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A prevalence survey of patients with indwelling urinary catheters on district nursing caseloads in the United Kingdom: the community urinary catheter management (CCaMa) study
Get PDFBackground: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is common in both hospitals and the community.
Aim: To investigate the prevalence of indwelling urinary catheters on district nursing caseloads in the United Kingdom (UK). Method: Participants were recruited through the Infection Prevention Society (IPS). An electronic survey was undertaken on a single day between November 2017 and January 2018. Data were analysed using
descriptive statistics.
Findings: 49,575 patients were included in the survey of whom 5352 had an indwelling urinary catheter. This gave a point prevalence of 10.8% [95%CI 10.53-11.07], which varied between organisations, ranging from 2.36% [95% CI 2.05-2.73] to 22.02% [95% CI 20.12-24.05]. 5% of catheters were newly-placed (within four weeks). Of these, most (77%) had a documented indication for insertion. Only half of patients with a newly-placed catheter had a plan for its removal. This varied between organisations from 20% to 96%. Only 13% of patients had a patient held management plan or ‘catheter passport’ but these patients were significantly more likely to also have an active removal plan (28/36, 78% vs 106/231, 46%, p< 0.0001). Alternative bladder management strategies had been considered for 70/267 (26%) patients.
Discussion: The management of patients with an indwelling urinary catheter represents a significant component of district nursing caseloads. Given the high proportion of newly-catheterised patients without an active management plan for removal of the catheter, the establishment
of an optimal management pathway should be the focus of future prevention efforts
Associations among adolescents’ relationships with parents, peers, and teachers, self-efficacy, and willingness to intervene in bullying: a social cognitive approach
Get PDFWe applied the Social Cognitive Theory to investigate whether parent−child relationships, bullying victimization, and teacher−student relationships are directly as well as indirectly via self-efficacy in social conflicts associated with adolescents’ willingness to intervene in a bullying incident. There were 2071 (51.3% male) adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 from 24 schools in Germany who participated in this study. A mediation test using structural equation modeling revealed that parent−child relationships, bullying victimization, and teacher−student relationships were directly related to adolescents’ self-efficacy in social conflicts. Further, teacher−student relationships and bullying victimization were directly associated with adolescents’ willingness to intervene in bullying. Finally, relationships with parents, peers and teachers were indirectly related to higher levels of students’ willingness to intervene in bullying situations due to self-efficacy in social conflicts. Thus, our analysis confirms the general assumptions of Social Cognitive Theory and the usefulness of applying its approach to social conflicts such as bullying situations
The health and well-being of older women living alone in the United Kingdom and beyond: a scoping review
Get PDFIn the United Kingdom (UK), women are more likely to live alone in later life. Social factors such as household composition have been shown to affect health and wellbeing as we age. The health and well-being of older women who live alone are of interest to researchers, care providers, health organizations, and policymakers. This article contributes to the literature by detailing a scoping review, establishing the current evidence in this field. The purpose and context of the review are given. The methodology and resulting data are described. Gaps in the literature and implications for practice and research are given
Liminality and event design: liminal space design for sport events
Get PDFIt has been argued that ritual has been sacrificed to give way to modern event management techniques that prioritise economic viability and stakeholder satisfaction over the ritual purpose of the event (Brown and James, 2004). In this chapter, the authors reject this argument, and instead propose that ritual is undergoing a new resurgence in terms of its impact on event design for sport events. The work contributes to existing research on the symbolic relationship between ritual and liminality in such liminoid happenings as sport events. The authors interpret the relationship between liminality and related terms associated with rituals: celebration, communitas, anti-structure and symbols. These are further discussed in view of design strategies that promote drama (i.e. dramaturgy), arousal of senses (i.e. atmospherics) and interactivity (i.e. servicescapes). It is asserted that, while ritual and liminality is far from extinct, there is an increasing importance for professional (sport) event organisers to show a greater understanding of how it should inform their creative process. This would enable them to execute high quality events that provide memorable experiences. The chapter demonstrates that liminality can inform event design and is a fundamental concept that must be considered for an event to be successful
Introduction to the special section on Internet of Energy: designing and planning of energy efficient smart control systems (VSI-IoE) [Editorial]
No full textIncreasing demand for clean energy intensifies the need for transforming the conventional grids. Even though the solution is renewable energy, the radical shift from existing grids leaves us with tremendous technical challenges that require an entirely new way of managing the energy system. Internet of Energy (IoE) benefits its stakeholders by increasing efficiency, wireless charging, saving money, and reducing waste
Time for a change?
