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What Does Social Agency Have to Do with It? Positive Pathways to Adulthood for Groups of Opportunity Youth and College Students in Rhode Island
Get PDFOpportunity youth are emerging adults 16-24 years old, neither in a career nor attending college. In 2018, there were 13,600 opportunity youth in Rhode Island, many are low-income, young people of color historically excluded from educational and career pathways. The study introduces an alternate lens grounded in the capability approach to human development and provides new terminology for thinking about the positive trajectory to adulthood for marginalized young people. The research offers an asset-based construct to view social agency [and the dimensions of hope, empowerment, voice, choice, and comm(unity)] as a foundational capability. The mixed methods study measures strength of social agency and level of social agency facilitators (intermediaries required to actualize social agency).
Conducted in 2017 and 2018 through a web-based survey, focus groups, and a community-engaged research group, the study compares opportunity youth members of Year Up Rhode Island (a national career preparedness and educational program) and students at Rhode Island College. Based on quantitative and qualitative data, the two groups share many similarities in social agency, but require different enabling conditions in order to activate their agency. Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, the multivariate regression illustrates that there are no significant differences in strength of social agency. Data from the survey and focus groups confirmed that both samples had similar levels of social agency facilitators; however, the college students had access to different activities, opportunities, and personal connections including community mentors and work experiences. When asked to identify the most important social agency facilitators, focus group participants most frequently cited social and emotional attributes. Higher levels of social agency facilitators were significantly correlated with stronger social agency (p\u3c.001).
Race and ethnicity and mother\u27s education did not significantly account for variation in social agency or social agency facilitators, although older emerging adults had stronger (but not significant) social agency and female emerging adults had significantly higher levels of social agency facilitators. Finally, the preliminary data support the need for improved understanding of marginalized young people\u27s capabilities (including social agency), and targeted public policies that promote alternative pathways for all emerging adults to lead healthy lives
A Review of Phenylephrine Versus Norepinephrine for the Treatmemnt of Maternal Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Get PDFMaternal hypotension is a common sequala of spinal anesthesia used during cesarean delivery. The current first line vasopressor used for treatment of maternal hypotension is phenylephrine. Administration of phenylephrine can cause a physiologic decrease in cardiac output that could contribute to adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the use of norepinephrine as an alternative vasopressor for the treatment of maternal hypotension. A database search was conducted using electronic sources including CINAHL, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and PubMed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to narrow search results and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist was applied to critically appraise selected randomized control trials. Five articles were selected to be included in this review. Key outcomes were compared between studies and included incidence of maternal hypotension, maternal cardiac output effects, incidence of bradycardia, incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting, and fetal effects on Apgar score and umbilical cord gases. Overall, norepinephrine was found to be of similar effectiveness to phenylephrine for the treatment of maternal hypotension. When compared to phenylephrine, norepinephrine was found to maintain maternal heart rate better, and had a lower incidence of maternal bradycardia. No difference was found between intervention groups in fetal Apgar scores and differences in fetal cord gases were varied between studies. This systematic review found that norepinephrine has similar efficacy to phenylephrine in ability to manage maternal hypotension with lower prevalence of bradycardia. Further research is needed into the overall safety of norepinephrine before routine clinical utilization
A Comparison of the Efficacy of Mupirocin Versus Povidone-iodine in the Treatment of Nasal Colonization with MRSA/MSSA to Prevent Pos-operative Infections: An Integrative Review
Get PDFSix research studies were included in this review as selected following the PRISMA flow diagram. Each article was critically appraised using Polit and Beck\u27s guide to critical appraisal. Data collection was performed followed by a cross study analysis. The results showed that five out of six studies recommened the use of povidone-iodine over mupirocin intranasally to prevent surgical site infections due to cost-effectiveness, ease of use, higher compliance rates, and effectiveness
The Purification and Characterization of N-terminally Acetylated Ssal from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Get PDFMolecular chaperones are highly conserved, ubiquitous enzymes that maintain proteostasis by mediating protein structure in vivo. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can act as a functional switch between chaperone pathways, allowing for cells to enact a coordinated response to cellular perturbations. Several PTMs are well characterized in the context of chaperone function, though the role of N-terminal acetylation is commonly overlooked, leading to an overwhelming lack of scientific understanding in this area of study. Ssa1, a Hsp70 class chaperone endogenous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is likely N-terminally acetylated, though in vitro studies of Ssa1 are limited by current purification methods which are resource-intensive. To address these limitations, we developed a one-step purification scheme that uses a Protein-A fusion transformant strain in combination with IgG-conjugated magnetic Dynabeads to facilitate Ssa1 pull-down. Using this method, Ssa1 was natively isolated in high purity and yield while retaining its activity and our modification of interest. This study also established the basis for evaluating differences Ssa1 chaperone activity due to disruption of N-terminal acetylation by purifying Ssa1 in N-terminal acetylation deficient backgrounds. Through the expression and purification of the Ssa1 co-chaperone, Ydj1, this study has additionally provided components needed to facilitate future co-chaperone binding experiments, which will help determine the contribution of N-terminal acetylation to Hsp70 chaperone activity and efficiency
A College Life: Pandemic Edition
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.ric.edu/covid19_film_gallery/1006/thumbnail.jp
Eye on Ethics: Tele-Social Work in a COVID-19 World: An Ethics Primer
No full textThe coronavirus pandemic has transformed social work. Legions of practitioners who have customarily provided face-to-face services to clients have shifted suddenly to online and distance counseling. Of course, a relatively small percentage of social workers have been providing remote services for quite some time, as video, text-based, e-mail, and smartphone technology has matured. But, for most social workers, this rapid transition to online and distance service delivery because of COVID-19 has come with a steep learning curve
Propofol Based Tiva Vs. Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthetic for Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review
Get PDFMetastasis from breast cancer leads to a higher chance of death from that cancer.
According to the National Cancer Institute (2018) breast cancer survival rates among all three SEER stages (localized, regional, and distant) was approximately 90% between the years 2008 and 2014.
Among these patients, those with distant metastasis had a survival rate of 27% and those with regional metastasis had an 85% survival rate (American Cancer Society, 2019). When creating an individualized anesthetic plan for a patient presenting for tumor excision of breast cancer, the anesthesia provider should create a plan that l
owers the risk of metastasis and increases the patient’s chance of survival. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze which anesthetic technique, Propofol based total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) or Sevoflurane based inhalation anesthetic, will elicit less immune response.
A comprehensive literature review was completed using CINAHL, Medline Plus, and Pubmed Health focusing on propofol based TIVA and Sevoflurane for anesthesia maintenance for the removal of cancerous breast tumors. The PRISMA model was used to identify eligible studies.
Study analysis was completed by creating study specific and data outcome tables. Critical appraisal of individual randomized control trials was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. A cross study analysis table was also created to compare the results of all eligible studies.
The findings of this systematic review determined that Propofol based TIVA increases recurrence free survival, however there is negligible differences in the immune response between Propofol based TIVA and Sevoflurane inhalation anesthetic for women undergoing surgery for breast cancer tumor excision
An Educational Module Related to Medical Marijuana for APRN
Get PDFThis master\u27s thesis evaluated the impact of an educational module providing advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) students essential knowledge of medical marijuana. Perceived level of knowledge was surveyed before and after participants watched a 30-minute educational video module. Data indicated somewhat poor to very poor level of knowledge prior to watching the video and somewhat good to very good level of knowledge post video. Findings support the integration of essential medical marijuana knowledge into APRN curriculum
Knowledge/Attitudes of RNs Toward Veterans with PTSD/SUD
Get PDFNurses\u27 knowledge of and attitudes toward treating Veterans with a dual diagnosis of PTSD and SUD were evaluated before and after an educational PowerPoint Presentation. Knowledge was assessed using a brief, 10 question quiz. Attitudes were assessed using the Medical Condition Regard Scale. Results were analyzed according to gender, age range, level of education, years in nursing, and employment on a medical or psychiatric unit