Pacific McGeorge School of Law
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Comprehensive Conversations
No full textAn introduction to the contents in Volume 5 (Issue 1) of Euleriana
From the Intermediate Impossible to Core Democratic Check: The Future of the Right to Counsel for Crime Victims
No full textEmpower Birth: Black Maternal Health Project Improving Health Literacy and Health Management in Black Pregnant Women
No full texthttps://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/nursing-portfolios/1026/thumbnail.jp
The effect of CBCT integration in decision making in aligner treatment
No full textObjectives: Clear aligner therapy has been used for a wide range of malocclusions. However, crown-only virtual planning may limit insight into roots and the alveolar housing, potentially affecting diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment decisions. This study evaluated whether the addition of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) information affects clinicians’ decisions during aligner treatment planning. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted, presenting six de-identified aligner cases first with conventional records (panoramic radiograph, lateral cephalometric tracing, and standardized ClinCheck views) and then representing the same cases with CBCT-integrated models in a different order to reduce recall bias. Each case used ten standardized 0–10 items (0 = not at all, 10 = extremely). Responses were provided at the item level (no averaging). Primary exposure was CBCT vs non-CBCT; outcomes were treated as ordinal. Mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression with random effects for respondent and case produced odds ratios (ORs), 95% CIs, and two-sided p-values. The survey ran from March to July 2025. De-identified data were exported from Qualtrics to Excel. Only complete, non-duplicate submissions were analyzed. Results: Fifty-one clinicians completed the survey and were included in the analysis (orthodontists and residents from the U.S. and internationally). Across the ten variables, CBCT shifted ratings upward in most domains. Effects were largest for perceived root-position accuracy (Q3) and clarity of final tooth position (Q7), followed by diagnosis confidence (Q1). The global judgment of “safe movement within the alveolar housing” (Q4) was the smallest and least consistent. Effects tended to increase with case complexity (mild \u3c moderate \u3c severe). Median ORs across items spanned roughly 1.31–1.98. Conclusions: Adding CBCT integration with the root and bone information to crown-based virtual planning meaningfully altered clinicians’ judgments, especially for root control and anticipated final tooth position. The impact was greater in cases of moderate and severe malocclusion. These findings support the use of selective, indication-based CBCT during aligner planning when root position and alveolar limits are important factors to consider
The Role of Vertical Skeletal Pattern in Predicting Molar Relationship Transitions from the primary to the permanent dentition
No full textIntroduction:The terminal plane of the primary dentition is a well-established predictor of future occlusion, yet its prognostic value may be influenced by vertical skeletal growth. Hyperdivergence, in particular, has received limited attention in untreated longitudinal samples. Objective:To investigate the influence of vertical skeletal patterns on molar relationship transition from primary to permanent dentition and to identify cephalometric and dental predictors of final molar relationship. Methods: A longitudinal cohort of 58 untreated subjects from the AAOF Legacy Collection was analyzed across three developmental stages: T1 (primary dentition), T2 (early mixed dentition), and T3 (permanent dentition). Subjects were stratified by mandibular plane angle (MPA) at T1 into hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent groups. Cephalometric and digitized dental cast measurements were obtained at each time point. A multivariate L2-regularized logistic regression model was developed to identify predictors associated with Class II molar relationship at T3. Results:Subjects were on average 5.3 years at T1, 7.5 years at T2, and 13.7 years at T3. Baseline molar terminal plane distributions were similar across vertical skeletal groups (P = 0.106). From T1 to T3, mesial steps most often transitioned to Class I, distal steps overwhelmingly ended in Class II, and flush terminal planes showed variable outcomes. Hyperdivergent subjects, particularly those with flush or distal steps, demonstrated a higher tendency to finish in Class II compared with hypo- and normodivergent peers, although differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.513). From T2 to T3, Class II relationships persisted more frequently in hyperdivergent subjects (56% vs. 44%), but again without significance (P = 0.163). Logistic regression identified integrated dento-skeletal predictors of Class II at T3, including terminal plane relationship, overjet, PFH/AFH ratio, and maxillary intermolar width. Predictive models achieved good discrimination (AUC 0.84–0.88). Conclusions:Vertical skeletal pattern alone was not significantly associated with molar classification outcomes. However, children with hyperdivergent growth patterns showed directional trends toward less favorable molar transitions. Predictive models that combined sagittal, vertical, and transverse dento-skeletal features provided good accuracy in identifying risk for Class II outcomes, underscoring the value of integrated diagnostic approaches in the mixed dentition
Bridging Autism Care: Dental and Occupational Therapy School Collaboration
