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Masih Takut: The Psychology of Fear in the Development of Indonesian Social Movements
Get PDFThis thesis offers a contemporary investigation of the extent to which historical contexts contribute to Indonesian people’s reservations towards political conversations and social movements, such as protests and demonstrations. The historical contexts in question are focused on the Soeharto dictatorship from 1966-1999 and its long reign of censorship, citizen violence, and general human rights violations. The research employs a mixed-methods approach focused on cultural and participant observation, social media analysis, and interviews. Social media analyses offer insights into activism, particularly that of students and the youth, that are not generally available in scholarly sources. Interviews with Indonesian citizens and local political leaders share the diverse perspectives on electoral fairness, protest efficacy, and overall political awareness. The findings highlight the wide ranging beliefs toward the state of the Indonesian government, its political figures, and whether citizens should feel fear in their quotidian lives or not. A brief explanation of the Pancasila’s ideals and how they shape Indonesian society elucidates a sociopolitical factor that may promote the reservations present in citizens’ outlooks on their political sphere. Despite limitations in access to reliable archives and language proficiency, this research contributes valuable insights into the psychological standpoints of Indonesian citizens regarding their own expressive freedom and safety
The Political Economy of Income Transfers in Argentina: The Case of the Asignación Universal por Hijo since 2009
Get PDFEste ensayo analiza la continuidad de la Asignación Universal por Hijo (AUH) en el estado de bienestar argentino. Desde 2009, cuando la AUH fue implementada por Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, ha sido el único programa no amenazado realmente por las administraciones conservadoras de Mauricio Macri y Javier Milei. Usaré la base de datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH) para demostrar la trayectoria del porcentaje de ingreso de los individuos y los hogares aportado por la asistencia social, y se creará un apartado para el monto de la AUH. Argumento que la trayectoria de la AUH puede ser explicada por dos razones. Primero, las administraciones conservadoras han encontrado tiempos de crisis económica que los previnieron de hacer un ajuste duro a la AUH. Segundo, los programas de transferencias de ingreso como la AUH pueden ser justificados por la filosofía conservadora en una manera en la que otros programas de bienestar más tradicionales no pueden. Concluyo que el mandato de Milei va a demostrar dos cosas: si el poder de los movimientos sociales es suficiente con la amenaza de represión para proteger un programa tan importante y si la filosofía más radical de la nueva derecha en Argentina puede justificar programas como la AUH
Como las guardianas de semillas en la región de Arica y Parinacota están recuperando el derecho de la soberanía alimentaria
No full textBoth small farmers and industrial farmers provide us with our food, and we depend on them to feed us. As citizens, we should have the right to feed ourselves in a nutritious, sustainable, and culturally appropriate manner. This right is the right to food sovereignty, and we lost it when the government encouraged farmers to seek economic success rather than the health and well-being of all. In order not to depend on the government for nutritious, sustainable, and culturally appropriate food, we need to find other ways to be self-sufficient in our food supply. The agricultural practice of seed saving is one way in which some have been reclaiming their right to food sovereignty. This practice has nutritional and sustainability benefits as well as heritage significance. The objective of this research is to hear from seed guardians in the Arica and Parinacota region, the region of Chile with the largest number of native seeds, about how they are using seed conservation to address the issues that threaten their right to food sovereignty.
Tanto los agricultores pequeños como los industriales son los que nos proveen nuestros alimentos, y dependemos en ellos para alimentarnos. Como ciudadanos, deberíamos tener el derecho de alimentarnos en una manera nutritiva, sostenible, y culturalmente apropriada. Este derecho es el derecho de la soberanía alimentaria, y lo perdimos cuando el gobierno fomenta a los agricultores que buscan éxito económico en vez de la salud y el bienestar de todos. Para no depender en el gobierno para una alimentación nutritiva, sostenible, y culturalmente apropriada, necesitamos encontrar otras maneras de ser autónomos en nuestra alimentación. La práctica agrícola de resguardar semillas es una manera en que unas han sido reclamando su derecho de soberanía alimentaria. Esta práctica tiene beneficios de nutrición y sostenibilidad además de una significancia patrimonial. La objetiva de esta investigación es oír de las guardianas de semillas en la región de Arica y Parinacota, la región de Chile con la mayor cantidad de semillas originarios, sobre como están usando la conservación de semillas para enfrentar las problemáticas que amenazan su derecho de la soberanía alimentaria
Acceso al Agua en Oaxaca: Análisis de discurso y derecho
