10181 research outputs found
Sort by
Documentation As Meta-Level Activity
Get PDFToday we live in an information society, which is to a large extent also a document society (Buckland, 2018). In our daily lives, we must cope with an ever-growing flood of different documents, keep track of them, pick out relevant content, and produce documents in suitable forms. In addition, tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology, such as ChatGPT[1], are making their way into the document world, challenging us with new affordances, and questions about how to deal with them and what changes this will bring.
Existing documentation models such as the model of complementarity (N. W. Lund, 2004), the ontology of human expression (Olsen et al., 2012), and the document phenomenology (Gorichanaz & Latham, 2016) contain valuable indications from which we can learn a lot about the process of document production. However, current models are missing out on the relations between the variables of the greater system in which they are embedded such as documents as instruments, the community, rules, and the division of labor, as well as the subject\u27s actions, motives, and greater goals in the documentation activity.
This conceptual paper presents the model of documentation activity, which on the one hand can unite and expand existing models in the field of document theory, and on the other hand provide a common crystallization point for practitioners and scholars from related fields to analyze the documentation activity within a dynamic socio-technical system. The model of documentation activity is developed along existing document theory concepts using activity theory (AT) (Engeström, 1987) as a framework.
[1] ChatGPT is a system for natural language processing (NLP) based on deep learning technology which was developed by the company OpenAI. ChatGPT can generate human-like conversations by understanding the context of a conversation and generating appropriate responses. (Deng & Lin, 2023)
The Story of \u3ci\u3eNew York Times v. Sullivan\u3c/i\u3e: How Free Speech Rights Were Intertwined with the Civil Rights Movement
Get PDFThis essay, delivered to the Law Library of Congress as the 2023 Constitution Day Lecture, tells the story of New York Times v. Sullivan, widely regarded as one the most important First Amendment decisions of all time. It is a decision that has profoundly affected the workings of the press and shaped the contours of public discourse in the United States. And it is a decision that continues to raise controversy because of the broad protections it gives to freedom of speech at the expense of other rights such as reputation and privacy. The essay summarizes the author’s work and archival research in her book, Actual Malice: Civil Rights and Freedom of the Press in New York Times v. Sullivan (2023). It tells the story of the case and the real people behind it. It tells how free speech law was made in the twentieth century and how the making of free speech law was intertwined with the civil rights movement. For the civil rights movement of the 1960s was an engine of constitutional change not only in the area of the Fourteenth Amendment, but also the First Amendment. The American system of freedom of expression became exceptional, truly unique in the world in its broad protections for criticism, protest, and dissent
Creation of a survey and study on sleep habits of college students
Get PDFSleep is extremely important in all aspects of life. From the time someone is born to the time they pass they need sleep. It is crucial for their abilities to function and live their day to day lives. However, in different parts of life sleep is more crucial than ever. Young adults/college age students are one of those groups who need sleep but tend to pass up on adequate sleep. Throughout this, there will be the detailed importance of sleep and one way in which sleep can be studied in correlation to academics, physical health, eating habits, mental health and overall routines. A survey will be created and anticipated results and correlations will be discussed as this idea is dove into and discovered more
Crayfish Tube-Feeding Methodology
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper was to use a tube feeding method on crayfish to expose them to substances through ingestion rather than the gill. This was done to mimic human ingestion of substance to aid in crayfish research involving substances that are normally ingestion. This was done by using a pipette to inject grains of sand into the mouth of the crayfish. To determine if the method worked and successfully went into the stomach the grains of sand were recovered and counted under a microscope after certain increments of time post injection
Eurhythmic Use for Syncopation in an Instrumental Class
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate how Dalcroze Eurhythmic approaches affect syncopated rhythm integrity in an instrumental class. One graduate and five undergraduate music education majors enrolled in a string methods course took part in this study. A pre-assessment was completed using an etude for cello comprised of syncopated rhythms. Following a sequence of four Dalcroze Eurhythmics-inspired lessons, post-assessment results showed an improvement in the fluidity and rhythmic accuracy of the six participants on the performance of the cello etude
Beyond the Name and Nationality: Who are the Claimants in Investment Arbitration?
