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¹H-NMR based metabolomics reveals the nutrient differences of two kinds of freshwater fish soups before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Get PDFSoups show diverse health functions, which could be linked to their original nutrient profiles and metabolites derived from digestion. NMR spectroscopy is a robust and rapid method that unveils or identifies the chemical composition of food or food-derived metabolites. In the current study, 1H-NMR spectroscopy approach was applied to identify the differences in metabolic profiling of two kinds of home-cooked freshwater fish soups (crucian carp and snakehead fish) before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The nutritional profiles of these soups were studied using the 1H-NMR method for the first time. Two metabolomics methods -PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and OPLS-DA (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis), were used to analyze the data. On the whole, levels of amino acid metabolites such as valine (Val), tyrosine, choline, taurine (Tau) and glycine were higher in the crucian carp soup, whereas higher levels of fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids were found in the snakehead soup. Furthermore, the high content of seven metabolites valine, leucine, EPA C20:5 (PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid), acetic acid, taurine, GPCho (phosphatidylcholine) and creatine showed an upward trend after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results demonstrate that 1H-NMR metabolic profile of different fish soups can shed some light to our understanding of food functional properties and dietary therapy. Furthermore, changes of metabolites in digested fish soups could reveal information about chemical compounds which play important roles in the body
Acanthamoeba spp. in river water samples from the Black Sea region, Turkey
No full textThe present study aims to investigate the occurrence of free living amoeba (FLA) in water resources (rivers and tap water) in Samsun in the Black Sea. The presence of Acanthamoeba spp. was confirmed in 98 of 192 water samples collected from 32 sites of Samsun province (Samsun centre, Terme, Carsamba, Tekkekoy, Bafra) by PCR. Acanthamoeba spp. were found in 15/36 river samples from Samsun, in 58/90 from Terme, in 12/30 from Carsamba, in 7/18 from Tekkekoy and in 6/18 from Bafra. No Acanthamoeba species were detected in tap water samples. The highest rate in river waters contaminated with Acanthamoeba species was in Terme followed by Samsun centre (41.7%), Carsamba (40%), Tekkekoy (38.9%) and Bafra districts (33.3%), respectively. The result of the subsequent sequence analysis showed Haplotype I (A. triangularis) in 5%, Haplotype II (A. polyphaga) in 29.6%, Haplotype III (Acanthamoeba spp.) in 62% and Haplotype IV (A. lenticulata) in 3%. The most common genotype was Acanthamoeba T4 (Acanthamoeba spp., A. polyphaga, A. triangularis) and T5 genotype was also found in 3%. The T4 genotype is the most common genotype associated with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) worldwide; therefore, humans and animals living in the area are at risk after contact with such waters
Graduate research supervision in the developing world: policies, pedagogies, and practices
No full textRecognising that graduate supervisory practice is not an abstracted academic pursuit, but an activity that is subjectively bounded by content and context, impacted by the experiences and beliefs of supervisee and supervisor, this text explores the unique dynamics of graduate supervision in the Global South, as perceived and experienced by students and academics within those same contexts.
Bringing together contributions which reflect a rich diversity of perspectives on supervisory practices at regional universities in the Caribbean and South Pacific, Graduate Research Supervision in the Developing World explores how supervisors navigate unscripted supervisory terrain; contextualise supervisory best practices; establish roles and relationships, and work to understand supervisees’ needs. By highlighting the effect on graduate supervision of complex sociocultural interplay and the relationship between learning environments and student success, contributors look to locate best practices through analyses of stories of success and failure. As the contributors demonstrate, there is a need to restructure the standardised operation of graduate supervision across diverse faculties.
This text will be of great interest to graduate supervisors and their supervisees as well as scholars in the fields of continuing professional development and higher education, in international and comparative education and Sociology of Education
Adjusting supervisory practices to suit student needs
No full textThe process of becoming a graduate supervisor may include formal training sessions devoted to discussing procedures and strategies but may simply be an ad hoc experiential process in need of constant refinement. This chapter uses structured reflection as a tool for examining a first time supervisor’s negotiation of her supervisory role to cater for the needs of two graduate students - focussing on the necessitated shifts specific to the conceptualization of roles; the provision of feedback; the nature of interaction, and the provision of non-academic support. The findings suggest a requirement for graduate research supervisors to demonstrate flexibility in order to meet student needs. The study also reinforces the usefulness of reflection on practice and points to the need for further research on supervisor/supervisee relations as a basis for informed institutional policy and best practice development
Smoking behaviour among Tuberculosis relapse cases attended at tertiary level hospitals in Dhaka city of Bangladesh
Get PDFThis case-control study was conducted in two tertiary level hospitals in Dhaka City to determine the association between smoking habit and relapse tuberculosis (TB).
The study population was registered adult patients who got complete treatment within 2-5 years. Relapse and non-relapse TB cases are listed serially in hospital record books. The relapse cases were selected randomly as case group and age-matched (± 2years) cured patients with the respondent of case group were included as control groups. A total of 170 respondents in each case and control groups were selected with 80% power and assuming 14% differences between cases and controls. The selected respondents who visited the respective hospitals on the scheduled day were interviewed face to face for data collection.
