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Investigating the in vitro antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of pyranochromene derivatives
No full textCancer is one of the important health problems, and researchers continue their efforts to discover new anti-cancer agents. Coumarins (chromene-2-ones), a group of natural metabolites, have shown different biological activities based on their substitutions. In this study, 15 compounds of 1,5-dihydropyrano2,3-cchromene were synthesized by three-component reaction and investigated for the antiproliferative activity on the breast (MCF-7), colorectal (SW48 and HT-29), lung (A549), and brain (U-87 MG) cancer cell lines as well as two normal cell lines (3T3 and HUVEC). The apoptosis/necrosis-inducing effect of the selected compounds was determined on the MCF-7 cell line by flow cytometry. The results showed that the compounds bearing a moiety on their phenyl ring's para position had potent cytotoxic effects on the tested cell lines. These compounds induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. The compounds were also toxic for 3T3 and HUVECs and did not display a high selectivity for tumor cells. Our results revealed that the compounds having a moiety at the para position of their phenyl ring might be suitable lead compounds for the synthesis of potent anti-cancer agents. © 2020 by the authors
Epidemiologic study of brucellosis in jiroft, iran during 2016-2019
No full textBackground and objective: Brucellosis in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, is of great importance in terms of public health and its impact on the socio-economic status of society. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological status of brucellosis in Jiroft County. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using the medical records of patients with brucellosis referred to Jiroft health centers during 2016-2019. Statistical tests were then used to analyze the data. Results: In the present study, 392 patients with mean age of 44.31 ± 17.29 years were reported to the city health center. Most of the infection cases was reported from the cities of Southern Rudbar (131 patients; 33.4) and Jiroft (119 patients; 30.4) and Manooj�n city with 19 patients (4.80) had the lowest number of cases. Furthermore, 151 (38.5) patients were female and 241 (61.5) patients were male. The majority of patients (65.34) expressed the consumption of raw milk as a cause of the disease. Also, 76.30 of patients were rural and the peak of disease was recorded in spring and summer. Conclusion: Despite the significant decrease, the incidence of the disease is high in some rural areas of Southern Rudbar and Jiroft. © 2021, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis din Arad. All rights reserved
COVID-19 Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review
No full textThis systematic review summarizes the evidence on the earliest patients with COVID-19-HIV co-infection. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, preprint databases, and Google Scholar from December 01, 2019, to June 1, 2020. From an initial 547 publications and 75 reports, 25 studies provided specific information on COVID-19 patients living with HIV. Studies described 252 patients, 80.9 were male, the mean age was 52.7 years, and 98 were on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Co-morbidities in addition to HIV and COVID-19 (multimorbidity) included hypertension (39.3), obesity or hyperlipidemia (19.3), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (18.0), and diabetes (17.2). Two-thirds (66.5) had mild to moderate symptoms, the most common being fever (74.0) and cough (58.3). Among patients who died, the majority (90.5) were over 50 years old, male (85.7), and had multimorbidity (64.3). Our findings highlight the importance of identifying co-infections, addressing co-morbidities, and ensuring a secure supply of ART for PLHIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran
No full textBACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals' attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses' safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5 level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors' attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work. © 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and serotype distribution of streptococcus pneumoniae in the middle east region: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textThis study aimed to explore the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance levels, and serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae in the Middle East region. We conducted a systematic literature review by searching several databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar through 2000 to 2017 by using the following keywords: �Streptococcus pneumoniae�, �pneumococcus�, �serotype�, �Antibiotic resistance,� and �Middle East �in combination with �OR� and �AND� Boolean Operators within Title/Abstract/Keywords fields. We used a random-effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95 confidence intervals (CIs) for binomial variables. All statistical analyses were done using STATA 12.0 (STATA Corp, College Station, TX). We found 73 articles appropriate, on the word of inclusion and exclusion criteria, for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The result revealed that the pooled prevalence of S. pneumoniae carriage was 35 (95 CI: 26-44). The most frequent pneumococcal serotypes were19, 19F, 6, 23 and 6A/B which were found in 19,12, 11, 10 and 10 of isolates respectively. Pneumococcal resistance reported for azithromycin, cefaclor, clarithromycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline were 24, 37, 23, 11, 26, and 29 respectively, while vancomycin resistance was not reported. The highest resistant prevalence was reported against co-trimoxazole (Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). For this antibiotic, a pooled resistance prevalence of 43 was identified. The present review demonstrates that the prevalence of S. pneumoniae carriage was high in the Middle East region. Surveillance must be continued in this region to evaluate. The resistance pattern and serotype distribution. © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences
An evidence-based research on botanical sources for oral mucositis treatment in traditional persian medicine
