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Disclosure of Positive Serostatus among People Living with HIV in Terna, Ghana: Decisions and Outcomes
Get PDFDisclosure of a positive HIV serostatus is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. This study uses a mixed methods approach to examine disclosure and outcome related issues among a randomly selected group of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLH) in Terna, Ghana. Overall, disclosure was relatively high among the PLH. The qualitative data showed that PLH first assessed people in their lives to whom they could potentially disclose and only disclose to those they believed would accept them, provide them support, and/or keep disclosure secret. However, some PLH inaccurately predicted the reactions of people to whom they disclosed their serostatus. Also, an important proportion of the PLH did not disclose their serostatus because of fear of stigmatization, discrimination, divorce, and being accused of promiscuity. These fears were somewhat justified because among PLH who disclosed, 42 percent experienced some negative reactions. Also, stigma was an important inhibiting factor to disclosure regardless of the social and demographic characteristics of PLH. Stigma was the only statistically significant factor that predicted disclosure among our study participants. This study shows that there should be a range of different programs and policy approaches in order to achieve the UN AIDS 2011-2015 strategy of getting to zero new infections (UNAIDS, 2010). These programs should have a holistic approach whereby they work with PLH who have been rejected and the people who have rejected them as well, especially family and friends of the PLH
Women and Politics in Nigeria: A Typology and an Assessment
Get PDFThe study was carried out to investigate the extent women participate in politics in Nigeria. Abia and Imo states were closely studied. Two hypotheses were formulated. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion. A total of 354 copies of questionnaire were distributed, out of this number, 349 copies were completed and returned by the respondents. Z-test statistical tool was used to analyze the data, Based on the analysis, the major findings revealed that violence against women deters women from getting actively involved in politics in Nigeria. Also culture and traditional ethos prevent the advancement of women in politics also. Based on these findings, the following recommendations among others were proffered: Political mobilization should be carried into the villages to sensitize the women on the need to get involved in politics. More so new laws should be enacted on political thuggery and violence. They should be pursued vigorously to curb the high level of violence meted out to women by their male political counterparts in Nigeria
Healthcare Policy and Administration in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis
Get PDFThis paper examines the perception of the effectiveness of the healthcare system in Nigeria by citizens and residents of the country. It argues that the Nigerian government needs to adopt a more pragmatic healthcare policy, one that could be more effectively implemented. Unlike the old practice of the Ministry of Health, an innovative approach to healthcare delivery should involve benchmarks, strategic doing, and coordination of priorities, as well as partnerships with various stakeholders from the private sector, including nongovernmental organizations and foreign investors. The paper uses quantitative and qualitative data derived from questionnaire surveys and interviews administered to 3,202 Nigerian citizens and residents, including professional medical staff at federal, state, and local government levels. The findings suggest that on one hand there is a negative correlation between the e-governance initiatives and efficient service delivery by the federal government in Nigeria. On the other hand, there is also a negative correlation between citizens and federal government relations in the country. Some healthcare challenges are identified, and recommendations for appropriate policies that could address the current impediments are offered
Stress, Saliva, and Spirits: The Effects of Acute Psychosocial Stress on Alcohol Craving, Motivation to Consume Alcohol, and Physiological Correlates
No full textStress has been identified as an important risk factor for the onset and maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Accordingly, the present study seeks to explore the link between stress and alcohol- related measures, specifically by analyzing how fluctuations in subjective and biological measures of stress affect craving and choice for alcohol. The present study utilizes a variation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to acutely induce stress in participants. Saliva samples will be collected in order to assess fluctuations in the stress biomarker alpha amylase in response to the TSST. Participants will be asked to fill out a series of questionnaires pertaining to perceived levels of stress, anxiety, and affect before and after completing the TSST. Upon completion of the TSST, participants will complete a series of alcohol-related questionnaires that measure frequency of alcohol use, magnitude of alcohol craving, risk for developing AUD, anticipated effects of alcohol use, hypothetical alcohol choice behavior, occurrence of negative alcohol-related consequences, and level of engagement in non-drug related activities. These measures will allow us to identify factors that may influence the decision to consume alcohol. The results revealed that our variation of the TSST successfully induced a biological and subjective stress response. In turn, stress induced alcohol craving in non-risk participants. However, craving did not translate to higher demand for alcohol for said participants. Risk-status was otherwise a stronger predictor of alcohol craving. Risk-status also had a potent effect on measures of alcohol demand, adverse alcohol-related consequences, and specific alcohol expectancies. These findings highlight the prevalent need to develop preventative measures specifically geared towards those who are at-risk for developing AUD. Ultimately more research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between stress, risk-status, alcohol craving, and choice for alcohol
Experimental Investigation of the Second-Mode Boundary-Layer Instability Over a Flat Plate with a Wavy Wall
Get PDFThis study experimentally investigates the effect of wavy walls on the second-mode boundary-layer instability in the hypersonic regime. The experiments were performed in the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Mach-6 Ludwieg Wind Tunnel on flat-plate test articles. Two different flat-plate test articles were used: a smaller test article used in previous studies and one larger that was constructed for these specific experiments. Findings include the initial test results of the larger test article without a wavy-wall insert and results from three different wavy-wall samples taken using the smaller test article. The initial larger flat plate test results showed that the boundary-layer transition onset behavior varied between the fluctuating surface pressure power spectra measurements and the surface heat-flux measurements. The spectral measurements indicated transition onset upstream of the heat-flux measurements. The wavy-wall test results showed that the wavy-wall inserts shifted the second-mode frequencies lower. Additionally, the higher-amplitude wavy walls provided spectra that indicated a second-mode frequency locking tendency, which was shown to trend well with the freestream unit Reynolds number
Orpheus, Spring 2025: Porchswing
Get PDFFrom Melina Blank, literary editor: Porchswing: According to Google, it’s “a swing on a porch usually made of wood leaving space for two people to sit and swing.” To Orpheus, it is the warm breath of familiarity that hums in one’s soul. The soul knows just about everything that inspires it, transfixes it, guides it. Home, a word we make sense of in terms of physical place, is not so definitively tangible. Instead, what inspires and transfixes and guides us could very well be a person, a song, a belief, a feeling.
If I didn’t know any better, I would say this is why we create art. Through any artistic medium, we give a feeling a face, a situation some eyes, an emotion a mouth. We plant four walls and a roof over ambiguities; we speak our own languages and they are somehow understood.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/orpheus/1059/thumbnail.jp
Autumn Sunset Looking West from Chapel
No full textAerial view is of the western horizon from above the northeast corner of the Immaculate Conception Chapel. The chapel\u27s blue cupola is in the center of the frame.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/mktg_images/1079/thumbnail.jp
2025-05-02 Minutes of the Executive Committee of the Academic Senate
No full textApproved minutes of a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Academic Senate of the University of Dayton
