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German experience of migrants integration
Full text linkThe article presents a comprehensive analysis of the integration politics of Germany and identifies
the features of its implementation, considers the history of migration processes in Germany,
as well as the current migration situation. The migration politics of Germany and the
measures taken by the German authorities to implement integration programs for immigrants
are analyzed. The problems of integration of immigrants in modern conditions are determined.
The sociocultural integration of immigrants is described taking into account their
cultural and ethnic characteristics. An analysis is made of the problems and difficulties that
arise during the adaptation of immigrants in German society. To achieve the goal, a number of
methods were used, such as: the historical method, which made it possible to trace the stages
of development of the German integration politics and to identify the factors that influenced
the formation of the integration politics of modern immigrants; the method of statistical analysis
that made it possible to determine the extent of immigration; method of system analysis,
to obtain a holistic view of the current migration situation in Germany. Undoubtedly, the topic
of migration, integration and adaptation of immigrants remains very relevant, especially for
a united Europe. In Germany, a large number of the state reforms have been carried out to
strengthen the effectiveness of the regulation of immigration flows and the implementation
of integration politics. It seems, the experience of implementing the migration politics, the
difficulties that had to be overcome along the way, and the results that Germany managed to
achieve, which, thanks to the implementation of the politics of hospitality and open doors,
became one of the countries with an extremely large number of immigrants, can be useful and
interesting for other countries
Trading zones and boundary objects: To the typology
No full textBased on the concept of boundary objects and gift exchange, the article proposes a classification
of trading zones. Boundary objects are material or abstract objects that are used by
various social groups. Following from their joint use, it is possible to build a common field
of understanding. The exchange of gifts, such as knowledge, skills, various competencies, and
material and technical resources, starts the process of forming trading zones, i. e. spaces of
coordination of activities and beliefs of various social groups. Based on the analysis of the
concepts of boundary objects and the exchange of gifts, three types of trading zones can be
distinguished. In the first type, the exchange takes place within the scientific community, boundary objects function as objects of science, and participants in the trading zone have a
similar institutional status. In the second, the exchange of gifts takes place between scientists
and non-scientists who aspire to become scientists. Scientists have institutional advantages
here, since they can bring their scientific knowledge as a gift, while non-scientists are only able
to accept this gift. In response, they can share solely the cultural elements of scientific knowledge.
However, partly these elements are already built in the knowledge of scientists. The third
type again implies the interaction of scientists and non-scientists, but here both have a similar
institutional status. The main task of trading zones of this type is the formation of associations
and alliances between social actors of various types to meet joint interests. In this case, boundary
objects are used on equal terms both as scientific and sociocultural entities
Экспертное заключение по информационным материалам запроса ГУ МВД России по Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области (Отдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательства)
No full textОтдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательстваAbstrac
The traditional Scottish criminal law model from the Far-Eastern perspective
Full text linkThe traditional Scottish criminal law model was a bold attempt to build the system of criminal
law on the Christian foundations combined with the universal principles of reason that go beyond
the narrow national, cultural, and religious traditions of a particular country. Scottish criminal
law grew out of the Enlightenment which attempted to establish criminal law on common
sense, to make it intelligible and useful. The spirit of the Scottish legal philosophy is egalitarian.
The knowledge of law must be accessible to everyone. These ideas challenge the practices of
many countries in the East where law is perceived as a complex set of rules known only to a narrow
circle of experts, whereas people have little role to play but obey those rules, often without
understanding them or even knowing them. The Scottish ideas of criminal law can serve as a
platform for a critical examination of the criminal law in such diverse countries like Thailand and
China. The attractive feature of the Scottish Enlightenment for those countries is its pragmatism.
At the same time, it resists the excessiveness of the governmental control by the means of
criminal law that can threaten the wellbeing of people. The idea of crime as a moral vice that offends
public sentiment effectively limits the oppressive expansion of criminal law in the Far East
MODERN NORTH RUSSIAN FAIRY TALE TRADITION
Full text linkThe article is devoted to the study of the modern North Russian fairy tale tradition. My
colleagues and I have many years of field experience in the villages of the Mezen River
basin led to the need to find justification for other new forms of fixation and publication
of fairy tales. We understand by a fairy tale, first of all, a speech work that occupies a special
position in the situation of communication between the storyteller and his listeners,
which turn out to be, including folklorists. Interviews in which our villagers mention fairy
tales can be divided into two types: interviews-memories of how they themselves listened
to fairy tales (most often when they were children); interviews in which the interlocutors
explain how they themselves told/tell fairy tales to their children or grandchildren; finally,
interviews, which are accompanied by the performance of a fairy tale to us, folklorists. For a very long time, the first two types of interviews were not the focus of research interest.
Folklorists were interested in fairy tales addressed to themselves or told in their
presence. Refs 16
TRADITIONAL AND NEW FUNCTIONS OF EGO-COMPONENT IN WORD FORMATION IN GERMAN AND ENGLISH
Full text linkThe article considers traditional terminology as well as ego-component neologisms and
occasionalisms in German and English and characterizes their structure and semantics.
