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Экспертное заключение ГУ МВД России по г. Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области. Отдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательства.
No full textЭкспертное заключение ГУ МВД России по г. Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области. Отдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательства.Abstrac
Assessing the factors of the overeducation in the rural labor market
No full textThe article analyzes the determinants of the overeducation in the Russian rural labor market
compared to the urban labor market. As a database the article uses the 2018 Federal State Statistics
Service Labor Force Survey microdata. The hypothesis of the research is that the main
determinants in the rural labor market are employment in personal subsidiary plots, marital
status, housekeeping and childcare. The authors perform analysis by each level of vocational
education: higher and secondary vocational (separately for medium-level specialists and
skilled workers). The determinants of overeducation are investigated using a binary regression
model. The authors reveal that a higher level of overeducation is associated with employment
in personal subsidiary plots for the purpose of selling products. Other significant determinants
of overeducation in the rural labor market include gender; marital status; age; the number
of household members; education field. Higher risks of overeducation are observed for
persons with foreign citizenship; single men; as well as those living in larger households. The
authors reveal significant differences in the determinants of overeducation among specialists
and skilled workers. At the same time, no significant differences are found in the determinants
of overeducation among high- and middle-level specialists. The results contribute to the investigation
of the problems of imbalance in the labor market in Russia.The research was carried out with the plan of research work of Institute of Economics and Industrial
Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, project “Actors, drivers, consequences of
social changes in the present-day society: theory and empirics”, no. 121040100280-1
Three types of negation in Russian (on the example of A. V. Druzhinin’s texts)
Get PDFThe study is aimed at identifying the formal, substantive, and functional characteristics of
negation-ambivalence, thereby expanding the traditional concept of negation. To achieve this
goal, methods of semantic and functional analysis were used: within their framework, a matrix
was developed for comparing various types of negations. As a result of using this matrix
on the material of A. V. Druzhinin’s texts, the following conclusions were drawn. Negationambivalence
differs from standard negation and oxymoron in the way it reflects reality conveyed
by semantics and the number of components involved in communication. It can be
argued that there are four communicative reasons for using negation-ambivalence in texts:
collisions of different points of view on one object; the multidimensionality of the object itself;
the complexity of the description; and speech reasons associated with the level of linguistic
competence of the speaker. Negation-ambivalence is always associated with situations of
choice. It can also be assumed that it is a marker of boundary states. This research can lead to
a local change in scholarly thinking and the practice of perceiving linguistic communicative
forms. Using negation-ambivalence as a text analysis tool allows streamlining many cases, the
status of which researchers argue to this day
Artificial Intelligence Strategy and consequences of its implementation for labour law
No full textThe rapid development of artificial intelligence in recent years has necessitated the legal
regulation of new phenomena related to the introduction of artificial intelligence in practice. Scientists and politicians raised questions about the development of artificial intelligence,
and about the formulation of principles and basic conditions for minimizing risks of
developing artificial intelligence in the future. This discussion led to the adoption of Artificial
Intelligence Strategies in countries that are leaders in economic development and countries
seeking leadership, including in Russia. The Russian Artificial Intelligence Strategy for the
period up to 2030 indicates development goals and the need to carry out a set of coordinated
actions, including in the field of legal regulations. This Strategy involves major changes that
will affect the production and services sectors, which will inevitably affect the organization
of wage labor. This article presents an analysis of the provisions of this Strategy and similar
foreign acts, which allows identification of key factors that can affect the transformation of
the world of work and compel changes in legal regulation. This study was carried out using
the following methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal methods of analysis and synthesis,
methods of legal modelling and legal forecasting. The results of the study provide insights into
the increasing impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the work environment, on the
content of labor relations, and about the need to revise some norms of labor law to adapt it to
changing reality.The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research according to the research
project No. 19-011-00320
Good faith performance of contractual obligations under Russian law
No full textThe paper examines the implementation of the good faith performance of contractual obligations
under Russian law, and identifies requirements addressed to parties in this area. The
relevance of the paper stems from the increasing Russian legislator’s attention to extending
the application of good faith in civil circulation, including the performance of obligations. The
research aim is to examine the nature of good faith performance of obligations. The research
material was the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Russian jurisprudence, and domestic
authors’ studies in the field of civil law. The methodological basis consisted of general scientific
(analysis, synthesis, analogy) and special legal methods (comparative-legal, formal-logical,
systemic, structural-functional methods, and a method of interpretation). It is justified that
the principle of good faith, being a general principle of the Russian Civil Law, is implemented,
in particular, in the field of performance of obligations. The implementation of this principle
regulated by legal norms ensures a balance between the interests of a creditor and debtor,
allows achieving the result implied and pursued by the law, and maintains the stability of
civil circulation. It seems appropriate to consider good faith in doing business, cooperation
between parties, and cost-effective performance as requirements contributing to the understanding
and achieving goals and objectives of the principle of good faith in relation to the
performance of obligations. It is important to continue working on the formation of a uniform
approach to the implementation of the listed requirements in the mentioned field by improving
the existing legal regulation. The effectiveness of this process will contribute to increasing
the level of judicial discretion within the established limits and will allow to guide parties in patterns of conduct aimed at achieving objectives of obligations, in other words, their due
performance
Concept and special features of proving in notarial activities
No full textThe article examines some problems related to proof in notarial activities and substantiates
the relevance of those provisions of legislation for strengthening the role of the notary in
the process of proof by introducing categories of limits and standards in notarial activities.