No full textEl agua es un recurso natural esencial para la vida y no renovable. Cuando la comunidad científica busca vida en otro planeta, uno de los elementos esenciales que tratan de identificar es el agua, debido a que cualquier forma de vida depende de este recurso. Esto es un motivo suficiente para cuidarla. Por otro lado, no toda el agua es apta para el consumo humano. Gran parte del agua que existe en el planeta es salada, por lo que el consumo de agua dulce, que es la que necesitamos los seres humanos, se reduce a una mínima parte. Un problema más se relaciona con la distribución del agua en el mundo. Existen países con mayores recursos hídricos e infraestructura para la distribución del agua, así como existen otros Estados con recursos limitados para garantizar el acceso al agua de manera igualitaria. Así, se puede observar el acceso al agua, en tanto un recursos esencial para la vida se torna en un derecho humano. Este estudio se dirige a explicar no sólo qué es el agua y su importancia, sino el derecho que la gente tiene para acceder a este recurso, particularmente en Oaxaca, México. Para comprender la importancia social y económica del agua, se busca investigar, en primer lugar, cómo la gente y las autoridades gubernamentales definen el agua, es decir, cuál es el discurso alrededor del tema del agua, si acceder a ésta se ve como un privilegio o un derecho. Esto último es importante porque se busca comprender cómo el discurso en torno al agua impacta el acceso que la gente tiene a ésta. También se investigará acerca del acceso al agua que los mexicanos (y corporaciones nacionales e internacionales) tienen, partiendo de algunas preguntas como si la población tiene acceso a agua potable todos los días, y cómo varía el acceso al agua, dependiendo del lugar en donde vive; cómo varía el acceso al agua dependiendo de tu identidad o poder adquisitivo; cómo ha defendido el gobierno el derecho o privilegio al agua. Todas estas son preguntas que se debe de responder para identificar cuál es la situación en la que la población mexicana goza del acceso al agua. El tema sobre el acceso al agua es importante para el programa de SIT Mexico: Borders, Migration and Transnational communities porque el acceso a derechos y a la vida ha sido algo muy prominente. Durante el programa, se aprende algunas razones por la cual la gente decide migrar. La gente migra por varias razones, desde la violencia estatal hasta la pobreza. La gente migra cuando su país de origen no les puede asegurar una vida digna y saludable. Teniendo esto en mente, debemos recordar que el agua es vida. Entonces, sin acceso al agua, el país no les asegura la vida
Socioecological Assessment of Birds in Ngezi-Vumawimbi Nature Forest Reserve
Get PDFEffective management of natural resources requires consideration of the environment through both a physical and a sociological lens. In this study, the birds in Ngezi-Vumawimbi Nature Forest Reserve were examined through both a biological mist-net survey and a socioecological series of interviews with people living in the surrounding villages. The mist-net survey compared the understory species in undisturbed and disturbed area of the forest, as well as analyzing birds caught for biologically meaningful information on subspecies and sexual dimorphism. While the mist-net survey was largely unsuccessful, highlighting the need for alternative bird capture methods in Ngezi, it found a decrease in bird abundance and diversity in the disturbed area, showing the risks associated with deforestation. The interviews explored the diversity of human-bird interactions on Pemba and the ways in which they cause certain birds to be particularly salient and well-liked. These interviews highlight differences between Pemban and Western conceptualizations of birds, emphasize the importance of hunting as a process of developing ornithological knowledge, and reveal differences in bird knowledge and support for conservation among genders and age groups. It is recommended that Ngezi Forest establishes bird-related environmental education programs for the surrounding villages, that future research considers adapting traditional hunting techniques as alternative catch-and-release methods to mist-netting, and that the ninga (Pemba Green-Pigeon) is used as a flagship species for conservation in the forest
Sovereign Seeds: Analyzing the Sustainability of Peasant Seeds in the Context of Climate Change and Rural Exodus in Tunisia
Get PDFHow sustainable are peasant seeds? I answer this question on the basis of three elements: environment, economy, and social justice. Using interviews with farmers from various regions of Tunisia, an interview with an expert on climate change and migration, and an interview with a civil society organization working to promote sustainable agriculture, I found that peasant seeds are a sustainable solution for a suffering agricultural sector. Depleted water sources and drought are bringing to light the problems with water-intensive hybrid seeds, and farmers are losing money. As young men increasingly leave the agricultural sector, women are left behind, finding themselves subjected to unjust labor conditions. Peasant seeds, which are suited to the Tunisian climate and have been developed throughout generations of Tunisian farmers, allow farmers to adapt to climate change while spending less on input costs. It also functions as an adaptation strategy available to women and the poor, unlike migration. As the impacts of climate change become increasingly clear, achieving food sovereignty through the use of sovereign seeds becomes increasingly urgent
How can Morocco’s crisis management and disaster response be optimized? Lessons from the Al Haouz earthquake response
Get PDFMorocco’s disaster management strategy has evolved in reaction to historical crises. On September 8th, 2023, the Al Haouz region of Morocco was struck by a 7.2 magnitude earthquake. The area was especially vulnerable to such a disaster due to its underdeveloped infrastructure, remote location, and lack of services. As the last phase of the disaster management cycle is unfolding, seven months after the earthquake, this research assesses the successes and challenges of the response and establishes areas of improvement to implement in national policies to optimize future crisis management across all four stages of the disaster management cycle
Unleash the Heat: Exploring Geothermal Energy Perspectives and Energy Literacy in São Miguel, Azores
