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Using Principles of Inclusion and Sustainability for Designing and Facilitating Inclusive and Sustainable Development Workshops
Get PDFThis Training Course-Linked Capstone (CLC) is an analysis of the reflective practitioner’s design on inclusive and sustainable development workshops for World Learning. The analysis focuses on integrating the pedagogical approaches of experiential learning, engaged pedagogy and social justice frameworks. The reflective practitioner asks: With his/her participants, how can a trainer/facilitator co-create an inclusive and sustainable learning environment for an inclusive and sustainable development workshop? How can a trainer/facilitator embrace principles of inclusion and sustainability and make sure from the beginning that the process of designing and facilitating the workshop is experiential, democratic, participatory, engaged, and dialectically based education and adult learning? These questions were examined through experiential learning theory, engaged pedagogy and social justice pedagogy, inclusion and sustainability principles and the analysis of the practitioner’s design work and facilitation of the workshop. The CLC also identifies opportunities and challenges training practitioners face in designing and facilitating inclusive and sustainable development workshops.
Keywords: inclusive development, sustainable development, inclusion, sustainability, experiential learning, engaged pedagogy, social justice pedagog
Dual-Power and Direct Democracy in Fiji: An Analysis of the iTaukei Administration
Get PDFThis paper examines the origins, history and social impact of the iTaukei (E-tow-kay) Administration in Fiji, which is an autonomous system of indigenous dual-power within the government of Fiji. It traces the history, social implications, and current status of the iTaukei Administration, focusing on (1) to what extend this administration has frustrated the advances of liberalism in the form of both nation-state and capitalism, and (2) if there is an alternative to the dichotomy of cultural, political, and economic domination of chiefly elites versus that of the global neoliberal hegemony. In this analysis, the origins of developmental discourse is examined, looking at the colonial government and then chiefly and political elites as creators and producers of this discourse. Using Social Ecology as a methodology, this paper peels apart the manifold of conflict that surrounds this administration, consisting of interpenetrating ethnic, class, economic, and hierarchical conflict. The administration was designed to impede capitalist expansion in Fiji, yet as time went on the colonial government desired further profit, leading to the creation of development discourse directed at increasing ‘individualism\u27 amongst the iTaukei people. In parallel to this there has been a continuous call for the drawdown of dual-power encapsulated in the iTaukei Administration. The tension between creators of this discourse—British colonialists, iTaukei chiefly and political elite,—and the iTaukei people is laid out through a history of the iTaukei Administration. Through this examination, the importance of non-state directly democratic institutions, such as the localized aspect of the iTaukei Administration, create and inherent weakness in the State, and allow for the possibility of cultural autonomy that can be inclusive, as opposed to parochial. It also reveals the paramount importance of land in struggles to disrupt Capital, and the importance of preserving or creating communal land control
The 25th Anniversary of South African Democracy: Exploring Perspectives of 10 Stellenbosch Residents on Patriotism and National Pride
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and qualities of a South African patriotism in Stellenbosch. 25 years after the transition to democracy and an election in 2019, this study aims to develop a sense of national pride using a small sample size. The major question is how is that pride expressed? Is it using rhetoric from the post-1994 ANC nation-building projects? Or have those efforts lost salience in people’s lives?
To conduct this research, I used mainly a \u27vox pop\u27 style interview, meaning participants were chosen randomly to answer a short, 5-6 question survey about national pride. Structured interviews with planned meeting times were also conducted, where participants answered the same set of questions.
