18043 research outputs found
Sort by
A systematic review of growth mindset intervention implementation strategies
No full textGrowth mindset interventions, which seek to teach the belief that attributes can change, are increasing in popularity and being leveraged to improve health. As these interventions expand in scope, there is a critical need for a systematic review of existing implementation practices to help move the field towards more robust, impactful, and replicable science. To meet this need, we took a three-fold approach. First, we created a framework for the implementation of mindset interventions (FIMI) using an inductive, interpretive approach that merged existing fidelity frameworks with growth mindset expert opinions. Second, we used the FIMI to frame a systematic, descriptive review of mindset intervention protocols and to create a checklist for transparent reporting of mindset intervention strategies. Third, we provided future research directions that can help to improve the impact of mindset interventions in health-related contexts
Harnessing Growth Mindsets to Help Individuals Flourish
Get PDFPsychologists are uniquely positioned to help with our collective obligation to advance scientific knowledge in ways that help individuals to flourish. Growth mindsets may offer one such tool for improving lives, yet some research questions the potential to replicate key findings. The aims in the current work are to help explain mixed results and outline ways to improve intervention impact. To reach these goals, we first offer a brief overview of the links between growth mindsets and psychological flourishing. Second, we outline key theories of causal mechanisms and summarize sources of meaningful heterogeneity in growth mindset interventions, with a focus on those designed to improve mental health. Third, we provide cautionary notes that highlight nuances of growth mindset messaging in contexts with stigmatized social identities. Fourth, to conclude, we suggest areas for future research aimed at understanding how to most powerfully harness growth mindsets to help individuals reach optimal psychological functioning
How Biden Could Keep Filling the Federal Circuit Court Vacancies
Get PDFIn October 2020, Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden speculated that the fifty-four talented, extremely conservative, and exceptionally young, appellate court judges whom then-President Donald Trump and two relatively similar Grand Old Party (GOP) Senate majorities appointed had left the federal appeals courts “out of whack.” Problematic were the many deleterious ways in which Trump and both of the upper chamber majorities in the 115th and 116th Senate undermined the courts of appeals, which are the courts of last resort for practically all lawsuits, because the United States Supreme Court hears so few appeals. The nomination and confirmation processes which Trump and the Republican Senates instituted and the numerous extraordinarily conservative judges whom they confirmed undercut appellate court diversity in terms of ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, ideology, and experience; the appointments procedures; and citizen respect for this critical responsibility’s discharge, the presidency, the Senate, and the federal bench. Peculiarly important, some cases which Trump appointees have decided show how prescient was Biden’s rather impressionistic answer to a press question regarding the controversial issue of Supreme Court packing, which the nominee afforded near the 2020 presidential election’s conclusion. For example, Trump United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth, Sixth, and Eleventh Circuit confirmees’ judicial decision-making elucidates these propositions. Therefore, Biden promised that his administration would comprehensively remedy those stunning problems.
This essay’s initial section examines the nomination and confirmation procedures initiated by the GOP White House and each of the Republican Senate majorities, which permitted Trump and the chamber to appoint substantial numbers of exceptionally conservative appeals court judges, mainly by contravening, rejecting, or downplaying numerous rules and conventions that prior Presidents and the Senates had applied to felicitously appoint preeminent, moderate, diverse court of appeals jurists. Part one scrutinizes how Trump and the GOP chambers easily nominated and confirmed significant numbers of judges whose opinions could affirm his troubling presidential behavior and concomitantly reject Biden’s efforts that would ostensibly move the nation in better directions.
Segment two evaluates manifold endeavors of Biden’s presidency and the Senate Democratic majority which carefully address Trump circuit appointments’ detrimental impacts. This portion reveals that Biden deployed lessons which the President had extracted from leading responsibilities that he discharged as a Judiciary Committee member and the panel Chair, particularly which implicated Supreme Court nomination and confirmation processes, and from service as Vice President in President Barack Obama’s Administration. Biden has correspondingly relied substantially upon high-ranking executive branch officials with longtime appointments experience, tapping, for example, Ronald Klain as his chief of staff while appointing Dana Remus White House Counsel, from the Obama era while employing numbers of effective selection practices which Presidents Obama and Trump and earlier Republican and Democratic chief executives had instituted.
Part three surveys the consequences for appeal courts of Trump’s judicial appointments efforts and the implications of how President Biden responded. The court selection measures that the Democratic chief executive implemented allowed the White House and the Senate to appoint prominent, comparatively mainstream, diverse jurists, which eclipsed Trump’s record for approving twelve very conservative, accomplished, youthful judges throughout a first presidential year. The considerable success of Biden and the Democratic Senate majority respected their pledges to directly rectify Trump confirmations’ adverse effects, improve numerous critical diversity features, and restore dynamic “regular order” across the judicial appointments process.