Get PDFCurrent efforts to reform international investment law focus in large part on the impact of investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) on the regulatory power of the sovereign State. At the core of the reform debate is the ability of foreign investors, as claimants in investment treaty arbitrations, to challenge the laws and regulations of the host State as part of dispute resolution. Modern investment treaties seek to safeguard the State’s right to regulate, but also impose obligations on foreign investors and promote responsible business conduct. Yet, beyond the name and nationality as alleged in arbitration filings, very little is known about the claimants themselves. Who are the primary beneficiaries and users of international investment law and dispute resolution? Are they predominantly large multinational corporations as it is commonly perceived? Are there any individuals able to bring claims in ISDS? Do they relate to one another? These and many other questions remain largely open. Answering these questions will inform and guide sovereign States and international organizations as the debate about the possible reform of ISDS continues. This Article seeks to fill the existing void by providing empirical data on claimants—companies and individuals—that have brought investment treaty arbitration claims in International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) arbitrations from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. It further analyzes the data on claimants and investment arbitrations to better understand how investor protection treaties affect the flows and structure of foreign investments and decisions by companies and individuals to bring claims in ISDS. In doing so, it seeks to contribute to our understanding of the functioning of the international investment regime and whether it achieves its goal of increasing the flow of foreign investments into the host State’s economy. The Article concludes by reconciling the goals of investor protection with the collected empirical data on claimants in ISDS and offers normative prescriptions for investment treaty- making
Thinking with Our Grandmothers: Past, Epidata, and Future in Designing a Proximity Affordance
Get PDFThis paper examines the limitations of historical documentation, focusing on the lives of mill girls in Manchester, New Hampshire’s textile mills through photographic images and family memories. While photographs, like those by Lewis Hine, provide insight into the physical conditions and harsh realities faced by young workers, they do not capture the inner lives of child laborers or the broader social context shaping their experiences. The authors highlight the shortcomings of traditional archival practices, particularly the subject headings applied to Hine’s photographs, which fail to reflect the complexities of mill girls\u27 lives. Drawing on personal perspectives from the authors—whose grandmothers worked in the mills—the paper explores the emotional and social consequences of child labor, including physical harm, cultural divides, and lasting social stratification. By applying the Proximity & Epidata model (Bonnici & O’Connor), the paper advocates for a more nuanced approach to archival research that incorporates the often-overlooked backstories of historical documents. This approach can foster deeper connections to artifacts and enrich our understanding of the past\u27s ongoing impact on cultural memories. The paper presents a revised framework to better document and preserve the lived experiences of mill girls, bridging the gap between superficial historical data and the lived realities of marginalized individuals
The Living Document: Medical Records as a Malleable Presence
Get PDFUnderstanding why individuals might safeguard information or keep secrets in working documents such as medical records is essential for the development of good quality care, fostering an environment where both patients and staff feel secure to part with sensitive information, encouraging more honest and open communication as well as improved quality of care. This ongoing research aims to deepen comprehension of information behavior in clinical contexts, where the contemporary medical record, with its increasing properties such as open record access for patients, can be viewed as an entity that both listens and influences. This examination sheds light on the complex dynamics of truth within clinical environments, where patients and health care professionals, due to a continuously evolving document, might selectively disclose or withhold information, aiming to safeguard themselves. Fifteen informant interviews among Swedish clinicians in pediatric psychiatry concerning the impact of open record access reveal that the contemporary medical record takes on a form reminiscent of a malleable presence, embodying qualities of a sentient being within the treatment space. Findings in the study shed light on the intricate mechanisms through which the protection of both information, patient, and clinician, intertwine with the contemporary medical record as an entity of great agency
Looking Back for Future Generations: An Exploration of the U.S. Census for Genealogical Research
Get PDFThe U.S. Census is mandated in the U.S. Constitution and has been recorded decennially since 1790. Its primary purpose is to record every person in the U.S. in order to apportion House of Representative seats and distribute federal funding based on state populations. But for many genealogists, the census is often used to research ancestors who lived in the U.S.; however, it can be difficult to identify people in early census schedules due to limited enumeration and questions asked. Reform in 1849 proved to be beneficial, not only at the time for gathering statistics about the growing country, but also for genealogists today as the 1850 census enumerated more people and asked more questions. The Daughters of the American Revolution are noted as the first to use census records for genealogy at the end of the nineteenth century. Since then, technologies such as microfilm and optical character recognition have created easier access to census schedules up to 1950. By examining the format and delivery, questions asked, and history of its institutionalization, the census proves to be one way of examining the country’s transformation over time
Framing Motions: Thoughts on Proximity & Recorded Motions, with a Demonstration Using Moving Image Choreographic Documents
Get PDFA demonstration of a multifaceted documentation method for combining captured frames of dance motions, a vetted dance notation language set as closed captions, and guiding choreographer notes into a fixed form sufficiently descriptive, creative, and suitable for representing dance in a form that upgrades how legislators think about choreographic works. This demonstration is informed by historic representations of the proximities of still frames in sequence and seeks conceptual proximity to this frame-work