The findings of this research were insightful in four main regards. The first was the reference to post-1994 ANC rhetoric, which was invoked and spanned demographic lines but was not overwhelmingly present. The second was the unanimous feelings of uncertainty about the future of the country. The third was the stable definition of \u27patriotism\u27 offered by participants. Finally, the complexities of coloured identity in South Africa that were alluded to in interviews with coloured participants
Newsworthy Migrants: Sentiment and Text Analysis of Dutch Newspapers
Get PDFUnderstanding how a migrant population is viewed and displayed by the host country has been a struggle for a long period of time for anyone studying migration. Traditional methods of collecting information were tedious, time intensive and expensive. However, Big data has been providing unique solutions to gaps in information in many different fields across the world. Media plays an important part in developing and assessing the public opinion on a topic. With the availability of a large number of online articles from historical time periods, it is possible to use quantitative analysis, such as text analytics, to can see how the ‘migrant’ is presented in local Dutch newspapers using online records of articles. Average sentiment of the analyzed articles were in general negative but also varied over time, with negative sentiment peaking in 2015 which is correlated with high unemployment in the country. Words most commonly associated with articles with keyword ‘migrant’ included ‘work’, ‘policy’ and ‘jobs’ suggesting that migrants are often portrayed in an economic or political context
Divorce Experiences: What The 2004 Moudawana Does and Does Not Do for Women In Morocco
Get PDFIn 2004, the parliament amended the original Moudawana, or Family Code, from 1958. Among the changes, they altered the laws regarding divorce. The 2004 Moudawana included new provisions for women to obtain divorces in an attempt to create more progressive and equitable laws. The process of divorce, however, is still unequal for men and women. Despite women’s social conditions improving under the 2004 Moudawana, discrimination against women within the Moroccan legal system continues to prevent women from accessing their rights. A complex legal system and general lack of knowledge about the law create an overwhelming experience for women who do not have the financial means to obtain a lawyer. Even when women are able to obtain a divorce, they face custody and property battles after divorce. Many men do not pay the child support the court legally requires them to pay. Women often do not have the financial means to bring their case back to court. Furthermore, societal and cultural norms greatly deter women from seeking a divorce even in the direst of circumstances. The purpose of this study is to uncover the true implementation and social reality of Moroccan divorce laws. This study uses information gathered from interviews to uncover the social and legal reality of divorce in Morocco, focusing on questions such as: Has the new Moudawana improved women’s access to divorce? What are obstacles in the divorce process? Do women have fair access to divorce under the law? What are women’s lives like after obtaining a divorce? Ultimately, this study finds that while the new Moudawana has improved women’s access to divorce, a series of legal and social obstacles prevent women from accessing their rights
Environmental Consciousness for the Politically Autonomous: The Basque Country
Get PDFWhen discussing the issue of political autonomy, the usual topics that are taken into consideration are based around human rights, language, culture, society or economics. Those are the most commonly discussed for good reason, as they are important for the rights and freedoms of a community itself. However, this research paper aims to investigate further into the discussion of the environmental effects of political autonomy in Spain, specifically in the matter of autonomous competencies for waterway and air management. Therefore, in order to test such a hypothesis, this study will use the Basque Country of Spain as the subject, and the policies enacted or suggested by the European Union as gauges as to whether or not the autonomous community is meeting, or possibly even exceeding, the standards set internationally in comparison to Spain as a whole. Historical context and the basis for this study is based primarily on literature review, while arguments for whether or not the Basque Country is effectively implementing environmental policies in relation to waterways and the air were collected via interviews from field professionals in the subjects of European Union policies, environmental research, protection and sustainability. After the collection and comparison of different literature and the statements of said professionals, the conclusion reached was that the Basque Country is, in fact, exceeding the expectations of Spain and meeting those of the European Union, and has plans to continue to do so in the future
La situación actual del lenguaje inclusivo de género en Valparaíso, Chile
No full textIn the last three or so years, the concept of a gender inclusive language has begun to take form in Chile for the first time. The juxtaposition of the prevalence of gender in the Spanish language with a society that is slowly learning to accept the existence of gender in more than two forms and the equal recognition and treatment of people of all genders is striking. This phenomenon has led to proposals for an inclusive language in various government institutions and activist groups. These proposals vary from using the letter x or e to replace the gendered a/o in words that thus indicate the traditional forms of feminine and masculine gender, to explicitly stating both grammatical gender forms of every word that refers to a human subject, to using gender neutral words that already exist in the language such as las personas to neutralize the word in question. Due to its relative newness as a concept, today there is more wide-spread rejection than support amongst Chilean society.
In the present investigation, past research on the presence of gender in the Spanish language and the proposed variations is analyzed through interviews with individuals who specialize in linguistics in the region of Valparaíso, Chile. The information gained from these academic perspectives is coincided with field observations in the same region to generate a consciousness of the general perception that Chilean society has of gendered language and its proposals for gender inclusivity. This paper does not offer a definition of the correct form of what gender inclusive language in Spanish looks like, rather it is an analysis of the justifications for this movement, how Chilean society perceives it, and the likelihood of its success in the future. After conducting this investigation, I conclude that gender inclusive language is not widely accepted or justified in Chilean society and its use is primarily confined to progressive academic and activist spaces. I also conclude that the form in which gender inclusive language should take in Spanish is largely subjective amongst those who believe it should exist, and through this movement it is clear that how a language should be is in the hands of modern society and not linguistic institutions such as the Real Academia Española (RAE). My hope is that this work is used as groundwork for many more efforts to normalize gender inclusive language with the long term goal of using language, something that represents in large part the identity of a place, to reduce the inequality between cisgender men and people of all other gender identities
Primitive Palms: A density study on the impacts of harvesting natural materials for construction purposes on Sumak Allpa of the Amazon rainforest
Get PDFIn an effort to better understand how rural construction techniques affect a surrounding environment, this study combines a density test of the natural building materials used in the construction of a school on Sumak Allpa island of the Orellana Province in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. The focus of the study measures the density of the bamboo species Guadua angustifolia and the Panama hat plant Carludovica palmata on the island while noting a comprehensive compilation of the techniques and materials used in the building process. Using a mix of plots and transects, a comparison of harvested material to remaining material left in each habitat was conducted. Under further analysis, the harvested individuals of the studied species had little to no effect on the overall health of the island’s populations. Similarly, through both qualitative and quantitative data collection, the environmental impact of reconstructing the school—using various primitive techniques—did not have a significant negative effect on the ecosystem. After 26 days of observation and participation, it can be further concluded that the relationship between man and nature is strengthened by understanding the laborious and intentional process by which a shelter is created.
En un esfuerzo por comprender mejor cómo las técnicas de construcción rural afectan el medio ambiente circundante, este estudio combina una prueba de densidad de los materiales de construcción naturales utilizados en la construcción de una escuela en la isla Sumak Allpa de la Provincia de Orellana en la Amazonia de Ecuador. El enfoque del estudio mide la densidad de la especie de bambú Guadua angustifolia y la planta de sombrero de Panamá Carludovica palmata en la isla, al tiempo que se observa una compilación exhaustiva de las técnicas y los materiales utilizados en el proceso de construcción. Usando una mezcla de parcelas y transectos, se realizó una comparación del material recolectado con el material restante que queda en cada hábitat. Bajo un análisis adicional, los individuos recolectados de las especies estudiadas tuvieron poco o ningún efecto sobre la salud general de las poblaciones de la isla. De manera similar, a través de la recopilación de datos tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos, el impacto ambiental de la reconstrucción de la escuela, utilizando diversas técnicas primitivas, no tuvo un efecto negativo significativo en el ecosistema. Luego de 26 días de observación y participación, se puede concluir que la relación entre el hombre y la naturaleza se fortalece al comprender el proceso laborioso e intencional mediante el cual se crea un refugio
Sirva todos como un hermano: las filosofías de los médicos tradicionales mapuches hacia los pacientes Winka
No full textIn recent years, the popularity of traditional Mapuche medicine has increased drastically among non-Mapuche, Winka, Chileans. This increase in the soliciting of services as well as an expansion of intercultural health programming exists within the context of the ongoing Mapuche conflict in which Mapuche activists in the Araucunía region are fighting for the territorial and societal rights of their indigenous communities. To ascertain the effects of Winka medical solicitation on Mapuche medical practioners, semi-structured interviews were utilized. 8 Mapuche medical practioners and associated community members such as intercultural hospital directors and Lonkos were interviewed. Participants were questioned about the personal and spiritual impacts of treating non-indigenous patients, their views on interculturality, and their personal stories of becoming medical practioners.
Minimal communal or individual effects from Winka usage of traditional medicine were found. Key to these findings was the agreeance among participants that the medical value system within Mapuche cultural practices accepts all people who seek help as all people should be treated as family. However, when non-Mapuche individuals try to utilize Mapuche medicine as a service provider, they were harshly critiqued by study participants. This service provision behavior was a threat to both the safety of any attended patients as well as to the security of Mapuche medicine. Finally, the viewpoints towards interculturality were diverse with a wholistic approval of the idea of interculturality and varying levels of censure towards interculturality as fulfilled by the Chilean government. Future studies should examine the availability of herbal medicines following increases in non-indigenous plant demand as well as further investigate the motivations of Winka Chileans usage of Mapuche medical services.
