38961 research outputs found
Sort by
Summer Camps for Schoolchildren in the System for the Prevention of Teenage Neglect and Crime in the 1960s — mid-1970s
No full textIn the 1960s and 1970s there was a significant increase in juvenile delinquency in urban and rural
areas. The tightening of measures to combat it did not radically change the situation, and the country’s leadership
began to pay great attention to educational work, which was mainly entrusted to the Komsomol. One of
the priority directions in the work of the Komsomol in this period was the organization of summer vacations for
children. There was a search and testing of new forms of work, which was expressed in the creation of new types of summer camps for schoolchildren. On the basis of a wide range of archival materials, primarily reports from
the departments of the school Komsomol, the process of creating camps in the city and the countryside is analyzed,
and the problems that the Komsomol committees faced in the process of this work are highlighted. First of
all, there is a lack of funding. It is shown that the labor and recreation camps for high school students who were
striving to exist on the principles of self-sufficiency, created during this period, began to acquire great popularity.
At the same time, labor, military, sports, and tourist camps for adolescents registered in the children’s room of
the police began to be created. In this regard, there was a problem with training counselors for such camps. The
Moscow city committee of the Komsomol was the first to begin training counselors from among student activists.
The analysis of archival materials shows that regarding urban schoolchildren during the study period, various
types of camps were created for all age groups. The situation was different in rural areas. For the first time, inter-
collective farm camps began to appear in the districts, however, they did not become widespread
Youth problems in South Korean cinema (on the material of Lee Chang-don’s film “Burning”)
No full textThe article analyzes youth issues in South Korean cinematography, using the case of Lee
Chang-dong’s film Burning, based on the story “Burn the Barn” by H. Murakami. The theoretical
foundation of the study was the approaches of Z. Bauman, specifically his concepts of
consumer society, individualized society, consequences of globalization for the individual and
society, and modern retrotopia. The analysis of the film is carried using elements of system
analysis, which contributes to a better disclosure of the social content of the films of G. Korte
and N. A. Agafonova. The methods for collecting empirical data were the content analysis
of the film, a review of an interview with director Lee Chang-dong, reviews by Russian and
foreign film critics, and audience reviews that contain reactions to the social issues of the film.
The works of A. Lankov, O. Kiryanov, D. Tudor, and Y. Hong, as well as publications in periodicals covering the topic, helped to understand the specifics of social problems in the context
of the development of modern South Korean society. Youth problems reflected in the film
Burning are considered within the framework of economic inequality and social stratification,
gender inequality, the disappearing periphery (small homeland) and social perspectives
in society. To represent the key problem of socio-economic stratification and inequality of
life chances in the context of (post) globalization, Lee Chang-dong resorted to creating diametrically
opposed types of young people. Misunderstanding and tension reign between them
from the very beginning, leading to anger, which in turn comes out, and at the end of the film
a tragedy occurs. The inequality depicted by Lee Chang-dong, on the one hand, is a global
trend that is typical for most developed countries of the world. On the other hand, the director
placed this trend in the context of modern South Korean society with its specific features
Gaston Bachelard’s theory of four poetic temperaments: On the affinity of the poet
Get PDFIf Bachelard as a philosopher of science reveals in his epistemological works the negative significance
of the image as a factor inhibiting scientific progress, as well as the source of epistemological
obstacles, then as a poetry philosopher he aims to determine its positive value in
the poetic-oniric domain. By discovering the value of the fertility of images and the existence
of material images dictated by presocratic elements of nature — fire, water, air and earth — he
proves the importance and autonomy of the image in the field of aesthetics and artistic creativity.
Together with the application of the method appropriate for these studies, bringing the
subject closer to the subject in close subjective experience, as opposed to its “cold” form, the
image becomes known as the essential activity of the psyche. Imagination, “as the first and
vital function” (Bachelard) of the psyche, delves into its first being, which is an image. Imagination
— so deeply inscribed in the creative, affective, but also the unconscious constitution
of the subject — from the point of view of its content appears as material imagination. We
know that the image gains a material meaning in contact with cosmological substances — it
derives its content from the symbolism of the four elements: fire, earth, water and air — which
Bachelard calls “imagination hormones” — thanks to them “man grows mentally”. This article
presents the first definition of a Bachelardian image: an image as a composite and combination
of archetypal forms of the unconscious that belong to man/poet with material materiality of
the perceived external world independent of him
Mass claims in international investment arbitration
No full textFollowing the economic crisis in Argentina international investment tribunals faced a new
challenge: mass claims characterized with multiple claimants bringing the significant amount
of homogeneous investment protection claims against the host state. Neither the 1965 Convention
on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other
States, nor applicable bilateral investment treaties cover the tribunals’ power to resolve mass
claims. They are silent on crucial questions of jurisdiction and consent and do not address important
procedural issues either. In these circumstances arbitral tribunals face the inevitable
gap-filling process, which boils down to the critically important question of legal nature of
mass claims. If mass claims are nothing more than a mere variety of “ordinary” claims, than
the issues of special or “secondary” consent are irrelevant, since the general consent for arbitration
will suffice for the tribunal to find itself competent to resolve the dispute. By contrast,
if mass claims are different in their legal nature from “ordinary” bi- or multiparty arbitration,
they cannot “fit” into the scope of parties’ general consent. In controversial Abaclat decision
the majority ruled that the questions of tribunal’s powers to decide on mass claim brought by
Italian investors against Argentina pertain to the sphere of admissibility rather than jurisdiction.
