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Young people's experiences of an anti-bullying Drama in Education workshop six months' post-participation
Get PDFThe purpose of this primary research study was to explore young people's experiences of an anti-bullying Drama in Education workshop, to understand the meanings young people have attributed to their experiences in relation to the workshop using an interpretative study design and to understand if the intervention has influenced participant's knowledge, skills, and behaviours in bullying situations. The research aims to fill the knowledge gap of the mechanisms in which arts and health promotion and health education interventions enhance social and cognitive skills in young people and the longitudinal impact of drama interventions and their relevance in enhancing long-term skills and knowledge
Receiving a diagnosis of young onset dementia: evidence-based statements to inform best practice
Get PDFIntroduction: Better understanding of patient experience is an important driver for service improvements and can act as a lever for system change. In the UK, the patient experience is now a central issue for the NHS Commissioning Board, Clinical Commissioning Groups and the providers they commission from. Traditionally, dementia care in the UK has focused predominantly on the individual experience of those with late onset dementia, while the voice of those with young onset dementia has been, comparatively, unheard. This study aims to improve the understanding of the personal experience of younger people undergoing investigation for dementia.
Methods: A modified Delphi approach was undertaken with 18 younger people with dementia and 18 supporters of people with young onset dementia. Questions were informed by a scoping review of the literature (O’Malley, Carter, et al., 2019). Summary individual statements were refined over two rounds to a final list of 29 key statements.
Results: Twenty-seven of these statements were rated as absolutely essential or very important and included the (1) For the GP to identify dementia in younger people, (2) Clinicians should be compassionate, empathic and respectful during the assessment and particularly sensitive when providing information about a diagnosis, and (3) Remembering that receiving the diagnosis is a lot to absorb for a person with dementia and their supporter. Statistical analyses found no difference in the scoring patterns between younger people with dementia and supporters, suggesting similar shared experiences during the diagnostic process.
Conclusion: Understanding the uniquely personal experience of young people going through the process of diagnosis for dementia is essential to providing person-centred, needs-led, and cost-effective services. Patient’s values and experiences should be used to support and guide clinical decision making
Interview: Carrie Sutton
Get PDFCarrie Sutton is a freelance directors’ representative working with independent creatives as well as music video directors signed to Biscuit Filmworks, Blindeye Films, Good Co., Kode Media, Rankin and The Graft. In her role as Music Video Commissioner, she has commissioned videos for Blur, Tina Turner, Pet Shop Boys, Snow Patrol and Robbie Williams amongst many others, with artists picking up 3 Brit Awards for Best Video, an MTV Award and a D&AD Yellow Pencil Nomination. In 2018, she was awarded the ‘Outstanding Achievement’ award at the UK Music Video Awards in recognition of her career as a Creative Commissioner, Directors’ Rep., Executive Producer and Producer
A comparison of the nationally important Infection Prevention and Control documents in NHS England and NHS Scotland
Get PDFBackground: The devolution of health to Scotland in 1999, led for the first time in the NHS to different priorities and success indicators for infection prevention and control (IPC). This project sought to understand, compare and evaluate the national IPC priorities and available indicators of success.
Aim: To identify the national infection prevention and control priorities alongside national indicators of success.
Methods: Critical analysis of nationally produced documents and publicly available infection related data up to March 2018.
