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مدیریت هزینه بیمارستان از دیدگاه نظام سلامت و پیاده سازی راهکارهای پیشنهادی در بیمارستان شفا در شهر کرمان
Get PDFبررسی فراوانی و عوامل مرتبط با موارد مثبت کاذب تست غربالگری، کم کاری تیروئید نوزادان شهر کرمان ۹۶ -۱۳۹۵(مقایسه با نوزادان مبتلا)
Get PDFLetter to the Editor in Reference to the Article Entitled �Effects of Carbonated Liquids on Oropharyngeal Swallowing Measures in People with Neurogenic Dysphagia�
No full textThis letter is written according to stoichiometric calculation doubt about the article entitled �effects of carbonated liquids on oropharyngeal swallowing measures in people with neurogenic dysphagia� by Sdravou et al. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Exosomal microRNAs and exosomal long non-coding RNAs in gynecologic cancers
No full textGynecologic cancer is a group of any malignancies affecting reproductive tissues and organs of women, including ovaries, uterine, cervix, vagina, vulva, and endometrium. Several types of molecular mechanisms are associated with the progression of gynecologic cancers. Among it can be referred to the most widely studied non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). As yet, lncRNAs are known to serve key biological roles via various mechanisms, such as splicing regulation, chromatin rearrangement, translation regulation, cell-cycle control, genetic imprinting and mRNA decay. Besides, miRNAs govern gene expression by modulation of mRNAs and lncRNAs degradation, suggestive of needing more research in this field. Generally, driving gynecological cancers pathways by miRNAs and lncRNAs lead to the current improvement in cancer-related technologies. Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles which can carry cargo molecules among cells. In recent years, more studies have been focused on exosomal non-coding RNAs (exo-ncRNAs) and exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRs) because of being natural carriers of lnc RNAs and microRNAs via programmed process. In this review we summarized recent reports concerning the function of exosomal microRNAs and exosomal long non-coding RNAs in gynecological cancers. © 2021 Elsevier Inc
Pentoxifylline improves the survival of spermatogenic cells via oxidative stress suppression and upregulation of PI3K/AKT pathway in mouse model of testicular torsion-detorsion
No full textTesticular torsion-detorsion results in enhanced formation of free radicals which contribute to the pathophysiology of testicular tissue damage. Recent reports have identified protective role of pentoxifylline (PTX) against free radicals. Thus, we determined the protective effect of pentoxifylline against testicular damage in mouse model of testicular torsion-detorsion. Twenty (6 weeks old) male mice were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each namely: Control (sham operated group), T1 (Torsion-detosion + single dose 100 mg/kg PTX, T2 (torsion-detorsion + 20 mg/kg PTX for 2 weeks and T/D (torsion-detorsion only). Animals in T1, T2 and T/D groups underwent 2 h of testicular torsion with the left testes rotated 720° (clockwisely) followed by 30 min of detorsion. After detorsion, drug administration was done intraperitoneally. The left testes of all the animals were excised on the 35th day after torsion-detortion for histopathological and biochemical assay. Histomorphological analysis of the seminiferous tubules showed that there were significant increase (P 0.05) in testes weight, sertoli, leydig and myoid cells in all groups. IHC results showed significant increase (P < 0.01 or 0.05) in id4 and scp3 protein markers in Control, T1 and T2 compared to T/D. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that Pentoxifylline significantly increased (P < 0.01 or 0.05) the level of SOD, catalase, mRNA expression of akt and pi3k genes but significantly suppress (P < 0.01 or 0.05) MDA and Caspase-3 level in Control, T1 and T2 compared to T/D. Pentoxifylline could be used as an adjunct therapy to surgery in the treatment of torsion-detorsion related testicular injury, However, Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline on testicular torsion. © 202
The removal of tetracycline with biogenic CeO2 nanoparticles in combination with US/PMS process from aqueous solutions: Kinetics and mechanism
No full textAntibiotics have received great attention because of their abuse and potential hazards to the human health and environment. In the current work, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was added to a cerium oxide (CeO2)/ultrasonic (US) system for tetracycline (TC) degradation. CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a simple and cost-effective method using Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract and cerium nitrate as precursors. The as-synthesized CeO2 NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The effects of catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, US power, initial antibiotic concentration, and pH on TC removal were investigated. The results confirmed the formation of CeO2 NPs with a fluorite structure, spherical shape, and average particle size of 29 nm. The removal efficiency of TC was 92.6 in the optimum oxidation conditions (TC ¼ 15 mg/L, PMS ¼ 50 mM, CeO2 ¼ 0.6 g/L, pH ¼ 6, and US ¼ 70 W) and followed the zero-order kinetics. Experiment scavenger demonstrated both sulfate and hydroxyl radicals (SO4�-�OH) were responsible for degrading antibiotics. Biogenic CeO2 NPs and ultrasound waves-activated PMS is a promising technology for water pollution caused by contaminants such as pharmaceuticals. © 2021 The Authors Water Science & Technology
HIV in Iran: onset, responses, and future directions