This analysis was not accepted by dissenting arbitrator G. Abi-Saab. Interestingly, other
multi-party “Argentinian” awards followed the line of argument which significantly differed
from both the majority opinion in Abaclat and G. Abi-Saab’s dissent. This only highlights the
controversial nature of mass claims in international investment arbitration. This article is
dedicated to analysis of jurisdictional issues raised in the course of “Argentinian” arbitrations.
Since this analysis is strongly intertwined with two other systems of resolution of mass claims,
namely American class arbitration and public international law mechanisms dealing with the
compensations for states’ international wrongdoings, these two mechanisms are also explored
to provide better context and understanding
Literary sources of the image of Spain in the works by Marina Tsvetaeva
No full textThis paper analyzes literary sources of Spanish themes in the poetry of M. Tsvetaeva. The
Spanish theme in Russian culture and Russian-Spanish relations have been fruitfully studied
for a long time, but insights of this scholarship are rarely applied to Tsvetaeva’s works (generally
when speaking about the images of Carmen and Don Juan, or about the Federico Garcia
Lorca translations). Despite the fact that there are many works about the reception of different
countries by Tsvetaeva, there are no studies analyzing Spain throughout the poet’s work. But
Spanish motives appear in one of the first poems of Tsvetaeva, “The Street woke up”, and the
last year of poet’s life is related to the translations of Garcia Lorca. For the first time, this paper
takes a panoramic view of the author’s Spanish texts and reveals their literary basis. Among
the sources identified we find the texts of Spanish literature and folklore that Tsvetaeva read
in translation: folkloric songs, plays by P. Calderon, M. Cervantes, F. Garcia Lorca, etc. But
the corpus of non-Spanish sources is much more extensive: here we have the works of Russian
poets (A. Pushkin, A. Tolstoy, S. Parnok, P. Antokolsky and others) and foreign authors
(P. Merimee, V. Sardou, J. Sand, G. Aguilar, O. Wilde and others). We conclude that Tsvetaeva’s
image of Spain is a variant of the European Spanish myth. It has a heterogeneous character and
is formed by sources of polyethnic origin
The first German grammar, intended for Russian students (1713): Language material peculiarities
No full textThe article explores the first grammar of the German language, intended for use of Russian
students: “Die Deutsche Grammatica, Aus Unterschiedenen Autoribus zusammen gebracht
Und Der in Deutschland Studierenden Rußischen Nation zum besten In einem Compendio
herausgegeben von Charmyntes”. Peculiarities of the language material presented in the manual
are investigated. Deviations from the traditional German language description scheme are
fixed: assignment of three article types; viewing a person as a nominal category, complicating
system of verb tenses etc. We append the results of the research conducted by K. Koch
(2002) and. conclude, that in addition to J. Bödiker’s work directly referred to in the manual,
its author was influenced by the works of linguists from “Fruitbearing Society”: K. von Stieler,
J. Clajus, and Ch. Gueintz. The author also relied on French grammar by J. R. Pepliers. The
article analyzes the textbook illustrative material. Quotations from the Gospel, Psalms, evangelic
hymns, and catechistic literature were often used as examples. However, it also contained
a heretical example — mentioning of Lucifer among angels. The latter, possibly, explains the
mysterious circumstances of the manual publication. It was issued in Berlin in 1713 without
indicating its printing house. The author also hid his real name. We describe its surviving
copies in Saint Petersburg and Rostock libraries and conclude, that the work, brought to Russia
in the first third of the 18th century, was significant for the national tradition of language
description
Personnel policy of the state: Balance of public and private interests
No full textThe article examines a complex of problems associated with the implementation of the state’s
personnel policy in the context of the formation of an information society with an innovative
economy based on knowledge, and when new requirements are imposed on labor resources.
The content and directions of state policy cannot remain unchanged, since they are subordinated
to goals and objectives that society and the state face in a certain historical period.