The research is based on German and English scientific and popular scientific works, as well as media articles. The Latin pronoun ego has long been used substantivized and in
word formations in different languages. Traditionally, many ego-component words are
terminological in nature. First of all, such vocabulary is common for psychological and
philosophic terminology. The analysis of such lexical units is to determine new tendencies
of how this pronoun component functions in word formation and how ego-component
words operate in various texts. One of the tendencies is expanding the list of
sciences where ego-component terms become common, for example, Ego-Dokumente in
historical science. Another tendency is connected with the use of ego-component words
in political life to criticize particular politicians or whole political parties. The emergence
of neologisms such as der Ego-Shooter, ego surfing, das Ego-Googeln is associated with new
technologies. The article also presents the variety of this vocabulary graphic representation
in two languages. The novelty of the research lies in approaching the subject interdisciplinary
by using terminology of different sciences and also analyzing occasionalisms
and the role of context in their interpretation. The author concludes about a wide range
of combinability of ego with roots from different languages, as well as the variability in the
meaning of this component depending on the text subject. Refs 19
GERMAN DICTIONARY OF MIKHAIL LOMONOSOV: PROJECT OUTCOMES
Full text linkFrom 2009 to 2020 researchers from St Petersburg State University and the Institute of
Linguistic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been working on a project
to create a dictionary of German-language texts by Mikhail Lomonosov. The basic
principle of the dictionary implies the complete coverage of lexicon, regardless of the
status and frequency of individual words. One of the major tasks of the dictionary is
to demonstrate the personality of Lomonosov as a thinker and creator, who was fluent
in several languages, using linguistic material. M. V. Lomonosov’s German dictionary is a
bilingual dictionary that provides a lexicographic description of words belonging to texts
of different genres (letters, business documents, scientific and educational texts). The
structure of dictionary entries includes extensive historical, sociolinguistic, biographical
comments. The material of Lomonosov’s German-language texts made it possible to
reveal a number of linguistic facts that characterize the nuances of the functioning of
individual words within his idiolect, including nouns in the role of addresses, proper names
(anthroponyms, toponyms, ideonyms), verbs, functional words and abbreviations. These
facts include the frequency of certain lexical units, their collocability, use in a figurative
context, sociocultural coloring, etc. The results of the project allow us to expand our
understanding of the multifaceted personality of Lomonosov and at the same time place
his German texts in the context of the German language of the 18th century. Refs 16
ЭКСПЕРТНОЕ ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ по информационным материалам запроса ГУ МВД России по г. Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области (Отдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательства)
No full textОтдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательстваAbstrac
On the Illegitimacy of the Soviet Power
No full textSociological polls and other sources, as well as electoral statistics, show that Soviet power in 1918–
1989 met the main criteria for legitimacy. In 1918–1929, the majority of voters, and in 1931–1989 over 83 % of the
electorate, were loyal to the Soviet regime, trusted the communists and the general course and current policy,
were satisfied with the status as ordinary builders of socialism, and believed in the socialist project. Official information
on turnout and voting is trustworthy, although it has serious shortcomings and likely underestimates the scale of the protest vote (failure to appear, damage to ballots, voting against). Election results were influenced
by electoral laws, propaganda, and control over the course of voting. However, clean elections have never happened
anywhere. The legitimacy of power in any civilized country was supported by developed propaganda, and
in the USSR it was not more powerful than, for example, in the USA or Germany. The study allows us to assume
that until the mid-1980s the people’s confidence in Soviet power was ensured not so much by propaganda as,
first, by achievements of the USSR, which were considered by the majority of the population to be real, significant,
and deserving of respect; second, by faith in the socialist project; and third, by peculiarities of political culture of
the peasantry and the proletariat inherited from pre-revolutionary times. From their perspective, the people interacted
with authorities and participated in management. The socialist project for only a small minority represented
only a grandiose myth, a gigantic propaganda campaign, and an adventure or scam of world-historical scale.This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project no. 20-09-00353
“The disintegration of the Soviet Union in the human dimension: an interdisciplinary study”
Процессы управления и устойчивость. Т. 9. № 1. Труды 53-й международной научной конференции аспирантов и студентов
Full text link«Процессы управления и устойчивость» – ежегодное научное издание. Издается на факультете прикладной математики – процессов управления СПбГУ с 1998 года. Сборник традиционно формируется по результатам работы ежегодной Международной научной конференции аспирантов и студентов «Процессы управления и устойчивость» и включает статьи студентов, аспирантов, сотрудников СПбГУ и других высших учебных заведений, в том числе зарубежных, по математической теории процессов управления, математическим методам в механике и физике, математическому моделированию в медико-биологических системах, информационным и компьютерным технологиям, теории управления социально-экономическими системами. В Том 9(25) включены статьи участников 53-й Международной научной конференции аспирантов и студентов «Процессы управления и устойчивость» (4 – 8 апреля 2022 года), прошедшие рецензирование и рекомендованные к публикации. Сборник предназначен для студентов старших курсов физико-математических факультетов университетов, аспирантов и научных работников.«Control processes and stability» is an annual scientific journal. It has published at the faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, St. Petersburg State University, since 1998. Journal is traditionally based on the results of the annual International scientific conference of graduate students and students «Control Processes and Stability» and includes the works of students and employees of St. Petersburg State University and other higher education institutions, including the foreign ones, in the mathematical theory of control processes, mathematical methods in mechanics and physics, mathematical models of medical and biological systems, information and computer technologies, control problems in social and economical systems.Сборник издается при финансовой поддержке факультета прикладной математики – процессов управления Санкт-Петербургского государственного университет