The difficulties—particularly appointing rapidly so many accomplished, highly conservative, lifetime jurists, which former President Trump and GOP senators certainly orchestrated—will remain for a significant number of years and Democrats currently possess an exceptionally narrow Senate majority. The concluding portion, accordingly, provides numerous recommendations for how President Biden and the chamber might continue increasing diversity, namely ideological, and revitalizing dynamic regular order to efficaciously improve the federal courts of appeals
Do You Agree?: The Psychology and Legalities of Assent to Clickwrap Agreements
Get PDFWhen first accessing a website or online service, users are confronted with terms of service and privacy policies. These terms and policies are adhesion contracts which the user must accept to use the website or service. Virtually all users simply click “I agree” without reading the terms of these contracts. The law construes this as consent based on whether a “reasonable person” would understand that the click constitutes assent to those terms and policies. But studies show that various psychological factors such as obedience of authority can play a role in ill-informed acceptance of such contracts. This article argues that the law should take such psychological factors into account and suggests a framework for doing so
AI, Can You Hear Me? Promoting Procedural Due Process in Government Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies
Get PDFThis Article explores the constitutional implications of algorithms, machine learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in legal processes and decision-making, particularly under the Due Process Clause. Regarding Judge Henry J. Friendly’s procedural due process principles of the U.S. Constitution, decisions produced using AI appear to violate all but one or two of them. For instance, AI systems may provide the right to present evidence and notice of the proposed action, but do not provide any opportunity for meaningful cross-examination, knowledge of opposing evidence, or the true reasoning behind a decision. Notice can also be inadequate or even incomprehensible. This Article analyzes the challenges of complying with procedural due process when employing AI systems, explains constraints on computer-assisted legal decision-making, and evaluates policies for fair AI processes in other jurisdictions, including the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK). Building on existing literature, it explores the various stages in the AI development process, noting the different points at which bias may occur, thereby undermining procedural due process principles. Furthermore, it discusses the key variables at the heart of AI machine learning models and proposes a framework for responsible AI designs. Finally, this Article concludes with recommendations to promote the interests of justice in the United States as the technology develops
Monte Carlo and Bootstrapping Carry Trade Simulations in Excel
Get PDFIn a currency carry trade, an investor borrows money in a low interest rate currency and invests in a high interest rate currency. The trade is profitable if the future exchange rate does not adjust to the interest rate differential. After downloading exchange rate data, a Monte Carlo simulation of a carry trade is performed in Excel based on a normal distribution and the data’s mean and standard deviation. A bootstrapping carry trade simulation exercise is also generated by randomly selecting observations from the historical data. In contrast to the Monte Carlo simulation, the bootstrapping exercise preserves the skewness within the historical data. A carry trade simulation can generate student interest and strengthen student understanding of Excel modeling, Investments, International Finance, and Statistics. The assignment can also be used to illustrate uncovered interest rate parity and forward rate bias
Friendship Based on Affection
No full textThe essay \u27friendship based on affection\u27 shows the virtue, happiness and goodness between people. This friendship is believed by the brilliant philosophers, Aristotle and Confucius. It communicates that it is the rarest form of friendship and takes trust and time to create between one another. I have given two examples from a non-philosophical movie, \u27promising young woman\u27 and a scholarly article \u27the bluestocking and virtue friendship\u27. The essay also talks about friendship based on goodness leading to self love. It argues how quality over quantity of friends matter which leads to a happy life with trustworthy people around you
When Friendship is All About Loving Me, Myself, and I
No full textThe idea of self-love in the context of friendship has long been discussed by philosophers and can be traced back to the works of Aristotle, which were written around 340 B.C. Upon examining texts from ancient philosophers and modern writers, it is revealed that self-love is not only the respect towards oneself but is also the criterion for how to establish and perpetuate friendships with others. This article argues that self-love ushers one to find the right friends and to make appropriate decisions regarding their friendships with the utmost level of love and virtue
There Goes My Antihero: How Wendy Byrde Broke Bad
Get PDFDespite the increase of male antiheroes in popular culture, the number of female antiheroes is sparse, particularly when female characters are romantically involved with male antiheroes. There are several reasons for this disparity, partially which can be explained by affective disposition theory. First, female characters are rarely given agency and adequate backstories. Second, in order for female characters to be antiheroes, they typically must challenge gender role stereotypes, especially as they pertain to motherhood. Finally, they are often treated poorly by other characters in the series. All of these reasons have a profound effect on how audiences perceive female characters and whether or not they will accept morally ambiguous behavior from them. In Netflix’s Ozark, however, Wendy Byrde is different. This paper explores Wendy’s partnership with her husband and how it is established early in the series, thus contributing to Wendy’s agency. Because of the agency she is afforded, Wendy successfully challenges gender role stereotypes and achieves antihero status