The establishment of limits of notarial proof increases the meaning of certain clauses of the
agreement (what exactly was checked and proved by the notary) and serves as the basis for an
adequate solution to the issue of evidentiary value of the notarial deed, reflecting the results
of the explanatory and verification activities of the notary. In the subject of proof in notarial proceedings, it is proposed to include documents, information, and statements containing
information on the presence or absence of certain facts of legal significance necessary for the
performance of a notarial act. Examining certain provisions of notary legislation, the author
concludes that there exists a presumption in the notarial process that should be understood as
provisions according to which a particular fact is considered unproven if a significant violation
of the notarial form is committed. Based on examples from judicial and notarial practice,
it is concluded that the main task of legal regulation of the procedure of notarial proof is to
create conditions for a comprehensive establishment by a notary of the circumstances that
took place in the relationship between the parties to notarial proceedings in order to eliminate
subjective factors associated with the peculiarities of perception of the same type of legal relationship
by subjects with different levels of psychological perception
Мы изучаем русский: для говорящих на дари. Урок 7
No full textТвёрдые и мягкие согласные М–М', Н–Н', Л–Л', Р–Р', П–П', Б–Б', Т–Т', Д–Д'.
Как тебя зовут? – Меня зовут ... . Русские имена.
Множественное число имён существительных
Мы изучаем русский: для говорящих на дари. Урок 8
No full textТвёрдые и мягкие согласные В–В’, Ф–Ф’, С–С’, З–З’, Ш–Щ. Множественное
число имён существительных (исключения)
и притяжательных местоимений. – Чьи это книги? – Мои
Мы изучаем русский: для говорящих на дари. Урок 45
No full textГотовимся к ТРКИ (А1):
субтесты «Аудирование», «Говорение»
ON OPTIMAL DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO COMBINED BIAXIAL BENDING AND AXIAL LOAD
No full textThis paper presents a new procedure for designing rectangular columns subjected to combined biaxial bending and axial load. The new procedure is realized within a new comprehensive structural analysis software for building analysis and design. Compared to existing engineering packages, the new program does not require pre-setting the distribution of bars before designing and gives more detailed results: not only the required reinforcement amount, but also a distribution of bars of a certain diameter along the sides of the column section. The program starts by inserting four reinforcement bars into the corners of the column, and checks if this reinforcement bars provide required resistance to the applied loads. If the reinforced concrete column fails to withstand the applied loads, then the program increases the reinforcement by adding new bars and checks required resistance again. This process continues until the reinforced concrete column is able to withstand the applied loads. The proposed procedure is realized within following methods: (I) calculation of the so-called column capacity interaction volume using a large number of interaction curves (usually 24 curves); (II) the elliptical approximation of the column capacity interaction volume (the load contour equation). Within the second method, the program calculates two interaction curves only: the first curve is for an eccentric case in X direction and the second curve is for an eccentric case in Y direction. In both methods, the interaction curves are calculated according to American concrete institute standards. The use of the new procedure within the second method gives results very close to the first method (the most accurate), but it requires much less time for calculation. This is very important when designing large structures with multiple columns