No full textThis study examines the interdisciplinary collaboration between dental and occupational therapy schools to support dental education on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An occupational therapy student created a recorded training module to educate international dental students on ASD. The participants completed a self-reported pre- and post-survey questionnaire examining their confidence levels in interacting with the ASD population and their awareness of other healthcare professions. The survey results showed improvements in confidence levels for identifying characteristics of ASD, communicating with clients with ASD, identifying sensory-based strategies, navigating uncooperative behaviors, and providing education for at-home care. There was an increase in the awareness that dental professionals\u27 collaboration with other professionals, such as occupational, speech, and ABA therapists, can improve the outcomes of oral care that they provide. This study demonstrates the exploration of interdisciplinary collaboration between dental and occupational therapy at an academic level to support the dental experiences of the ASD population
String Musician Health
No full textString musicians are at high risk for developing playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs), with recent studies indicating that 80% of string players experience pain and 74.2% report PRMD symptoms during their musical careers. These issues are particularly prevalent among student musicians, who often feel pressure to play through the pain . Many students do not report their pain, with even fewer consulting medical professionals and seeking treatment, increasing the risk of long-term damage to their body.
The physical demands of playing a string instrument can lead to a range of musculoskeletal issues. Some of the common injuries among string musicians include tendonitis, thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), carpal tunnel syndrome, and muscle imbalances. These injuries often arise from repetitive motions, asymmetrical motion patterns, poor posture, or prolonged tension associated with playing a string instrument. Treatment options for these conditions vary depending on the type and severity of the issue. Some common treatments include physical therapy, stretching, strength training, and in some severe cases, surgical interventions are needed.
Preventative strategies and early intervention are key in minimizing the incidence of these injuries. Educating musicians on proper technique, stretching routines, and the importance of reporting injury is crucial in promoting the health of string musicians. Musculoskeletal health education and smart practice habits have been proven effective in reducing the incidence and severity of playing-related injuries. Cultivating a culture that prioritizes injury prevention, transparency about pain, and proactive health management is essential for the well-being of string musicians
Screening The Carlson Lab Natural Product Library for Antibiotic Production
No full textThe misuse of antibiotics has deteriorated the efficacy of these medications and led to routine microbial infections becoming untreatable. New antibiotics are urgently needed to combat growing rates of antimicrobial resistance. Natural products make up more than half (55%) of all clinical antibiotics; natural products have either inspired or been directly approved as antibiotics since 1981, (Newman and Cragg, 2020, J. Nat. Prod.). The Carlson Lab Natural Product Library contains fractions and extracts from microbial and algal sources. Our work has been to screen the library for antibiotic compounds through 96-well plate liquid growth assay. The assay tests samples at varying concentrations against 4 pathogens three times (triplicate). Two hundred thirty-three total samples were tested as either crude extracts (fungi and gram-negative bacteria from algal surfaces) or fractions (marine and freshwater Actinomyces) and were tested against four bacteria known to cause human diseases (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella sp., and Eschericha coli) at 100 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 25 μg/mL. Of the total extracts and fractions, 53 showed growth inhibition (about 23%). Eleven extracts inhibited both gram-positive pathogens and two extracts inhibited both gram negative and gram positive pathogens. There were a total of 54 inhibitions against gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and 8 inhibitions against gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella and E. coli). Twenty showed inhibition at 100 μg/mL, 22 at 50 μg/mL, and 20 at 25 μg/mL.We will present our results so far and discuss the significance of these findings. Our future directions are to finish screening the remaining natural product extracts and fractions and to dereplicate any known antibiotics contained in our library
Medical Misogyny
No full textThe focus of this research topic is to address medical misogyny within the healthcare system. We will discuss current topics through a Feminist Theory lens of how often women are experiencing misdiagnosis, not receiving the care they need due to the lack of research, gender biases/stereotypes, and the dismissal of their experiences. A major factor in this research is the history of systemic bias against women in healthcare, as many women have reported feeling gaslighted or told they were exaggerating about their symptoms. Our research will illustrate when and why conditions mainly experienced by women are often dismissed by medical professionals due to the lack of research that focuses on women’s anatomy. This research topic will touch on the consequences of gender and racial biases within medical treatment and lastly communicate how pain management is neglected