En los últimos años, la popularidad de la medicina mapuche tradicional ha aumentado drásticamente entre no mapuche, Winka, chilenos. Este aumento en la solicitud de servicios, así como una expansión de la programación de la salud intercultural, existe en el contexto del conflicto Mapuche en curso en el que activistas mapuches en la región de la Araucunía luchan por los derechos territoriales y sociales de sus comunidades indígenas. Para determinar los efectos de la solicitud médica de Winka en las prácticas médicas de mapuche, se utilizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas. 8 se entrevistó a las prácticas médicas de mapuche y a miembros comunitarios asociados, como directores hospitalarios interculturales y lonkos. Se interrogó a los participantes sobre los impactos personales y espirituales de tratar a los pacientes no indígenas, sus opiniones sobre la interculturalidad y sus historias personales de convertirse en prácticas médicas.
Se encontraron efectos mínimos comunitarios o individuales del uso de Winka de la medicina tradicional. La clave de estos hallazgos fue el acuerdo entre los participantes de que el sistema de valor médico dentro de las prácticas culturales de mapuche acepta a todas las personas que buscan ayuda, ya que todas las personas deben ser tratadas como familiares. Sin embargo, cuando los individuos no mapuches tratan de utilizar la medicina mapuche como un proveedor de servicios, fueron duramente criticados por los participantes del estudio. Este comportamiento de provisión de servicio era una amenaza tanto para la seguridad de cualquier paciente asistido, así como para la seguridad de la medicina mapuche. Por último, los puntos de vista hacia la interculturalidad fueron diversos con una aprobación holística de la idea de la interculturalidad y diversos niveles de censura hacia la interculturalidad tal como lo cumplió el gobierno chileno. Los estudios futuros deben examinar la disponibilidad de medicamentos herbarios después de aumentos en la demanda de plantas no indígenas, así como investigar más a fondo las motivaciones del uso de los servicios médicos de mapuche por Winka chilenos
La vulneración de los derechos e invisibilización sobre lxs migrantes senegaleses en CABA / The violation of human rights and the invisibilization of Senegalese immigrants in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires
No full textAntes de que Argentina fuera una estado-nación oficial, ha habido una invisibilización de lxs afro-descendientes y afro-argentinxs que continúa hoy bajo la negación de la existencia y los derechos de lxs inmigrantes senegaleses. Desde la década de 1990, ha habido una progresiva afluencia de migrantes senegaleses, por lo general de varones jóvenes, a Buenos Aires, Argentina, con el sueño de prosperidad económica para compartir con sus familias en Senegal. A su llegada, se enfrentan a varias barreras lingüísticas y culturales para adaptarse al estilo de vida argentino. Debido a las leyes de inmigración actuales, no son capaces de obtener trabajos formales, lo que ha llevado a la mayoría de ellxs a ser vendedores ambulantes en áreas altamente pobladas, como Plaza Once. Este artículo aborda cómo la represión institucional y policial y la negación de innumerables derechos humanos internacionales y nacionales se han exacerbado bajo los gobiernos neoliberales de Macri y Larreta, dentro de CABA, desde 2015. En un esfuerzo por iniciar un diálogo sobre el pasado problemático y el presente de Argentina, con acciones y lenguaje racistas, este trabajo busca visibilizar a lxs inmigrantes senegaleses, tanto en su presencia física como miembros de la sociedad argentina como de sus experiencias cotidianas de resistencia y supervivencia.
Before Argentina was an official nation-state, there has been an invisibilizacion of African descendents and African-Argentinians that continues today with the current focus on negating the existence and rights Senegalese migrants. Since the 1990s there has been a gradual influx of Senegalese migrants, typically young males, to Buenos Aires, Argentina with the dream of economic prosperity to share with their families in Senegal. Upon arrival, they face numerous language and cultural barriers to adjusting to the Argentina lifestyle. Due to current immigration laws, they are unable to get formal jobs, which has led to the majority of them being street vendors in highly populated areas like Plaza Once. This article addresses who institucional and police repression and the denial of countless international and national human rights have exacerbated under the neoliberal governments of Macri and Larreta within the autonomous city of Buenos Aires since 2015. In an effort to open up conversations about Argentina’s problematic past and present with racist actions and language, this article seeks to visibilize the Senegalese migrants, both in their physical presence as members of the Argentine society and of their daily experiences of resistance and survival