Mean age of the participants was 39.7±11.56 years. Significantly (χ2=20.767; p=0.000) a lower proportion of the relapse cases were found to get complete TB treatment 3 years before in comparison to that of control group. Family size more than five, education of secondary level, two earning members in the family, past smoker, smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day and exposure to second hand smoking were found to be significantly associated with higher proportion of relapse cases. Regression analysis revealed that exposure to second-hand smoking and past smokers were 2.4 and 2.0 times more likely to develop relapse TB respectively.
Tuberculosis relapse case was more likely to develop within three years of the complete TB treatment. Past smoking habit and exposure to second-hand smoking had the strongest likelihood of developing more TB relapse cases
The impacts of climate change on Greek airports
No full textTime series of meteorological parameters at ten Greek airports since 1955 indicated the level of climate change in the Eastern Mediterranean area. Using this data, take-off performance was analysed for the DHC-8-400 – a typical short range turboprop airliner, and the A320, a typical medium scale turbofan airliner. For airports with longer runways, a steady but unimportant increase in take-off distances was found. For airports with shorter runways, the results indicate a steady reduction in available payload. At the most extreme case, results show that for an Airbus A320, operating from the, relatively short, 1511m runway at Chios Airport, the required reduction in payload would be equivalent to 38 passengers with their luggage, or fuel for 700 nautical miles (1300 km) per flight, for the period between the A320’s entry to service in 1988 and 2017. These results indicate that for airports where aeroplane maximum take-off mass is a performance limited function of runway length, and where minimum temperatures have increased and/or mean headwind components decreased, climate change has already had a marked impact on the economic activity in the airline industry. Similar analyses could be usefully carried out for other runway-length limited airports, which may often include island airports. It is also noted that previous research has only considered temperature effects, and not wind effects. Wind effects in this study are less significant than temperature, but nonetheless have an effect on both field performance noise and pollution nuisance around airports
From West London to the world, the British Mod phenomenon
No full textThis paper, presented at the 15th IASPM UK and Ireland Biennial Conference: London Calling, held at University of West London, discusses the transcultural impact of the 1979 UK Mod Revival subculture.
2019 witnessed the 40th anniversary of the 1979 Mod Revival that was celebrated around the world, in festivals, concert tours, exhibitions and a wealth of publications. While the subculture takes its musical influences and style silhouette from the original 1960s British pop-culture mod era, The Who, Small Faces, soul and ska etc., it was this later 1979 Mod Revival, spearheaded and inspired by The Jam, that revisited the 1960s multicultural influences, and kick started a neo mod phenomenon, an amalgam of mod style, punk narratives, fanzines, d-i-y record labels and club culture, which has continued to evolve creating a broad church of shared
interests that have been adapted globally, creating unexpected hybrids.
While most bands never make it above cult following status, continued association with the emblematic visual identity has allowed many to cultivate enduring careers as performing musicians, live and on record, joined by waves of new bands following the same path while updating influences and regenerating audiences. Indeed, even The Who and Paul Weller (The Jam) retain close association with mod iconography, while Kenney Jones (The Small Faces/The Who) headlines 2020s London Mods Mayday concerts, the festival originally celebrating the recording of a 1979 live album of neo mod bands.
This paper traces the influence from the 1960s, discusses the 1979 phenomenon, the impact of the film Quadrophenia, the global spread through the 1980s, the influence on 1990s Britpop, and considers later examples from around the world. I describe how separation from mainstream channels has encouraged promoters, musicians and labels to create a platform that has sustained a globally recognisable branded subculture that embraces festivals, labels, publishing, and fashion becoming a self-supporting community, encompassing every level from professional virtuoso to dilettante covers bands. This niche marketing combined with direct-to-fan engagement experience typifies the approach developed by other thriving subcultures, now adopted by many major label music businesses
Primary school students’ perspectives on questions that bridge science and religion: findings from a survey study in England
Get PDFThis paper describes the development of a questionnaire to discover primary school students’ perceptions of science, religion and the relationships between them on a range of topics that are known as Big Questions. The questionnaire was administered in 16 primary schools in England with over 750 students aged 10-11. The findings indicate that students in this age group have begun to consider how science and religion relate and that while there is a diversity of positions, a significant proportion perceived science and religion to conflict. Analysis of responses also indicated that primary school students’ epistemic insight was limited in relation to their understanding of the nature of science and in particular, the idea that science has limitations. The basis and potential consequences of such views are considered and recommendations for teaching practice are presented together with ideas for future research. It is anticipated that the study will inform teachers and curriculum planners developing approaches and guidance materials in science and RE
Home and away: cross-contextual consistency in tourists’ pro-environmental behavior
Get PDFDomestic and tourism pro-environment behaviors (PEBs) are often found to be related. While pro-environmental behavior in the domestic context is well-studied, virtually no research has examined consistency in PEBs across domestic and tourism contexts. Here, we examined potential consistency and spillover effects between PEBs in domestic and tourism contexts using at 717-participant questionnaire study dataset, analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation modeling (PLS-SEM). We also considered potential mediators and moderators of these relationships. The results show significant positive relationships between domestic PEBs and tourism PEBs, with environmental attachment and pro-environmental identity positively related, and moral licensing beliefs negatively related, to consistency between PEBs in both contexts. Pro-environmental identity and moral licensing beliefs were found to partly mediate the association between PEBs in both contexts, whereas environmental attachment had a positive moderating effect. We discuss the implications of these results for strengthening positive relationships between domestic and tourism PEBs, and thus fostering cross-contextual spillover