Get PDFThe green energy transition is moving ahead in EU countries at very different paces, and there are some key challenges that all regions currently face in trying to phase fossil fuels out of their energy mixes. One of these challenges is that most regions simply cannot harness enough renewable energy sources and simultaneously have the storage technology for creating a baseload power source as reliable as oil, coal and natural gas. That is, unless you sit in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean on the boundary of three tectonic plates, with a continuous and reliable renewable energy source beneath your feet. São Miguel, the biggest of Portugal’s Azores Islands, has an abundance of geothermal activity and is currently harnessing this natural heat to provide around 40% of the island’s electricity. Although geothermal energy has been extensively studied and utilized in volcanic regions, there is still a lack of research on the attitudes and perceptions of the communities surrounding these areas towards this energy source. It is important to address potential stigmas surrounding geothermal energy and to bridge the gap between the scientific community and the public to ensure the effective implementation of this renewable energy source. This paper uses survey-based research to assess energy literacy and geothermal energy perspectives in São Miguel, and explore potential relationships between them. The study aims to identify community priorities and concerns regarding energy production in São Miguel, providing insights that can guide community outreach and education efforts focused on improving energy literacy and promoting sustainable energy practices
Geopolitics of Semiconductor Supply Chains: The Case of TSMC, US-China-Taiwan Relations, and the COVID-19 Crisis
Get PDFAs the demand for more advanced forms of technology continues to grow, so does the global importance and reliance on semiconductors. This research paper examines the impact of semiconductor shortages on both consumer and military production, as well as the geopolitical implications embedded within the global supply chain.
The paper begins by providing an overview of semiconductors, the global semiconductor market, and the impact of COVID-19 on the industry’s supply chain. It also discusses the importance of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) in the industry and its role in addressing semiconductor shortages.
Next, the paper discusses the impact of semiconductor shortages on the production of consumer goods such as smartphones, laptops, and automobiles. The US-China trade war and further geopolitical tensions between the US, China, and Taiwan have significantly disrupted the semiconductor supply chain, leading to shortages and price increases for consumer electronics industries. The paper also examines recent government intervention within high technology industries and specifically the semiconductor sector aimed at addressing the shortages faced during the pandemic and provides case studies of key companies affected by the semiconductor shortage.
The paper then examines the impact of semiconductor shortages on military technology production, such as advanced weapons and communications systems. The disruptions in the semiconductor supply chain have highlighted the importance of semiconductor manufacturing in national security and the geopolitical implications of these disruptions. The paper discusses the impact of US-China-Taiwan geopolitical tensions on the semiconductor supply chain for military technology production, evaluates key national interests and their reactions to shortages, and provides case studies for affected countries.
The paper has an overall lens of focusing on the geopolitical implications of US-China-Taiwan relations on the semiconductor industry and the role of other countries. It also upholds the sustainability focused value criterion of ensuring fair and reliable semiconductor distribution for fostering a stable and secure global supply chain. It provides future scenarios for the semiconductor industry and how past events and legislation will be either effective or ineffective in managing future supply chain issues. The paper highlights the role and need for international cooperation to address semiconductor distribution and the industry’s geopolitical implications.
In conclusion, the following research provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of semiconductor shortages on both consumer goods and military technology production and their geopolitical implications. It provides an analysis and further recommendations of government policies and interventions to address shortages and their implications and suggests future research in the field of semiconductor geopolitics. As technology continues to advance, the importance of semiconductors will only grow, making the understanding of the global supply chain and the tensions it raises even more critical
The Radical Imagination: Exploring the Intersection of the Youth-led Climate Justice Movement and Education
Get PDFThis paper explores the crossover of the youth-led climate justice movement and education, utilizing The Experiment Digital Climate Change & the Environment as a case study to investigate this crossover globally and locally. A 6-week virtual exchange program designed to connect 100 high school students from 23 countries, The Experiment Digital Climate Change & the Environment aimed to equip youth with radical tools to address the scale of the climate crisis. The study drew on the neo-institutionalism and systems thinking approaches to globalization. Employing qualitative research methods, including a questionnaire and individual interviews, the findings revealed that international relationships improved critical thinking and collaboration. In combination with systems change curriculum, the program spurred increased action in the youth-led movement. Findings confirmed that there is no one solution for educating on climate justice. Communities need to tailor their systems and pedagogy to their geographic locations, demographics and cultures. The study’s key contributions to scholarship include comprehensive systems change curriculum, the solidified connection between education and increased activism, and documenting perspectives on climate justice from exceedingly diverse participants