Findings: For both NHS Scotland and England the local and national infection prevention and control priorities are evidenced by: a) People being cared for in an IPC safe environment, b) Staff following IPC safe procedures and c) organisations continuously striving not just to attain standards, but to improve on them. If national agencies that produce data were also charged with using a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) model, then there would be further opportunities to detect and improve on successes
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of regional cerebral free fatty acids in rats using the stable isotope labeling liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method
Get PDFFree fatty acids serve as important bioactive molecules in the brain. They are involved in message transfer in the brain. There are many reports available in the literature regarding the role of cerebral fatty acids in message transfer; however, most of the studies are mainly focused on limited fatty acid species or only a few specific brain regions. To understand the relationship between cerebral functions and free fatty acids, it is necessary to investigate the distribution of the free fatty acids among different regions in the whole brain. In this study, free fatty acids were extracted from different brain regions and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the stable isotopic labeling liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry approach. In total, 1008 potential free fatty acids were detected in the whole brain out of which 38 were found to be commonly present in all brain regions. Among different brain regions, the highest and the smallest amounts of potential free fatty acids were detected in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum, respectively. From a statistical point of view, 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, cis-11, 14-eicosadienoic acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, nonadecanoic acid, and arachidic acid were found to significantly vary among the four different brain regions (olfactory bulb, occipital lobe, hippocampus, and cerebellum). The variation in the composition of free fatty acids among different brain regions may be very important for investigating the relationship between free fatty acids and functions of cerebral regions
Regional metabolic patterns of abnormal postoperative behavioral performance in aged mice assessed by 1H-NMR dynamic mapping method
Get PDFAbstract
Abnormal postoperative neurobehavioral performance (APNP) is a common phenomenon in the early postoperative period. The disturbed homeostatic status of metabolites in the brain after anesthesia and surgery might make a significant contribution to APNP. The dynamic changes of metabolites in different brain regions after anesthesia and surgery, as well as their potential association with APNP are still not well understood. Here, we used a battery of behavioral tests to assess the effects of laparotomy under isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice, and investigated the metabolites in 12 different sub-regions of the brain at different time points using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The abnormal neurobehavioral performance occurred at 6 h and/or 9 h, and recovered at 24 h after anesthesia/surgery. Compared with the control group, the altered metabolite of the model group at 6 h was aspartate (Asp), and the difference was mainly displayed in the cortex; while significant changes at 9 h occurred predominantly in the cortex and hippocampus, and the corresponding metabolites were Asp and glutamate (Glu). All changes returned to baseline at 24 h. The altered metabolic changes could have occurred as a result of the acute APNP, and the metabolites Asp and Glu in the cortex and hippocampus could provide preliminary evidence for understanding the APNP process
Frames of decision-making in prenatal consultations in England and France. Towards a sociological, relational, and processual approach to autonomy
Get PDFRationale, aims and objectives
The article looks at how, during consultations, pregnant women identified as presenting an increased risk of giving birth to a child with an impairment, and practitioners in the field of prenatal diagnosis, decide whether or not to accept the risk of a miscarriage and proceed with a diagnostic examination.
Methods
We conducted 63 observations of consultations in France and 22 in England. Participants were women for whom an elevated risk of abnormality had been identified and the practitioners involved in their care.
Our analytical approach consisted in suspending the normative concepts of non-directiveness and autonomy, and in drawing on Goffman’s (1974) notion of “frame” to take account of the experiential and structural aspects that the protagonists bring into the (inter)actions.
Results
We identified four frames: medico-scientific expertise, medical authority, religious authority and compassion. Observation of the ways in which the frames intertwine during consultations revealed configurations that facilitate or hinder the fluidity of the interactions and the decision-making process. The medico-scientific expertise frame, imposed by the guidelines, heavily dominated our observations, but frequently caused distress and misunderstanding. Temporary or sustained use of the compassion and/or medical authority frames could help to repair the discussion and create the conditions that enable women/couples to reach a decision. Variations in configuration highlighted the differences between practitioners in the two countries.
Conclusions
Combining frames allows protagonists to exert reflective abilities and to maintain/restore interactions. The frame analysis promotes a vision of autonomy that is sociological, relational and processual rather than philosophical. The frames are anchored in different structural conditions in England and France
An introduction to gangs and serious youth violence in the United Kingdom
Get PDFThis article introduces the special issue on UK gangs and youth violence. Written to coincide with the
launch of the National Centre for Gang Research at the University of West London, this collection adds
the voices of academics who have spent years researching serious violence to a conversation dominated
by policymakers and media commentators. The authors examine trends in youth violence and offer a brief
history of UK gang research before previewing the contribution of the seven empirical articles dealing with
police gang databases, knife crime, county lines drug dealing, contextual safeguarding, offender mental health,
gang disengagement and criminal desistance