No full textIran, a country in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, has been actively involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS over the past three decades. The unique features of the HIV epidemic in Iran are reflected by the modes of transmission and its recent changes to improve management and prevention programs. In this review, we recount the initial onset and subsequent spread of HIV infection in Iran, beginning with the first case diagnosed to the ongoing responses and most recent achievements in controlling this epidemic. Although in the MENA region, Iran is one of the pioneers in implementing pertinent policies including harm reduction services to decrease HIV incidence, drug injection still continues to be the major risk of infection. In line with other nations, the programs in Iran aim at the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets (UNAIDS 90-90-90 global targets to end the AIDS epidemic by 2020: by 2020, 90 of all people living with HIV will know their HIV status; 90 of all people with diagnosed HIV infection will receive sustained antiretroviral therapy; and 90 of all people receiving antiretroviral therapy will have viral suppression) and to eliminate mother-to-child HIV transmission. In this article, we discuss the strengths and shortcomings of the current HIV programs and offer suggestions to provide a better perspective to track and respond to the HIV epidemic. More generally, our account of the national religious and cultural circumstances as well as obstacles to the approaches chosen can provide insights for decision-makers in other countries and institutions with comparable settings and infrastructures. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved
Virulence factors, capsular serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae and classical klebsiella pneumoniae in Southeast Iran
No full textBackground: The present study was conducted to investigate the distribution of virulence factors, capsular serotypes and antibiotic resistance properties of classical Klebsiella pneumoniae (cKP) and hypermucoviscous/hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) isolated from different clinical specimens in Kerman, south-east of Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 146 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens. HvKP isolates were identified using the string test. Genes of capsular serotypes K1, K2, K5, K20, K54 and K57 and virulence-associated genes, rmpA, kfu, fimH, mrkD, allS, iutA, magA, entB and ybtS were evaluated by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was also determined using the disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 146 K. pneumoniae isolates, 22 (15.1) were hvKP. More than half of the hvKP isolates, 13 (59.1), belonged to non-K1, K2, K5, K20, K54, K57 serotypes. Out of 22 hvKP isolates, 3 and 3 had K1 and K2 serotypes respectively. Among all isolates, entB 140 (95.9) and mrkD 138 (94.5) were the most common virulence genes. RmpA, iutA and kfu were associated with hvKP isolates (P-value <0.05). However, no significant difference was found in fimH, allS, mrkD, entB and ybtS genes between hvKP and cKP strains. HvKP exhibited significantly lower resistance rates to all antimicrobial agents than cKP, except to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and ampicillin (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of hvKP was low, but overall, the prevalence of virulence-related genes was higher in hvKP than cKP. HvKP was not related to specific serotypes. Furthermore, hvKP isolates were more susceptible to antimicrobial agents compared to cKP isolates. Copyright © 2021 by The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy, and The Korean Society for AIDS
The potential role and apoptotic profile of three medicinal plant extracts on Leishmania tropica by MTT assay, macrophage model and flow cytometry analysis
No full textIntroduction: Treatment of leishmaniasis with conventional synthetic drugs is a major global challenge. This study was designed to explore the leishmanicidal activity and apoptotic profile of three leaf extracts on Leishmania tropica stages. Methods: The plants of Quercus velutina, Calotropis procera and Nicotiana tabacum were gathered from Anbarabbad county, in the southeastern part of Kerman province and extracted by maceration method using methanol alcohol. Various concentrations of the extracts (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL) were used against L. tropica stages to evaluate the inhibitory effect by colorimetric assay, macrophage model and flow cytometry. The MTT assay was conducted to determine the IC50 and CC50 values in promastigotes and J774-A1 macrophages, respectively. For intra-macrophage amastigotes, the leishmanicidal activity was evaluated by calculating the mean number of amastigotes in each macrophage and also IC50 values. The promastigote or amastigote stages with no drug and complete medium without organisms were considered as positive and negative controls, respectively. Meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) was also used as standard drug. Also, annexin V was used to assess the apoptotic profile. All treatment settings were incubated for a standard time of 72 h in triplicates. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results: The findings showed that all plant extracts inhibited the proliferation rate of promastigotes and amastigotes (P � 0.001); especially, Q. velutina represented the lowest IC50 in both stages. Besides, Q. velutina showed the least number of amastigotes in each macrophage compared to the other groups (4.5 μg/mL). The percentage of parasitic apoptosis at 1000 μg/mL of Q. velutina, C. procera, N. tabacum and Glucantime® were 37.4, 18.6, 8.5 and 52.4, respectively. Amastigotes (clinical stage) were significantly more susceptible to extracts and also Glucantime® than promastigotes (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study revealed that all three extracts of Q. velutina, C. procera and N. tabacum exhibited an effective antileishmanial activity and induced apoptosis against the L. tropica promastigotes. Further investigations are essential to isolate and analyze the chemical compositions and their biological properties. © 202