For the formation of an effective personnel policy, the analysis of historical experience is of
great importance, since only taking into account both positive and negative experiences can
we find the best ways to solve existing problems. The article substantiates the provisions that
the state’s personnel policy should be based on a balance of public and private interests, in the
formation of a targeted, systematic and balanced system of training qualified workers, taking
into account the possibility of continuous training and professional development throughout
life. Special attention is paid to employees’ realization of the right to education when combining
work with training. In addition, the issues of placement of personnel, taking into account
social needs and the distribution of workers by regions of the country and types of activity,
are considered. The author substantiates suggestions about the need: within the framework
of school education, the acquisition of primary professional skills by students, as well as mastering
the mass and most demanded professions in the labor market; amendments to labor
legislation, which should allow employees to combine work with education, throughout their
life, regardless of whether the employee has an appropriate level of education, but taking into
account a differentiated approach in the scope of guarantees and compensations provided. In
order to ensure public interests, it is concluded that it is possible to return the practice of both
establishing quotas for young specialists and the practice of distributing graduates studying at
the expense of budget funds to jobs
Brexit and European Works Councils: А confused scenario
Get PDFBrexit has finally arrived and its consequences are still unpredictable. This exit is unique in European
Union history, as are its effects on economies, transportation, and workers. While the
Withdrawal Agreements signed by the European Union and United Kingdom aim to soften the
economic effects and grant a stable collaboration, there are some loopholes that could deprive
British workers of rights that they enjoyed during their membership in European Union, such as
transnational information and consultation rights enshrined in the art. 27 of the Charter of Fundamental
Rights in the European Union and disposed by Directive no. 2009/38/EC: a Directive
that no longer applies in United Kingdom since January 2021. This essay retraces and contextualizes
the effect of Brexit on Directive no. 2009/38/EC, mainly known as European Works Councils
Directive. The analysis deals with the exclusion of British workers and British representatives from
the rights of information and consultation granted by such Directive. Apart from the position of
British representatives in many European Works Councils, also the fate of some of these bodies is
at the stake due to the exclusion of British workers from the calculation threshold for their creation.
This issue will be dealt looking at clarifications set out by the European Commission to face
the several legal implications brought by Brexit in the context of European Works Councils.This essay has been written in the context of PRIN 2017 EC9CPX “Dis/Connection: Lavoro e Diritti
nella Rivoluzione di Internet”
Brazilian labour court decisions on privacy rights in the technology era
Get PDFThe workplace was considerably changed by technological and innovative advances. Some
extrapolations of such change, however, occur when the employer monitors landlines and
mobile phones, e-mails and instant messaging applications, internet use, and use and behaviur
in social networks. Brazilian literature in this area has been developing throughout the years,
but it is still insufficient and case law is not uniform, causing legal uncertainty that usually
harms the most vulnerable party: the worker. This qualitative empirical study therefore seeks
to understand those decision that to maintain and do not maintain (and why) the dismissal
with cause in cases involving the use of information and communication technologies. A legal
search in the jurisprudence of the Regional Labour Court of the Second Region (São Paulo,
Brazil) was performed and decisions published until December 2019 were retrieved and confronted
with the understanding provided for in instruments from the International Labor Organization
related to the future of work and termination of employment. It seems information
and communication technologies are still a recent matter when decisions from the abovementioned
Court were analyzed and confronted with International Labor Organization’s instruments.
This study understands that privacy and the use of information and communication
technologies could be more discussed and incorporated into the Brazilian legislative agenda,
so it generates policy development and discussion on the importance of protecting workers’
right to privacy
Guarantees of the realization of the right to work by disabled people in the Republic of Belarus
No full textThe article explores issues about the realization of the right to work by disabled people in the
Republic of Belarus. The ratification by Belarus of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities of December 13, 2006 made it possible to improve the system of medical
and social expertise, the procedure for providing services in the field of rehabilitation of disabled
people, issues of ensuring access of disabled people on an equal basis with other citizens
to work, the physical environment, including transport, information and communications, to
harmonize national legislation with international standards. The basics of legal regulation are
noted, as well as the measures taken by the state to realize the right to work by disabled people.
The article substantiates the provision on the expediency of fixing a written record of the
refusal to implement the conditions of rehabilitation in the individual rehabilitation program
of a disabled person personally by a disabled person or his legal representative when passing
a medical and social examination in the presence of doctors of the medical and rehabilitation
expert commission. The author concludes that it is necessary to bring into compliance the
legislation on labor and health care in order to prevent unjustified exposure of the employer
to legal responsibility in case of failure to comply with the conclusion of the medical rehabilitation
expert commission and the individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person
if the disabled person refuses to implement a set of rehabilitation measures. As a result, it
seems appropriate to fix the norm in the Belarusian Labor Code that the written refusal of a
disabled person or his legal representative from individual rehabilitation or labor rehabilitation,
recorded by the disabled person or his legal representative in an individual rehabilitation
program for a disabled person, is the basis for non-fulfillment of the program by the employer
and his release from legal liability