Get PDFOrganisations are constantly having to make difficult decisions over where to direct finite company resources. These decisions need to be driven by a clear strategy and companies need to be prepared to manage any resulting change. This article explores the decision by the British Red Cross to withdraw from the growing event medical sector
Spatio-temporal crime HotSpot detection and prediction: a systematic literature review
Get PDFThe primary objective of this study is to accumulate, summarize, and evaluate the state-of-the-art for spatio-temporal crime hotspot detection and prediction techniques by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR). The authors were unable to find a comprehensive study on crime hotspot detection and prediction while conducting this SLR. Therefore, to the best of author's knowledge, this study is the premier attempt to critically analyze the existing literature along with presenting potential challenges faced by current crime hotspot detection and prediction systems. The SLR is conducted by thoroughly consulting top five scientific databases (such as IEEE, Science Direct, Springer, Scopus, and ACM), and synthesized 49 different studies on crime hotspot detection and prediction after critical review. This study unfolds the following major aspects: 1) the impact of data mining and machine learning approaches, especially clustering techniques in crime hotspot detection; 2) the utility of time series analysis techniques and deep learning techniques in crime trend prediction; 3) the inclusion of spatial and temporal information in crime datasets making the crime prediction systems more accurate and reliable; 4) the potential challenges faced by the state-of-the-art techniques and the future research directions. Moreover, the SLR aims to provide a core foundation for the research on spatio-temporal crime prediction applications while highlighting several challenges related to the accuracy of crime hotspot detection and prediction applications
The timeline of information exchange: a service evaluation of London Ambulance Service NHS Trust’s front line communication and emergency response to Exercise Unified Response
Get PDFIntroduction: Exercise Unified Response, Europe’s largest major incident training exercise to date, provided a rich environment for the emergency services to test their multi-agency crisis response capabilities. Supported by the London Ambulance Service NHS Trust, this service evaluation examined London Ambulance Service NHS Trust front line communication and decision-making via body-worn camera footage.
Methods: Twenty London Ambulance Service NHS Trust front line responders and evaluators were each equipped with a body-worn camera during Exercise Unified Response. The service evaluation aimed to: (a) produce timelines of the London Ambulance Service NHS Trust’s response in order to identify key events and actions during the ‘golden hour’ (the crucial first hour in the care of trauma patients), the proceedings of command meetings and the multi-agency response; and (b) develop recommendations for future training and evaluations.
Results: The service evaluation identified that, within the golden hour, London Ambulance Service NHS Trust first responders rightly and rapidly declared the event a major incident, requested resources and assigned roles. Triage crews were tasked quickly, though it was identified that their efficiency may be further enhanced through more detailed triage briefings prior to entering the scene. The command meetings (led by the Metropolitan Police) lacked efficiency, and all agencies could make more effective use of the multi-agency shared radio network to address ongoing matters. Finally, London Fire Brigade and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust teams demonstrated clear communication and co-ordination towards casualty extraction.
Conclusion: Successful multi-agency working requires clear communication, information sharing and timely command meetings. It is recommended that Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Principles multi-agency talk groups should be utilised more frequently and used to complete a joint METHANE report. In addition, training in areas such as communication skills and detailed briefings will enhance the front line response. Finally, body-worn cameras are shown to be an effective service evaluation tool, as a basis for promoting best practice as well as highlighting areas for future training and evaluations
The process and practice of participation in strategy making
Get PDFThe concept of participation in strategy making is poorly understood in the literature. This study seeks to address this by considering how participation is used as part of strategizing. It considers the use of participation by strategy practitioners in strategic episodes that take place over time. Using a single case study approach, semi-structured in-depth interviews with senior and middle managers are combined with direct participant observation and document analysis to abductively explore how participation is used in a third-sector organization. The changes in personnel and role trigger listening exercises and an openness to new strategic discourse. This results in an iterative cycle where individual meaning is formulated, before being explored in strategic episodes, then confirmed against collective understanding. This is presented in a three-stage iterative process model of participation in strategy. Further research is needed to explore the discursive and sociomaterial aspects of the practices used
The Bloomsbury handbook of music production
No full textThe Bloomsbury Handbook of Music Production provides a detailed overview of current research on the production of mono and stereo recorded music. The handbook consists of 33 chapters, each written by leaders in the field of music production. Examining the technologies and places of music production as well the broad range of practices – organization, recording, desktop production, post-production and distribution – this edited collection looks at production as it has developed around the world. In addition, rather than isolating issues such as gender, race and sexuality in separate chapters, these points are threaded throughout the entire text