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Digital Transformation of Global Business Processes: The Role of Dual Embeddedness
Get PDFWhile much existing research on MNC digital transformation has followed a linear design and implementation logic using cross-sectional data, the multiple and divergent needs of headquarters (HQ) and subsidiaries suggest that MNC digital transformation actually involves a more iterative journey. In this paper, we apply the theoretical perspective of embeddedness to better define the complexities of MNC digital transformation, and identify how HQ and subsidiaries can navigate the complexities. This paper presents a longitudinal multi-case study of five Forbes Global 2000 firms that are HQ in Europe with large subsidiaries in the U.S. We find that the process of digital transformation is significantly influenced by internal embeddedness (relationship of HQ with subsidiaries and across subsidiaries) and external embeddedness (relationship of subsidiaries with their local markets), and also by strategy, financial and technology considerations. While HQ and subsidiaries have different perspectives, an understanding of these influences can help HQ and subsidiaries navigate digital transformation
Thirst
No full textAleš Šteger has published eight books of poetry, three novels, and two books of essays in Slovenian. His books in English include The Book of Things, Berlin, Essential Baggage, Above the Sky Beneath the Earth, and the novel Absolution. He lives in Ljubljana.
Brian Henry is the author of eleven books of poetry. He has translated books by Aleš Debeljak, Tomaž Šalamun, and Aleš Šteger. He lives in Richmond, Virginia
Click Here to Sue Everybody: Cutting the Gordian Knot of the Internet of Thing with Class Action Litigation
Get PDFIt is not hyperbole to state that the mass proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) will alter modern society to a degree surpassing even the Industrial Revolution. Data has surpassed oil as the world’s most valuable resource, and the IoT generates a nigh-incomprehensible amount of it. As consumers, corporations, and governments increasingly embrace this marvelous technology, its possibilities and perils become ever more evident. Consider, for example, the 5G network. It will allow smart vehicles to communicate not only with each other but also with thousands of sensors installed along the roads. These connections will give drivers advance warning of traffic patterns, pedestrian crossings, and hazardous conditions, improving safety and reducing congestion. But most vehicles manufactured today—indeed, most smart devices in general—are not fit for this hyperconnected future. The misaligned incentives of the stakeholders involved in the IoT’s development have led to a lack of oversight and thus a crisis of cybersecurity. Just a few months ago, for instance, a hacker broke into more than 27,000 vehicles through poorly configured GPS tracking devices. Besides scraping the drivers’ personal information, the hacker threatened to remotely kill the vehicles’ engines while they were in motion. Nearly all existing scholarship on the legal and policy implications of the IoT concludes with pleas to governing bodies for meaningful industry oversight. This article does not. Instead, it accepts the reality that policymakers, left to their own devices, will not adequately govern the IoT until its risks become unambiguously apparent; that is, until it is fatally hacked. To forestall this version of the future, this article proposes proactive class action litigation against all unacceptably dangerous IoT devices to realign the interests of the private sector with those of the public good
Zooming In & Out: Examining the Nonprofit Organization’s Approach to Social Problems, And its Impact on the Outcome
No full textServing and problem solving is the primary focus of charitable nonprofits and public service organizations. This study examines how nonprofits address the opportunity gap in underserved communities, and if they approach the issue from a specific way of thinking, such as systems thinking or reductionist thinking. A grounded theory approach of the qualitative design method was used in the analysis. The participants were selected from a list of nonprofit organizations with programs that focus on youth and education in Central Virginia.
According to the data, all of the participants address social problems in underserved communities, and the way they initially thought about the problem has shifted over time. Most of them attribute social problems in underserved communities to poverty and racism. While they all discussed the problem from a holistic view, the data supports that they provide services from a reductionist point of view. Those who expressed belief in closing or narrowing the opportunity gap agreed that the gap is too complex for any one organization to address alone, and acknowledged that it will take collaborating with other organizations and “all hands on deck”
Richmond Law Magazine: Summer 2020
Get PDFDear Professor
Building a Better Lawyer
A Lightning Rod of a Rulinghttps://scholarship.richmond.edu/law-magazine/1073/thumbnail.jp
[Introduction to] Debating Sex Work
Get PDFIn this \u27for and against\u27 work, ethicists Lori Watson and Jessica Flanigan debate the criminalization of sex work. Watson argues for a sex equality approach to prostitution in which buyers are criminalized and sellers are decriminalized, known as the Nordic Model. Flanigan argues that sex work should be fully decriminalized because decriminalization ensures respect for sex workers\u27 and clients\u27 rights, and is more effective than alternative policies.
