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Review of Diagnosis & Management of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
No full textChronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative condition that is associated with a history of repetitive head trauma. This condition cannot be diagnosed until after the patient is deceased, leading to challenges for clinicians in identifying and managing patients presenting with CTE features. By identifying patients at risk for CTE and the presence of associated symptoms, clinicians can intervene as early as possible to prevent the progression of the disease and manage patient’s symptoms to ensure better quality of life. There is no definitive treatment for CTE, but guidelines have been established to help mitigate that potentially life altering symptoms of neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive and motor decline. This paper aims to educate clinicians on modern CTE research findings regarding proposed risk factors, signs, symptoms, diagnostics, and management of CTE. Peer reviewed literature from recent years was evaluated to provide a summary of the current understanding of CTE, guidelines for management, and future directions for research of the condition
Beyond the Bladder: Navigating Diagnosis and Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis
No full textInterstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic pain syndrome that significantly impacts the quality of life in diagnosed patients. IC falls under the challenging “diagnosis of exclusion” umbrella, requiring the rule-out of other pathologies for a formal diagnosis. Typically affecting women in their 3rd or 4th decades of life, IC presents with vague pelvic, bladder, abdominal, and/or pelvic floor pain, urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria, with no known etiology and negative urine cultures. Despite initial consideration as a rare condition, IC is believed to be more prevalent than previously thought. Misdiagnosis and mistreatment are common due to the vague and common symptoms of IC, resulting and an average delay of over 10 years from symptom onset to diagnosis. By increasing understanding and knowledge about IC, practitioners can better manage and support patients with this challenging condition
Non-Pharmaceutical Symptom Management in Patients with PCOS
No full textPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a relatively common diagnosis among biological females. There are many variations of presentations among patients with PCOS that require an individualized and tailored treatment plan for symptom management. Although there are pharmaceutical medications that can be used for PCOS symptoms, some patients’ symptoms might not be fully managed, or they might prefer to focus on non-pharmaceutical options for their symptoms instead. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be familiar with alternatives to the mainstay of pharmaceutical treatment
What to expect when your patient is expecting: Education, stress and pregnancy
No full textMany pregnant women are plagued by the fear that peripartum stress actually has negative cognitive effects on their children. The research does indicate that there is some correlation between obstetric anxiety or depression and increased propensities toward childhood mental illness. Given this information, primary care providers should educate women about the risks unabated stress can have on their child, with a specific focus on stress reduction techniques and a frequent dialogue regarding mental well-being in the primary care setting. Policies can also be adopted to address mental health concerns by utilizing psychiatric midwives who can check on mothers more frequently than primary care providers can. Ultimately, greater awareness and education on the effects of peripartum stress on a child\u27s well-being can reduce some of the deleterious effects noted in early childhood
Hormonal Treatment Guidelines for Gender Dysphoria in the Adult Patient
Get PDFThere are an estimated 1.4 million adults currently living in the United States who identify as transgender as of 2022. This is a population that has historically experienced discrimination and mistreatment by the medical community, with 33 percent of transgender people reporting a negative interaction in the healthcare setting because they were transgender.
Marginalized people who feel as though they might be discriminated against are less likely to seek help when they need it, with 23 percent of transgender people reporting that they did not try to get medical help when they needed it because they were worried about mistreatment due to their gender expression.
Healthcare providers have a responsibility to familiarize themselves with the specific needs of transgender patients so as to not ignore a large, and already underserved population. This article gives an overview of the different treatment options for transgender people, some common complaints that a transgender patient may bring to their provider, and the expected effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the body
On- Pump vs Off- Pump CABG Repair: A CME article on the risks and benefits of both approaches to CABG surgery
No full textHeart disease is a large contributor to noncommunicable causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgeries is one of the most common major surgeries performed in the United States, and has had a significant role in decreasing mortality rates and improving quality of life in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Surgeons can approach CABG procedures two ways; utilizing a cardiopulmonary bypass machine (C-CABG), or without circumventing the heart (OP-CABG). When deciding what method is appropriate, surgeons should consider the extent of heart disease, concurrent comorbidities, revascularization rates, and the morbidity and mortality associated with each method. This article compares each of these variables in C-CABG and OP-CABG and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure. Overall, a larger implementation of OP-CABG is a promising future of cardiac surgery but requires adequate training and experience to make the procedure beneficial
Rotator Cuff Tears – Surgery vs Conservative Treatment
No full textRotator cuff injuries (RCIs) are an extremely common condition afflicting individuals regardless of age or gender. It is the most common type of tendon injury in the United States. Despite this, there is no clear consensus on what type of treatment is ideal for RCIs. This article will focus on the principles and outcomes specifically in the context of rotator cuff tears (RCTs). It will also provide recommendations on how to approach treatment, whether conservatively or surgically, for patients with this injury
Laying the Foundation for the Expansion of Palliative Care
No full textPalliative care aims to support people with serious illnesses that cause them limited functioning, increased care needs, and decreased quality of life due to symptom burden. Since palliative care has been focused mainly on outpatient cancer care, there are barriers that must be overcome to expanding the utilization. Improving provider education, navigating difficult conversations, and utilizing PAs can improve the use of palliative care in the outpatient setting and allow for increased palliative care utilization overall. Much more research is needed in the use of palliative care in chronic health conditions such as COPD and dementia and may be more feasible if these barriers are overcome
What is Active Learning? Perspectives from Five STEM Professors\u27 Teaching Practices in Their Classrooms
Get PDFThis senior thesis investigated what ways, if any, STEM professors incorporated active learning pedagogy in their undergraduate classroom in a small private university in the northeast USA. STEM pedagogy was investigated because of the increasing prominence of active learning methods in the classroom compared to the didactic type of teaching that was prominent in the past (Eichler, 2020). A qualitative case study of five STEM professors was conducted and involved collecting data from biographical questions, a one-hour interview, and the analysis of a document provided by the professor that could have been a lesson plan, an assignment, or an activity they created during the Fall 2022 and Spring 2023 semesters. Four themes emerged from my analysis of data: (a) considering students’ prior knowledge, (b) scaffolding students’ learning experiences, (c) imagining and revising instructional sequence to guide student learning, and (d) supporting students’ learning through various resources. These are the active learning strategies that were commonly found in answers from the interview questions. These findings suggest that STEM professors implement active learning strategies in their classrooms. My data also found that none of the professors in this study has completed any formal education in active learning frameworks. This study showcases that STEM professors may be applying active learning in their classrooms because of their experience as teachers rather than a formal education on active learning pedagogy
The impact of Brexit on the United Kingdom\u27s economy
Get PDFThis thesis explores the impact of Brexit on the United Kingdom’s economy. The question this thesis seeks to answer is which side of the Brexit argument, Pro-Brexit or Anti-Brexit, is playing out in the United Kingdom today years after Brexit. To address this question, I will use three prominent immigration theories as well as open border and closed border theory which are grounded in the Pro-Brexit and Anti-Brexit arguments. In order to measure the impacts on the United Kingdom’s economy, I will use indicators such as trade, foreign direct investment, GDP, and immigration. I will argue that the Anti-Brexit position has played out in the United Kingdom since Brexit, resulting in a negative impact on the United Kingdom’s economy through the different indicators I have mentioned above