing across three different loading directions. The resulting dataset of numerical values was subjected to statistical analyses, facilitating the categorization of chairs based on their strength under cyclic loads. Notably, the study revealed substantial variations in the load capacity among different chair models. As a consequence of this investigation, the study established acceptable design load thresholds. For instance, concerning front-to-back loading, it was determined that the chairs with cyclic load capacities ranging from 932 to 1449 N fell within the category of low-strength, between 1450 and 1968 N were classified as medium-strength (suitable for domestic use), and the chairs with cyclic load capacities exceeding 1968 N were considered to possess high strength (intended for hotel lobbies, restaurants, libraries, etc.). Similarly, for back-to-front loading performance, the study identified the chairs with cyclic load capacities between 625 and 895 N as low-strength, 896 and 1167 N as medium-strength, and the chairs with loads surpassing 1168 N as high-strength. The performance thresholds for side thrust loads were as follows: low-strength encompassed the cyclic load capacities ranging from 649 to 934 N, medium-strength spanned the cyclic load capacities between 935 and 1221 N, and high-strength entailed 1222 N and above. Notably, the classification devised in this study is closely aligned with the widely accepted and internationally recognized ALA specification. This strong consistency with global standards reinforces the reliability and applicability of the classification system developed in this research. In conclusion, this study enhances understanding of wooden chair strength performance and offers practical insights that lead to higher-quality products and improved consumer satisfaction. Its recommendations can potentially drive positive change within the industry and benefit manufacturers and consumers
A comparative study on electrospun fibers of cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal homologues
No full textCyanobiphenyl homologues are important liquid crystals to use in some applications since they exhibit intrinsic properties in a certain temperature interval including room temperature. Recently, generating composites with polymers and liquid crystals by electrospinning has drawn great interest. Here, cyanobiphenyl homologues of chain carbon numbers 5-8 and polyacrylonitrile were spun using single-needle electrospinning for the first time. Morphological, optical, aligning, and thermal properties of spun fibers investigated. The thinnest and thickest fibers were obtained in fibers involving cyanobiphenyl of chain carbon number 5 and 6, respectively considering the scanning electron microscopy images. Also, it was proved that all the cyanobiphenyl members were self-aligned throughout the fibers as a core using polarized optical microscopy. The existence of the cyanobiphenyl homologues in the structure of the fibers was presented by infrared spectroscopy results. In addition, the mass variation depending on temperature and calorimetric measurements were studied. Phase transition temperatures of the bulk cyanobiphenyls and the fibers were compared. The results showed that cyanobiphenyl homologues of chain carbon numbers 5-8 and polyacrylonitrile were able to be spun successfully and the fibers had the potential to be used in applications because the physical properties of the fibers were attractive