Putting these two views on sex work into conversation with one another, and opening up space for readers to weigh both approaches, the book provides a thorough, accessible exploration of the issues surrounding sex work, written with both sympathy and philosophical rigor.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1366/thumbnail.jp
Speaking the Truth: Supporting Authentic Advocacy with Professional Identity Formation
Get PDFWhen law students are asked to articulate legal rules in a persuasive communication such as a brief, they may experience internal tension. Their version of the rule, as framed to benefit a particular client’s position, may be different from the way they would articulate the rule if they were not taking on an advocate’s role. The conflict between those two versions of a legal rule leads some students to wonder if advocacy itself is deceptive, if an advocate’s role requires one to sacrifice ethics for success, and if ancient Greek philosophers were correct when they derided persuasive communication as “trickery and magic,” and criticized advocates for making arguments that were “artfully written but not truthfully meant.” This tension is not unique to students. All advocates must ask themselves whether they can provide a true and accurate version of the law (truthful law) and simultaneously articulate a version of the law that will help their clients. This question speaks to the very nature of law and what it means to be a lawyer. If the question is not successfully resolved, students and lawyers are more susceptible to the cynicism and discontent that permeates the legal profession.Using Plato’s denunciation of rhetoric and rhetoricians as a starting point, Part I of this Article will explore how the first year of law school may create and exacerbate tension between law students’ desire to advocate on behalf of their clients and their desire to truthfully communicate the law. Part II will explore how law school could resolve this tension with an explicit discussion of legal determinacy and the lawyer’s role in creating law: what students need to hear, when they need to hear it, and where that conversation might be placed within the curriculum. The Article will identify the developing area of professional identity formation as a natural location for an effective discussion, which would ideally occur within the first year of studies. In that discussion, law students can explore a view of lawyers as meaning-makers and truth-tellers: rhetoricians who understand and are faithful to the true essence of a law but are also able to create alternatives within the scope of that true law. Students and lawyers can integrate their own identities into this professional identity, and maintain authenticity in their advocacy
Working Hard or Making Work? Plaintiffs’ Attorney Fees in Securities Fraud Class Actions
Get PDFIn this paper, we study attorneys’ fees awarded in the largest securities class actions: “mega-settlements.” Consistent with prior work, we find larger fee awards but lower percentages in these cases. We also find that courts are more likely to reject or modify fee requests made in connection with the largest settlements. We conjecture that this scrutiny provides an incentive for law firms to bill more hours, not to advance the case, to help justify large fee awards – “make work.” The results of our empirical tests are consistent with plaintiffs’ attorneys investing more time in litigation against larger companies, particularly when there are multiple lead counsel firms. Using a difference-in-difference analysis, we show that “make work” increased in cases with multiple lead counsel after the Supreme Court validated a “price impact” defense in the Halliburton II case. We find a similar pattern with relative efficiency, with more hours per litigation day. We also find that courts award higher multipliers in cases with pre-litigation observable characteristics that indicate a lower risk of dismissal – and a correspondingly higher probability of settlement – particularly against larger companies. Overall, our results suggest that plaintiffs’ attorneys are receiving windfall fee awards in mega-settlement cases at shareholders’ expense
[Introduction to] On Agamben, Arendt, Christianity, and the Dark Arts of Civilization
Get PDFMany progressives have found passages in Augustine\u27s work that suggest he entertained hopes for meaningful political melioration in his time. They also propose that his “political theology” could be an especially valuable resource for “an ethics of democratic citizenship” or for “hopeful citizenship” in our times. Peter Kaufman argues that Augustine\u27s “political theology” offers a compelling, radical alternative to progressive politics. He chronicles Augustine\u27s experiments with alternative polities, and pairs Augustine\u27s criticisms of political culture with those of Giorgio Agamben and Hannah Arendt.This book argues that the perspectives of pilgrims (Augustine), refugees (Agamben), and pariahs (Arendt) are better staging areas than the perspectives and virtues associated with citizenship-and better for activists interested in genuine political innovation rather than renovation. Kaufman revises the political legacy of Augustine, aiming to influence interdisciplinary conversations among scholars of late antiquity and twenty-first century political theorists, ethicists, and practitioners.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1367/thumbnail.jp