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Review of Diagnosis & Treatment of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Adults
No full textChronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative condition that is associated with a history of repetitive head trauma. This condition cannot be diagnosed until after the patient is deceased, leading to challenges for clinicians in identifying and managing patients presenting with CTE features. By identifying patients at risk for CTE and the presence of associated symptoms, clinicians can intervene as early as possible to prevent the progression of the disease and manage patient’s symptoms to ensure better quality of life. There is no definitive treatment for CTE, but guidelines have been established to help mitigate that potentially life altering symptoms of neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive and motor decline. This paper aims to educate clinicians on modern CTE research findings regarding proposed risk factors, signs, symptoms, diagnostics, and management of CTE. Peer reviewed literature from recent years was evaluated to provide a summary of the current understanding of CTE, guidelines for management, and future directions for research of the condition
Adjuvant Treatment in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technologies
No full textPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and many of those diagnosed with PCOS struggle with anovulatory infertility. Clomiphene citrate and other medications are often the first line treatment for anovulatory infertility but more invasive options such as assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are available if medication fails. ART can include intrauterine insemination (IUI), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Even when an individual chooses to undergo these more invasive techniques in an attempt to get pregnant, it is not always successful. Therefore, this article aims to focus on if there are any additional benefits of using adjuvant treatments in women who are diagnosed with PCOS and are undergoing ART due to infertility issues. This article focuses on the adjunct use of clomiphene citrate, inositol’s (myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol), metformin, vitamin D, and melatonin. Additionally, the primary outcomes of interest are the improvement in the quality of oocytes and chemical or clinical pregnancy rates. Not all of the included studies have these two as primary outcomes but were still included due to the evidence that was provided
Kienbock\u27s Disease: Avascular Necrosis of Lunate
No full textKienbock\u27s Disease, or avascular necrosis of the lunate, is a rare disease with lack of wide knowledge. It causes wrist pain, swelling, stiffness, decrease in ROM, decrease in grip strength, and crepitation with movement of wrist joint. Due to its effects on the wrist structure and function and its progressive nature, early recognition and treatment is crucial to prevent or delay the need for invasive surgical treatments. This CME outlines how to recognize and distinguish Kienbock\u27s disease from other differential diagnoses, its three different staging classifications including the most commonly used Lichtman classification, and different treatment options for various stages
Understanding American Nationalism and White Supremacy through the Legacy of Christopher Columbus
Get PDFChristopher Columbus’ landfall in 1492 was a pivotal historical event which set in motion several political, economic and social processes. Despite the horrors and atrocities instigated by his actions, Columbus continues to be celebrated across the world, particularly in the United States. Although there has been a recent rise in critical scholarship on Columbus, his legacy remains an intrinsic part of the construction of American nationalism. I argue that American national identity and the representations of Christopher Columbus are intertwined, as they have sustained each other across time and collectively reinforce colonial tools
Women Play Football Too: Feminist Theory and UK Football
Get PDFWomen\u27s Football in the UK has constantly overshadowed by Men\u27s Football and with the popularity of social media it may have complicated the issue. The way women have been treated in the media has always been different to how men were treated. Gender can be considered a performance and how women are treated by the press demands a performance from them. Through Offside, a play by Hollie Poetry and Sabrina Mahfouz, this essay explores the relationship between feminist theory, women\u27s football and social media. Women athletes have consistently been asked about their personal lives, bodies, relationships and anything besides the sport that they dedicate their life to. The rise of social media has created a new platform for women\u27s football representation and a new agency for individual players. Even with this newfound authority, the problem could lie with the other half of the relationship that comes with social media, the followers
Caring for Adult Sexual Assault Survivors in the Emergency Department
No full textSexual assault (SA) is a pervasive societal issue, with reported cases increasing in recent years. According to the National Sexual Violence Resource Center, one in three women and one in six men experience some form of sexual violence during their lifetime. Additionally, emergency departments (EDs) report an alarming trend of SA-related visits requiring specialized care. Despite this need for care, there is a critical shortage of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs), whose role is vital in providing quality healthcare for SA survivors. This piece of continuing medical education can help bridge the lack of knowledge that advanced practice providers and physicians may face when a forensic nurse examiner is not present in the ED
The Most Appropriate and Effective Wound Management
No full textLacerations and wound management are important knowledge and skills to have as a provider. Lacerations can be seen in almost all clinical settings such as outpatient medical office, urgent care and especially in the emergency department; they are one of the most common complaints seen in emergency medicine. In addition, wound management constantly evolves in medicine. There are newer studies published on irrigation and debridement, effectiveness of antibiotics, different techniques and materials for wound closure, and contributing factors to the healing process. All these components shape the process of wound management in order to reduce infection rates and produce pristine cosmetic results. It is imperative to know the latest information on wound management for cost efficiency and optimal patient satisfaction. The most common method of wound closure are the sutures but includes alternatives such as staples and adhesives. Based on the wound’s location, condition and desired outcomes, there is a variety of materials and sizes of the sutures and techniques for the provider to decide and use. Providers will need to weigh the pros and cons of each method to determine the optimal method for wound closure and healing. The poster will display the types of wound healing, methods of wound closure and factors contributing to the wound healing process
Evaluation and Management of Postpartum Depression in South Asian Women
Get PDFPostpartum depression is a worldwide phenomenon that affects about 10 to 20% of women within the first year of delivery. During the 12 months following delivery, about 85% of mothers experience a mood disturbance2. The importance of evaluating and managing postpartum depression is crucial as untreated postpartum depression can lead to a significant risk of morbidity for the child as well as the mother of the child3. Despite the remarkable prevalence of this diagnosis throughout cultures, the screening process for PPD is routinely missed, and the management is frequently incomplete for various reasons3. This phenomenon is exacerbated in minority populations such as South Asian women
Treatment & Management of Dyspareunia in Women with Endometriosis
No full textOne of the most common symptoms seen in women with endometriosis is painful intercourse: dyspareunia. While plenty of research and guidelines exist around the treatment of endometriosis, there is a gap in treatment recommendations specifically for treating dyspareunia. Multiple different pharmacologic and surgical options exist for the treatment of dyspareunia, but it is incredibly difficult for a provider to determine which choice is best for the individual patient. Dyspareunia can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life, relationship with her partner, sexuality, and self-esteem, and thus deserves more specific treatment guidelines. The risks, benefits, and practicality of the available treatment options must be analyzed to determine which patient they are best suited for based on her individual goals. This project aims to consolidate and analyze the data of pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and surgical treatment options for endometriosis-related dyspareunia to determine the most physically and emotionally effective option
A case of ultrashort-segment Hirschsprung\u27s disease in a neonate
No full textABSTRACT
Hirschsprung’s disease can present, rarely, with the aganglionic bowel being confined to an ultrashort-segment within the rectum. This is a case of a neonatal male who presented 1 day post birth with symptoms concerning for Hirschsprung’s disease, which was later confirmed as ultrashort-segment. Symptomatic bowel function spontaneously and periodically improved, which allowed for delays in surgery as a benefit to the patient. Approximately 4 weeks after birth, a laparoscopically assisted endorectal pull through bowel resection using the Swenson method was performed. Bowel was resected from the rectum at the level of the pelvic floor up to the rectosigmoid junction, which ends were then directly anastomosed. After 3 days of recovery and a return of spontaneous bowel function, the patient was discharged from the hospital. The bowel function persisted through the 1 week and 3 month follow up appointments, suggesting a promising outlook