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The Philosophical Foundations of Enslavement and Exploitation: Setting the Stage for Modern Human Trafficking
No full textEnslavement and exploitation continue today across the globe and the term human trafficking has become a contemporary catch-all phrase to include a variety of abuses. Exploitation under the umbrella of human trafficking is often framed as a new issue in today’s discourse, or as an exception to an otherwise innocuous world system of progress, democracy, and global capitalism. However, if we examine the thinking that has undergirded the various phases of slavery and other types of exploitation, we find a diversity of rationalization for the kinds of abuses common in various historical eras and today. This essay explores the writing of key philosophers often associated with the development of democratic society, particularly in Western Europe and North America. The essay connects the thinking that laid the foundation for the global slave trade of the colonial era to the thinking that supports the current systems of neoliberalism and global capitalism. Threads are traced across key philosophical work to illustrate some of the common assumptions made today in western civilization that set the stage for our current predicament of widespread human trafficking. The essay builds upon the argument that the rationalization of the global slave trade in the colonial era are still present, even if latent, in the rationalization of exploitation for global profit-making today
Speciesism, Prejudice, and Epistemic Peer Disagreement
Get PDFPeter Singer famously argues that speciesism, like racism and sexism, is based on a prejudice. As Singer argues, since we reject racism and sexism, we must also reject speciesism. Since Singer articulated this line of reasoning, it has become a wide- spread argument against speciesism. Shelly Kagan has recently critiqued this argument, claiming that one can endorse speciesism without doing so on the basis of a prejudice. In this paper, I defend Kagan’s conclusion (that one can endorse speciesism without being prejudiced). However, many philosophers have found Kagan’s argument deeply unsatisfactory; so, I advance an alternative argument, different from Kagan’s, in support of his conclusion. My argument runs as follows: I argue that, if there is epistemic peer disagreement about a view, then the parties to this disagreement cannot reasonably label each other as prejudiced in their beliefs about this view. Then, I argue that there is epistemic peer disagreement about the truth of speciesism, from which it follows that the parties to this disagreement cannot reasonably label each other as prejudiced. Thus, one can affirm speciesism without being prejudiced. If I am correct that one can affirm speciesism without being prejudiced, then Singer’s argument (that if one rejects racism, one must reject speciesism) is unsound
Protecting Children in the Frontier of Surveillance Capitalism
Get PDFThis article examines the ongoing technological revolution and its impact on today’s consumers. In particular, this article addresses the promulgation of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) in the context of “surveillance capitalism” and analyzes the harms associated with social media and data collection. Finally, this paper will argue that COPPA should be revamped to better regulate the Internet of 2020. A just society ought to protect children from the lurking perils of social media
Venturing into Virtual: A Study of the Impact of Virtual Alumni Engagement on the Alumni- Alma Mater Relationship in Higher Education
Get PDFThe arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States prompted an unanticipated change in the fundamental ways in which alumni relations offices at higher education institutions engage their alumni populations. It necessitated a transition into virtual programming and engagement efforts. The impact of this shift into operating almost exclusively online is relatively unknown, with little scholarly research currently existing on the topic. Following a comprehensive review of the existing literature, this study compared the five-year historical trends in alumni engagement at a small, private liberal arts institution to survey feedback provided by alumni volunteers. Seeking to understand the impact of introducing a virtual alumni engagement strategy on the alumni-alma mater relationship and individual alumni decisions to continue participating virtually, the study concludes that a hybridized version of in-person and virtual alumni engagement strategies may provide alumni and their alma mater with the best of both worlds
Análisis de los Impactos Socio-Ambientales de dos Rutas de la Carretera Propuesta entre Pucallpa, Perú y Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil.
No full textÀ medida que a construção de estradas na Amazônia continua a ser proposta e promovida por governos do Brasil e do Peru, torna-se cada vez mais importante considerar os efeitos que essa infraestrutura pode ter nas diversas culturas e ecossistemas da Amazônia. Uma das propostas em discussão é uma rodovia de 200 km que ligaria as cidades de Pucallpa, no Peru, e Cruzeiro do Sul, no Brasil. Embora a estrada seja promovida como economicamente vantajosa, a rota passará perto, se não cruzar, territórios indígenas e áreas de conservação protegidas, notadamente o Parque Nacional Sierra del Divisor. A região de Sierra del Divisor é um hotspot de biodiversidade que contém espécies raras e ameaçadas, cujos habitats são particularmente vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de estradas invasivas. Novos corredores rodoviários também podem facilitar a extração ilegal de madeira, o tráfico de drogas, a especulação de terras, a migração interna e a disseminação de doenças, colocando em risco a biodiversidade da floresta amazônica e potencialmente infringindo a segurança e a autonomia dos povos indígenas e rurais. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar os impactos potenciais que o projeto rodoviário Pucallpa-Cruzeiro do Sul apresenta ao meio ambiente, às sociedades e às economias do sudoeste da Amazônia usando uma metodologia mista, incluindo análise geoespacial, sensoriamento remoto e uma revisão da literatura de estudos anteriores sobre o impacto. de estradas em florestas tropicais. Essas análises tentarão expressar a escala das repercussões que a construção de estradas pode trazer para as fronteiras amazônicas bioculturalmente ricas.
Traduzida ao Português por Eliane Fernandes
Artisanal Collaborations and the Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Get PDFThis study is a qualitative comparative case study of two craft collaborations, utilizing inductive research and interviews. A key member of each group was interviewed via Zoom, the transcripts analyzed and distilled into themes comparing the balance between cultural preservation and economic empowerment. By examining the roles within these collaborations, three key elements of a successful artisanal collaboration were determined to be a long-term commitment, predictable funding, and community leadership. This model could be adapted to the many smaller groups promoting traditional handcraft as a method of empowerment and cultural preservation