No full textBackground: Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases associated with heavy complications in treatment. Mucotoxic cancer therapies such as head and neck radiotherapy and some of the chemotherapy agents may lead to oral mucositis. In addition to its economic consequences, mucositis also affects patients' quality of life. In Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) manuscripts, several medicaments have been suggested for the treatment of mucositis. Objective: Considering the public welcome for herbal medicine, the current evidence-based review study is conducted to investigate the herbal remedies which have been proposed for oral mucositis in TPM. Methods: At first, a comprehensive survey was done on Qanon fi al-Teb, which is the most im-portant textbook of TPM; then the scientific name of the herbs was authenticated according to the botanical textbooks. At last, data banks including Scopus, Pubmed, Web of science and Science direct were investigated for possible relevant properties of each medicinal plant in the literature. Results: In total, 30 herbs are introduced in this study. According to the registered documents, 18 herbs are reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-nociceptive and wound healing properties of which the therapeutic effect of only a few herbs including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Malva sylvestris, Morus nigra, Punica granatum, and Solanum nigrum were directly evaluated against oral mucositis on the literature. Conclusion: Despite the lack of human studies on mucositis for the other discussed herbs, their related pharmacological properties can be considered for new natural drug discovery supported by medieval and traditional experiments. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers
The economic burden of smoking-attribution and years of life lost due to chronic diseases in Mashhad, 2015-2016
No full textBackground: Tobacco smoking is one of the most preventable causes of mortality related to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to estimate the direct economic burden and years of life lost (YLL) attributable to smoking in NCDs in Mashhad, 2015-2016. Methods: Hospital-based data were utilized to calculate the economic burden of four selected diseases related to smoking. An epidemiological population-attributable risk method was used to determine the smoking-attributable fraction (SAF). Moreover, the study was conducted by data related to disease-specific expenditures and patients' information on cost and the number of mortality for estimating the YLL for each disease, population and life expectancy data, the prevalence of smoking, and the relative risk of smoking. Data analysis was performed with STATA software, version 12. Results: The total costs attributable to smoking for stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer were 94148, 151272, 1191396, and 574784 US Dollars, respectively (per 100000). In 2015, the YLL per deaths due to COPD were 4217 and 3522 among males and females, respectively. Furthermore, in 2016, the YLL per deaths due to the stroke in males and females were 8317 and 7563, respectively. In the same year, the highest proportion of years of potential life lost per 100000 smoking-attributable deaths belonged to COPD. Conclusions: The results of this study can be used to inform policy-makers about smoking-attributable diseases in Iran. To decrease the smoking-attributable costs, which have resulted in the spread of NCDs, policy-makers should adopt and implement effective policies regarding smoking prevention and control. © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved
Validation of a brief sex addiction screening instrument (Pathos) and prediction of sex addiction in the iranian population
No full textIntroduction: Sex addiction is a major psychiatric disorder in which a person is compelled to participate in sexual activities despite negative consequences. This study was conducted to localize a brief sex addiction screening instrument (PATHOS) for use in the Iranian population and to determine variables predictive of sex addiction in the general Iranian population. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of PATHOS in a sample of 443 Iranians in 2018. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (Factor 10.8.04 software). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate construct validity and variables predictive of addiction. Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified two factors in this dichotomous questionnaire and reported the questionnaire�s test-retest reliability in the target population. Prognostic variables for sexual addiction in the Iranian population were determined to be female gender, higher education, viewing pornographic videos, having multiple sex partners, having difficulty interacting in sex, and history of masturbation. Conclusion: The Persian version of the brief sex addiction screening instrument (PATHOS) has sufficient reliability and validity in the Iranian population. The predictive variables of sex addiction are indicative of the presence of risk of this disorder in Iranian samples and more studies are needed in order to enable prevention and treatment. © 2021, Sociedade de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul. All rights reserved
The emerging role of probiotics as a mitigation strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
No full textCOVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection accompanied by pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has affected millions of people globally. To date, there are no highly efficient therapies for this infection. Probiotic bacteria can interact with the gut microbiome to strengthen the immune system, enhance immune responses, and induce appropriate immune signaling pathways. Several probiotics have been confirmed to reduce the duration of bacterial or viral infections. Immune fitness may be one of the approaches by which protection against viral infections can be reinforced. In general, prevention is more efficient than therapy in fighting viral infections. Thus, probiotics have emerged as suitable candidates for controlling these infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, any approach with the capacity to induce mucosal and systemic reactions could potentially be useful. Here, we summarize findings regarding the effectiveness of various probiotics for preventing virus-induced respiratory infectious diseases, especially those that could be employed for COVID-19 patients. However, the benefits of probiotics are strain-specific, and it is necessary to identify the bacterial strains that are scientifically established to be beneficial. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature