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Beyond barriers — discovering oneself and/or search for freedom
No full textThis article considers the individual boundaries of the “possibility” of everyday life. The individual,
cultural, and social restrictions that have historically existed and exist to the present
are shown. Variants of numerous changes in people’s daily lives, allied to the life beyond the
barriers which is associated with their individual lifestyles, their ability to overcome themselves
are analyzed. The connection between subculture and the construction of the individual
lifestyle beyond the limits of the possibility is revealed. The need for life “above the barriers”
can be determined by the search for oneself and the desire for self-realization. This may lead
to the need to restructure one’s lifestyle, to go beyond the limits of possible everyday life, for
example, in bohemian or transitive everyday life. The positive and negative consequences of
such overcoming, motivational and social factors affecting the changes in behavior and communication
style, changes associated with the necessity to create life on new bases that do not
always correspond to the personal capabilities are revealed. But the desire for personal freedom
of self-expression can come across social barriers and preventions, and in that case life
beyond the limits of the possibility is determined by the degree of rigidity of external pressure.
Variants of such a life “above the barriers” of artists, writers, musicians are analyzed. New options
of the “space of the possibility” provided by the digital society are considered, first of all,
the features of self-presentations and posts in social networks. It is shown that some properties
of social networks, primarily transparency, have an ambivalent meaning for an individual
lifestyle in the new digital everyday life. Attention is focused on new options of the possible
lifestyle, outside the rigid framework, but not in conflict with the main social norms. The
necessity of analyzing the everyday lifestyle over the barriers from the position of harmony
between the integrity and variability of the personality is proved.The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant, project nо. 20-013-
00075, “Man in everyday life: psychological phenomenology and patterns”
Self-concept of students of additional training programs in the field of management
No full textThe paper deals with the key psychological factors of professional realization and social success
of people participating in executive training programs in the field of management in the adulthood.
The modern concept of continuing education needs to investigate the psychological and
economic problems of adult learning. This research is devoted to the study of the self-concept as
an important and insufficiently studied mechanism for regulating human behavior. The choice
of training in MBA programs is considered as a manifestation of an active strategy of human adaptation
to dynamic social and economic conditions. The study centers on the personal-activity
and competenced-based approaches. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of selfesteem
and its role in the professional adaptation of adult students of executive programs (Master
of Business Administration). The study used well-known psychological questionnaires and
methods of descriptive and multidimensional analysis of data processing. The study revealed that
the self-concept of students of Master of Business Administration programs plays a significant
role in the choice of training as a way of professional development of managers. The inclusion
of the emotional-evaluative component of the self-concept in the personal potential of students
was statistically confirmed. The results indicate possible intrapersonal conflicts of students in the
process of learning management as a significant field of professional activity. The study identified
such factors as “problematic introversion”, “problematic creativity”, “problematic adaptability”
and “self-critical leadership” which show the importance of accuracy of self-assessment for the
choice of the content of training and the direction of self-development. The results of the study
are important for understanding of the personal mechanisms of professional and career selfrealization
of adults in the context of continuing education as well as for assessment of the effectiveness
of receiving executive education.The study was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research:
project number 20-013-00427 “Psychological resources of professional self-realization and social success of
adults in the context of the concept of lifelong education”
Revisiting the concepts of liability of foreignness and liability of outsidership from foreign subsidiary management perspective
Full text linkThe concepts of liability of foreignness and liability of outsidership have been central in international
business research. The Uppsala model explains that firms often face obstacles and opportunities
in management practices in a host market when internationalizing abroad. International
business scholars discussed these concepts redundantly but vaguely in the literature. Only
a few literature sources defined and utilized the concepts clearly over the last decade, however,
it has not been demonstrated how the key constructs help to explain firms’ foreign subsidiary
management. Therefore, the study reconsiders the concepts and identifies a proper utilization
of the concepts in the texts drawing on an intensive systematic literature review in the leading
international business and strategy journals from 2011 to 2021. The study also analyzes the
articles in which the authors find ambiguous and overlapping use of the concepts by clarifying
key constructs as identifiers. The study integrates defensive and offensive options for overcoming
liability of foreignness and liability of outsidership into our conceptual model of operational
structures from the foreign subsidiary management perspectives. The study contributes by providing
a novel intensive literature review of the concepts over the last decade; by clarifying the
key identifiers to distinguish the concepts in the leading international business and strategy journals;
by proposing newly integrated conceptual models of defensive and offensive options from
foreign subsidiary management perspectives with the focus on intra-organizational structures
for operational aspects.The research was supported by St. Petersburg University, grant ID 77099799, project ID 77099884
The restaurant business value proposition: Intellectual text analysis of online customer reviews
No full textThe purpose of the paper is to study value proposition factors in online customer reviews that
characterize consumer inquiries in the catering industry by using text-mining techniques. Research
design focuses on the analysis of chain restaurants, which focuses on the usefulness of the service
indicated in a quantitative system of scores, and pleasure factors for customers. Empirical data from
201 online reviews were collected from TripAdvisor service, which contains information about
consumer preferences from St. Petersburg, Russia. In addition to text mining, the study used a correlation
analysis of rating scores for chain restaurant customers, comparing the online reviews of
satisfied and dissatisfied customers. The results of the study identified certain categories of factors of
high importance for customers, which were revealed in both positive and negative online reviews.
The results of the analysis help the restaurant management system to manage the value proposition
properly taking into account various consumer factors of the preferences indicated in reviews. The
research implications allow managers to purposefully select those factors that will achieve the desired
effect in the relationship marketing. This study gives an opportunity to management specialists
of the company explore and account for the emotional sentiment of online reviews
Smuggling Consumer Goods in Soviet Russia in the Period of the New Economic Policy
Full text linkThe purpose of the paper is to analyze the reasons for the persistence of consumer smuggling
in Soviet Russia / USSR during the period of the New Economic Policy. The study draws upon
national and regional archives and archives run by specific government departments as well as
upon statistical and media sources. The authors conclude that the main reason for the smuggling
trade was the shortage of consumer goods, which was caused by a decrease in imports
and a reorientation of manufacturing towards the industrial products, rejection of the ideology
of “everyday asceticism”, and the emergence of a new Soviet bourgeoisie. They believe that
the factors for maintaining the scale of consumer smuggling were: disagreements between
the border guard and the customs service, the leniency of punishments for smuggling, and
the underdevelopment of border duty-free trade. The authors show that a lack of consumer
imports led to a demand for smuggled items, which transformed within a short period of time
(the first post-Revolutionary decade) unorganized smuggling carried out by individuals into
a large-scale smuggling operation set up by organizations in which each member performed
a specific function. The study demonstrates that government policies of protecting the state
monopoly of foreign trade and a steady demand for smuggled goods contributed to the preservation
of the smuggling industry. The presence of illegally imported consumer goods on the
market contributed to the stabilization of the social situation in Soviet Russia during the years
of the New Economic Policy. It became an alternative channel for satisfying the material needs
of the urban population. Western products were not only sold from under the counter to representatives
of the wealthy strata of the population but also entered the state and cooperative
commercial network and craft workshops, which reduced shortages of goods on the domestic
market. Smuggling in the 1920s could be classified as a “victimless crime” because it benefited
not only its perpetrators but also those who used their services
“Dirty Period”: Freedom of Speech in the Russian Province in 1905–1913 through the Eyes of the Local Administration
No full textUsing memoirs, journalism, business correspondence, and heads of provincial administration late
Imperial Russia, this article examines attitudes to freedom of speech imposed by the Manifesto of 17 October
1905. The democratic freedoms granted from the crown at one of the most tense moments of the first Russian
revolution were immediately and actively used by the liberation movement to fight the existing system, which predetermined
the further negative attitude towards them from the tsarist bureaucracy. The owners of the provinces
were not used to open criticism of their actions by various social forces, and the identification of government
repression with their names in the opposition press was perceived as a threat to their own lives. The heads of
the provincial state apparatus expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that freedom of speech had ruined their
monopoly on the interpretation of state policy and evaluation of social processes. Administrative repression and
prosecution prevented the bureaucracy from fully taking control of the independent press, which was the main
expression of freedom of speech in this historical period, and in the eyes of local administration leaders, the main
troublemaker in provincial society. In relation to freedom of speech, representatives of the provincial administrative
elite regret the inability to squeeze this phenomenon of public life into the usual bureaucratic framework. Their
administrative mentality, formed by a long career in the autocratic bureaucracy, did not allow them to adequately
perceive democratic changes in public life
Projects of Mobilization of Oil Resources for the Needs of Forced Industrialization
No full textUsing on published and unpublished documents, the problem of “searches” at the turn of the 1920s
and 1930s is investigated. Mechanisms to achieve growth of oil production and oil exports to meet the needs of
forced industrialization in the USSR are a central theme. The documents studied suggest that there were projects
in this period that provided various options for the reorganization of the management of the oil industry
and the use of mechanisms to ensure the implementation of five-year plans. While the management of Grozneft
proposed strengthening cost accounting, expanding independence, and expanding the rights of each business
unit and to increase the pace of technical reconstruction, representatives of the most important Azerbaijani oil
region at that time insisted on the need to send significant financial resources to the government, complained
about staff shortages and equipment. However, for central authorities, deficiencies in trust management seemed
to be a preferable explanation for the failure to fulfill plans. The documents also indicate a very difficult situation
for the Soviet oil trusts that developed on the world energy market during this period. The study concludes that
projects that assumed greater independence of oil regions and an increase in government funding could not be
arranged by the central government. The stake was placed on an ever-increasing centralization of management,
strict submission to dictated from above plans. Their failure was accompanied by the arrests of a cohort of brilliant
oil workers. Despite the repressions, a very difficult geopolitical situation, thanks to experienced specialists and
previously gained positions in the world energy market, it was possible to force production and oil export of Soviet
oil products. Moreover, the share of crude oil export in the late 1930s was very minor
Weak Secretaries: How the Central Committee Assessed the Professionalism of Soviet Regional Leaders in 1946–1948
No full textThe article explores the reasons, course, and results of studying the professional qualities of the first
secretaries of regional party committees in 1946–1948. This survey was prompted by the desire of the Soviet
top leadership in the first post-war years to improve regional leadership and thereby increase the efficiency of
the management system. For this purpose, the Cadres department of the Central Committee of the AUCP(b)
compiled special characteristics for the first secretaries of obkom, kraikom and republican committees, which
included an assessment of their organizational skills and career prospects. The assessment of these leaders was
not based on the usual formal criteria (education level, political training and work experience), but according to
the fulfillment of the center’s tasks, leadership style and authority among local managers. In the opinion of the
Central Committee, the ability to establish work of the party apparatus and normal relations with local managers
allowed regional leaders to cope with their duties. Despite the weak analysis of the data, vague assessment criteria
and their arbitrary application, softening and correcting the estimates, disappointing results were obtained.
It turned out that many of the first secretaries of regional party committees did not have elementary managerial
skills, practiced a dictatorial leadership style, and chronically failed to perform economic tasks. Based on this, it
was necessary to replace half of the regional leaders, but Cadres department of the Central Committee proposed to dismiss only 10 % of the first secretaries and keep at work another 20 % due to short-term retraining. Nevertheless,
in 1946–1948, even such modest plans could not be implemented due to the lack of a cadre reserve, and
therefore the renewal of the corps of regional leaders was delayed until the early 1950s
Экспертное заключение по материалам запроса ГУ МВД России по г. Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области(Отдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательства)
No full textОтдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательстваabstrac
Citizens E-participation in the modern metropolis: Area and specifics
No full textThe paper explores the history of the development of the e-communication environment for
interactions between the authorities and citizens in the electoral metropolis of St. Petersburg.
The paper presents the results of a comprehensive exploratory study with two components.
The first study was conducted in 2021 using the expert survey method, attended by 60 people
from among employees of government and local governments, management companies,
organizations in the housing and communal services sector, representatives of the scientific
and educational community, and city activists. The second study, conducted by surveying 354
employees of 43 executive bodies of state power, reveals assessments and opinions of officials
on the nature of the exercise of the right to a position owned by citizens, as well as increasing
the level of development of society in the social a group of employees of the executive bodies
of state power of St. Petersburg. The results of these empirical studies are interpreted in the
context of data, obtained through surveys of the population and employees of St. Petersburg.
The results of a survey of civil servants, as well as experience, confirmed the need to support
the authorities in order to increase the influence of the population. In the authorities, interaction
and information exchange between officials is quite clearly built, and representatives
of this group positively assess the effects of using electronic formats of interaction with the
population.The work was carried out within the framework of the ITMO University research project no.
621304 “Development of a thematic clustering service for the text corpus “Development of Digital Public
Administration in the Russian Federation” based on machine learning”