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Novel activity of human BChE: Lipid hydrolysis
No full textAcetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) typically hydrolyze the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The multifunctional enzyme BChE is associated with lipid metabolism through an undefined mechanism. Based on lipid-related studies and by comparing the structural similarities between lipases and BChE we postulated that the association of BChE with lipid metabolism could occur through hydrolytic activity. Utilizing purified BChE enzymes from different sources and several lipases as controls, the ability of BChE to hydrolyze 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-mu) palmitate is investigated. Using lectin affinity, inhibition kinetics, and molecular modeling, we demonstrated that purified BChE hydrolyzed 4mu palmitate at pH 8 as effectively as wheat germ lipase. The affinity Km value of the enzymes for 4mu palmitate as substrate is found as 10.4 mu M, 34.2 mu M, 129.8 mu M, and 186 mu M for wheat germ lipase, purified BChE, pancreatic lipase, and commercial BChE, respectively. Analysis of the inhibitory effect of 4mu palmitate on BChE using butyrylthiocholine as substrate revealed competitive inhibition with Ki and IC50 values of 448 mu M and 987.2 mu M, respectively. The binding affinity and interactions of 4-mu palmitate with BChE and pancreatic lipase were predicted by molecular docking. These results suggest that BChE possesses lipolytic activity. The possibility that BChE hydrolyzes not only 4-mu palmitate but also other types of lipids will lead to a new approach to those disease states associated with increased BChE activity/expression.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. and Societe Francaise de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved
Investigations of the Friction and Wear Resistance of the Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide Composites
No full textThe search for natural and biobased materials to create a sustainable future has led many scientists to conduct research on natural-fiber-reinforced composites. Natural fibers have been used for thousands of years, but in the recent decades, they have been used in polymer composites as a reinforcement and/or filler. Natural fibers provide abundant resource in various countries through many forms. The use of natural fiber for structural composites is important in creating important new uses. Biobased materials are becoming more prominent in various applications including automotive parts and many other machinery. For the mechanical parts, friction and wear has been one of the most important topics for long-term performance of these products. In this book chapter, summary of natural fibers and their applications in polyamide composites has been well documented. The use of these composites has been investigated in terms of friction and wear properties. The wear and friction topics are commonly less studied in academic area, but they have a very significant importance for the industry. It is expected that this chapter will highlight the industrial use of these materials for long-term uses
Befunde im Endstadium einer spät diagnostizierten Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
No full textFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an autosomal dominant rare disease characterized by foot deformities and concomitant hetero-topic ossifications. Theoretically, in the absence of early diagnosis and medication, the patient’s outcome will be poor. The patients are usually diagnosed at an early age. Hence, encountering a non-treated and ter-minal-period patient is rare. Our case was unique because it showed the clinical picture and atypical radiological distribution of a 20-year-old, terminally ill untreated female patient. She had hallux valgus, het-erotopic ossifications and multiple osteochondromas that were detected in the right clavicula, the posterior arch of the 9th rib, the bilateral tibia and fibula. Atypically, heterotopic ossifications were not present in the soft tissues of the neck. Hand deformity, cardiac anomaly, or mental retardation was not observed. It was a sporadic case. The presentation with neurological symptoms was also atypical
Isparta İlinde Doğal Olarak Yayılış Gösteren Bazı Ada çayı (Salvia sp.) Türlerinin Uçucu Yağ Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi
No full textAim of the study: This study was performed to determine the essential oil components of Salvia Area of study: The study was carried out in two districts (Egirdir and Sarkikaraagac) located at Isparta province in Turkey. Material and methods: The isolation of essential oil components was performed from shoots with leaves and flowers. Qualitative analysis of essential oils was carried out by using a Shimadzu 2010 Plus GC-MS device. The identification of the constituents was carried out by comparing the retention index (RI) and mass spectral data (MS) to those reported in the literature. Main results: As a result of the GC-MS analysis, the major components of the essential oil were (-)caryophyllene oxide (49.56%), beta-vatirenene (7.87%), and alpha-Muurolol (6.78%) in S. tomentosa, sclareol (40.01%), germacrene-D (13.93%) and beta-pinene (11.93%) in S. argentea and eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (16.6%), beta-pinene (14.7%) and cembrene (10.88%) in S. bracteata. Sclareol, which was determined at a high concentration in S. argentea in this study, is an economically valuable component that is widely used as flavoring in food and tobacco industry and as a perfume ingredient in the cosmetic industry. Highlights: According to this study, the cultivation of S. argentea can provide high economic returns.Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmada Salvia tomentosa Mill., Salvia argentea L. ve Salvia bracteata Bank et Sol. taksonlarının uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma alanı: Çalışma Türkiye'de Isparta ilinde bulunan iki ilçede (Eğirdir ve Şarkikaraağaç) gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Materyal ve yöntem: Uçucu bileşiklerin izolasyonu, yaprak, çiçek ve sürgünden oluşan kısımlardan yapılmıştır. Uçucu yağların kalitatif analizi, Shimadzu 2010 Plus GC-MS (Gaz Kromatografisi/Kütle Spektrometresi) cihazı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bileşenlerin tanımlanması, alıkonma indeksi (RI) ve kütle spektral verilerinin (MS) yayınlanan literatürde rapor edilenlerle karşılaştırılmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Temel sonuçlar: GC-MS analizi sonucunda uçucu yağın ana bileşikleri (-)-karyofillen oksit (%49.56), β-vatirenen (%7.87), S. tomentosa'da α-Muurolol (%6.78), sclareol (40.01), germacrene-D (%13.93) ve β-pinene (%11.93), S. argentea'da ve okaliptol (1,8-sineole) (%16.60), β-pinene (%14.70) ve cembrene (%10.88) S. bracteata olmuştur. Bu çalışmada S. argentea'da yüksek konsantrasyonda tespit edilen sclareol, gıda ve tütün endüstrisinde aroma verici ve kozmetik endüstrisinde parfüm bileşenin olarak kullanılan ekonomik değeri olan bir bileşiktir.
