54278 research outputs found
Sort by
Polarimetric Data: Scenario 05
No full textPolarimetric data Scenario 05 collected within the Automated Remote Sensing Solar Simulation Lab at the University of Dayton. The data were collected using a visible monochromatic division-of-time imaging polarimeter. The dataset is parameterized across different sensor, scene, and illumination geometries that mimic outdoor solar irradiance conditions
African Feminist Theories and the Gendered Dimensions of Climate Change in Africa
No full textThis paper analyzes how African feminist theories can provide nuanced insights into the gendered dimensions of climate change across the continent. African feminist theories provide essential insights into the everyday lived experiences of women within African spaces, allowing for a contextual analysis of the impacts of climate change. There has also been a growing recognition of the need to identify the gender-differentiated impacts of climate change. The main argument is not only that climate change will be experienced by men and women differently but also that the impacts will hurt women more severely. Yet this theorization must employ theoretical lenses that place African women at the center of analysis. African feminist theories will be utilized to provide a theoretical account of embodied gender differences grounded in the complex realities of African women’s everyday experiences. African gender theories argue that research on women’s realities should be thoroughly grounded and informed by local realities. African feminist theories are neither unitary nor homogenous but represent a radical rethinking of women’s experiences on the continent. However, the theories speak directly to two concepts critical to this study: positionality and intersectionality. By positionalities, the study analyses how experiences of climate change depend on where women are situated and the conditions within which they exist that shape access and control of resources for resilience. The paper thus focuses on highlighting the intersectional complexities characterized by generational, class, identity, racial schisms, and ethnic coalitions, as well as contradictions that define every day for women in different conditions on the continent
Sources of Future Conflicts in the Horn: Water Management and Interstate Relations Among Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia
Get PDFPatterns and Determinants of Fertility in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1974-1998
Get PDFAddis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, reported a surprisingly low TFR level of 1.8 births per woman in the year 1994. Such a low level has never been experienced by any other large African city. In this paper, we attempt to confirm the adjusted level fertility of 2.1 births per woman and thus the fertility decline reported by the Central Statistical Authority (CSA), and to explore the important demographics, socio-economic and proximate determinants of fertility decline of Addis Ababa from 1974 to 1998.
We use data from fertility surveys of 1990 and 1995, conducted in Addis Ababa by CSA, and the age-sex distribution of population of the 1984 and 1994 population censuses. We conclude in the study that the estimate made by CSA of 2.14 births per woman is quite acceptable. We provide a plausible estimate of 2.2 births per woman as an alternative estimate of TFR for the period of 1989-1994. We provide a time series values of TFRs and model ASFRs, starting from 1974-1979 to 1998.
The study also provides Bongaarts indices, indirectly for the time periods of 1974-1979; 1979-1984; 1984-1989; 1989-1994; and also for 1998 for Addis Ababa from the simple information on TFRs. Furthermore, using index values we show that fertility has declined sharply over time. We conclude that although marriage pattern has played a significant role in the decline of fertility recently, the role of contraceptive is also a factor in the decline. But the impact of contraceptives is observed to be low compared to that of marriage. We therefore recommend improvements in the effects of contraceptives by means of advising women in the reproductive ages to use contraceptives to limit births, rather than increased postponement of marriage (the average age of which for women is around the mid 20s, which could sometimes lead to contracting HlV/AIDS). We also recommend the use of the services of voluntary organizations for demographic effects, such as reducing mortality
The Roles of Human Capital and Infrastructure on FDI Inflow: Empirical Evidence from Sub Saharan Africa
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the impacts of physical infrastructure and human capital on FDI inflow in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Towards this effect a panel data of 960 observations of 32 countries from 1975 to 2004 have been analyzed using alternative panel estimation methods. Accordingly, the study revealed that human capital and infrastructure are indeed the key determinants for enhancing inward FDI. However, the evidence shows that the level of human capital and infrastructure are below the threshold level in SSA to play a positive role in attracting FDI and materialize a structural change in the economy. Thus, investment on education and infrastructure should be taken as development priorities in SSA. Additionally, the study confirms that FDI is a complement not a threat to domestic investment/Iocal firms
Economic Integration as a Contribution to Sustainable Development in the Horn of Africa
Get PDFThe Horn of Africa is one of the most geopolitically important regions of the world, with great human and natural resource potential. Unfortunately, the region is notorious for its crises and instability. This is due to internal and external destabilising factors related to ethnicity, tribalism, resource sharing, poverty, superpower rivalry, porous borders and hegemonic desires. Although it differs slightly between countries, the average per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the region is less than $200. Gender disparity in education and economic activity is prevalent in the region at all levels. Over 75% of the labour force is engaged in subsistence agricultural and nomadic activities and the rest are involved in other economic sectors, including informal activities. These statistics are just of the indicators that abject poverty is pervasive in this region. What should be done to improve this situation and promote peace, stability, and sustainable socio-economic development?
One of the most viable strategies is to promote economic integration among the countries in the Horn of Africa. This approach can potentially bring economic prosperity and stability to the region. If the states themselves facilitate and meticulously nurture an interstate and intrastate economic integration process by combining their natural and human resources, they will have a better opportunity to eradicate chronic poverty and promote sustainable socioeconomic development. This undoubtedly will help them to make substantial headway in attaining at least some of the UN\u27s declared Millennium Development Goals by 2015. Towards achieving this goal, it would be essential for both local and international initiatives to complement each other.
This paper seeks to briefly highlight the background and genesis of the precarious situation in the region, identify and assess the push and pull factors for establishing the foundations of economic integration, and recommend feasible strategic alternatives intended to promote regional economic integration as a cornerstone for peace, stability and sustainable development. The paper also deals with theoretical foundations and indicative diagnostic studies. In addition, assessing the possibilities and problems of promoting regional economic integration in the Horn of Africa is a precondition for the long-lasting resolution of conflicts and the promotion of good governance and accelerated economic growth. Thus, this paper will serve as a trigger for other researchers to dedicate themselves to empirical and theoretical research focused on more articulated issues pertaining to the region