Araştırma vurguları: Bu çalışmaya göre S. argentea yetiştiriciliği yüksek ekonomik getiri sağlayabilir
Analyzing the Impact of Consumer Confidence Index and Geopolitical Risk Indices on Foreign Trade in Food Commodities: Evidence from Turkey
No full textIn recent years, the increase in global crises in areas such as climate, food, health, and international relations has led to an increase in the level of interest of both economists and senior managers in macroeconomic indicators. In this context, the consumer confidence index and the geopolitical risk index have become increasingly popular in both econometric analyses and academic discussions. In this study, the effects of consumer confidence and geopolitical risk indices on food imports and exports in Turkey for the period between January 2013 and January 2021 were analyzed through symmetric and asymmetric causality analyses. The consistent results of the Toda Yamamoto causality and Hatemi-j asymmetric causality tests indicated that a decrease in the consumer confidence index in Turkey leads to a decrease in exports of processed food goods and an increase in geopolitical risk leads to an increase in imports of unprocessed food goods
A novel Bayesian multilevel regression approach to the reconstruction of an eastern Mediterranean temperature record for the last 10,000 years
No full textClimate reconstructions derived from proxy records for individual sites often fail to incorporate existing regional information, which may help to determine uncertainties and express variability within specific reconstructions or commonalities between datasets. Such an understanding is crucial when examining past human-environment interactions. Taking the eastern Mediterranean as our case study, we present here a new air temperature model for the last 10,000 years that utilises data from 33 previously published proxy-based independent reconstructions, using a novel fully Bayesian approach that applies multilevel regression models of individual temperature datasets grouped together into 300 year long consecutive sub-intervals. A Bayesian multilevel approach allows the model to share information between each regression model from the individual datasets and the 300 year grouped regression models. The results demonstrate commonalities between individual datasets derived from different sources, and embed the uncertainties within the model. Our results establish that the eastern Mediterranean region was consistently warmer than the 20th century, except for two short intervals at the end of the Early Holocene (between 8400 and 8250 yrs BP) and the start of the mid-Holocene (between 7800 and 7650 yrs BP). We also identify changes within temperature associated with both the 8.2 ka and 4.2 ka BP events, however our findings identify regional warming in the eastern Mediterranean, rather than cooling often associated with the 4.2 ka BP event. Our results are comparable with previous large scale hemispheric reconstructions, demonstrating that our model is a robust candidate for temperature reconstructions within a confined region, which can range from mesoscale up to macroscale
Financialization Hypothesis: A Theoretical and Empirical Critique
No full textThe financialization hypothesis (FH) is a popular leitmotiv which argues that the financial system conquers the commanding heights of the capitalist economy. It maintains that finance gained independence from productive-capital and began to dominate it. The FH bases this argument on several empirical claims concerning the size and the strategic role of financial entities. This article offers a critique of crucial analytical and empirical claims of the FH. It argues that the FH overrates the importance of novel financial instruments, misunderstands their function and, thus, fails to situate the role of finance in the capitalist system. Especially, it erroneously divorces finance from and superimposes it on productive-capital. Moreover, this article argues that crucial empirical claims of the FH do not stand up to scrutiny
Isokinetic strength training versus core stability training on the trunk muscle strength and quality of life after surgical repair of incisional hernia in adolescents
No full textLetter to edito
Letter: “Impact of body mass index on PROMIS outcomes following lumbar decompression”
No full textLetter to edito
Correlation of the Proximal Urethra Diameter in Voiding Cystourethrography with the Severity of the Disease, Vesicoureteral Reflux and the Uroflowmetry Parameters in Children with Voiding Dysfunction
No full textObjective: Voiding dysfunction is a commonly encountered problem in children. If a patient has a history of urinary tract infection (UTI) and presents with fever, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is frequently used. Proximal urethra dilatation in VCUG was determined to be an indication of voiding dysfunction. Studies in literature have been the ones assessing the correlation between the presence of proximal urethra dilatation and voiding dysfunction. In our study, however, we analyzed the relationship between the proximal urethra diameter determined in VCUG of children with voiding dysfunction, the severity of the disease, the presence of reflux, and uroflowmetry parameters.Materials and Methods: Of the 522 VCUG-received patients 96 between the ages of 6-8 with voiding dysfunction concomitant with febrile UTI were evaluated. Dysfunctional voiding incontinence scoring (DVIS), uroflowmetry parameters, post-void residual measurements (PVR), proximal urethra diameter noted in VCUG, and presence of reflux in the patients were analysed.Results: The mean age was 7.2 & PLUSMN;0.66. The average proximal urethra diameter was 7.6 & PLUSMN;1.8 mm. Regarding the diameter, the patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (7.6 mm and below) and group 2 (above 7.6 mm). DVIS was higher but vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was lower in group 2 (p=0.017, p=0.008; respectively). For uroflowmetry parameters and PVR, no significant differences were noted.Conclusion: In the group with the high-proximal urethra diameter, DVIS was observed to be high. However, a negative correlation was determined between high-proximal urethra diameter and VUR