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Taxation of Sportsmen
Get PDFArticle shows the basic adjustment of domestic law and international law relating to the taxation of income derived by athletes. The authors make remarks that the internal tax law puts athletes at a disadvantage optimal tax contrary to international regulations. The purpose of work is to present the tax situation of an athlete in PolandArtykuł przedstawia podstawowe regulacja prawa wewnętrznego i międzynarodowego dotyczące opodatkowania dochodów uzyskiwanych przez sportowców. Autorzy dokonują spostrzeżenia, że wewnętrzne prawo podatkowe stawia sportowców w niekorzystnej sytuacji optymalizacyjno-podatkowej w przeciwieństwie do międzynarodowych regulacji. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie sytuacji podatkowej sportowca w R
Posttraumatic Growth and satisfaction with life in persons after myocardial infarction
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between posttraumatic growth, which was a consequence of experienced traumatic event and the level of satisfaction with life. The study group consists of 86 person (62 men and 24 women), aged 36-87 (M = 60,5; SD = 10,05), who experienced myocardial infarction. Half of them participated in rehabilitation program. Two methods were used in the study: Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, The results revealed poor relationship between positive changes aftermath trauma and life satisfaction. The overall score of Life Satisfaction Questionnaire correlates only with positive changes in relations to others. These changes appeared the main predictor of satisfaction with life among persons with myocardial infarction
Implementation of parental roles in the family with the mentally handicapped child
Get PDFThe parenthood occupies a special place among family roles. The role of a mother or a father opens new perspectives and contributes certain values and experiences to the life of the individual. It can he assumed that the successful development of an offspring is one of the most important criteria of the successful parenthood. The mental handicap of a child is a factor determining the implementation of parental roles, and thus an individual development of mother or father. The results of study of parents with mentally handicapped child are presented in
the paper
Research on relations between siblings. The review of questionnaires
Get PDFResearch on relations between siblings needs taking into account a number of variables. Multidimensionality of these relations and the lack of questionnaire items to this research contributed to the fact that in Poland this research is rarely conducted. The review of world literature in this topic proves that since 80s there have been conducted numerous tests with the usage of objective measuring items. Their results indicate four basic dimensions of siblings relations and prove that these relations play an essential role in the whole life of human. This text includes the review of questionnaires that are used in research on relations between
siblings in the world, grouped according to the age of people that they relate to. Each group represents typical research items
Measuring childbearing motivation of childless individuals. The Polish adaptation of The Childbearing Questionnaire (CBQ)
No full textThe paper describes the Polish adaptation of The Childbearing Questionnaire (CBQ), authored by Warren Miller. The questionnaire measures positive and negative motives for parenthood: general dispositions to react favorably or unfavorably to various aspects of childbearing. We present the theoretical framework of the questionnaire, its content and the process of its adaptation to the Polish cultural setting. Reliability and validity of the Polish version of the CBQ were established in the pilot study on a sample of 203 childless men and women, aged 20-40. We assessed the internal consistency of the subscales and performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to verify the assumed structure of the questionnaire. We applied Structural Equation Modeling to confirm the theoretically expected relations between childbearing motives, desires and intentions. The results document good psychometric properties of the questionnaire, although some suggestions for enhancements and more in-depth studies are also formulated
Not growing up to… The infantile personality of our times
Get PDFThe starting point of the reflection is the work of Karen Horney who published a monograph entitled The Neurotic Personality our times in the 1937. In my research I recall social phenomena well known nowadays in Poland, such as: a decline in fertility, the decreasing number of marriages, the increase in number of divorces, domestic violence, the corrosion of authority, escape from the aging process and many more. From my point of view, as from a clinical psychologist's view, based on the single case studies collected together with past year’s graduates, I am trying to answer some selected questions. The general way to answer all these questions would be: these people do not undertake developmental tasks which are proper for their age group, gender or life situation. We can say about these people that they don’t undertake responsibility for themselves and others. They show a way of thinking and reacting specific for an infantile personality. However, the main question I am trying to answer in my lecture is: why the infantile personality is so characteristic for our times and what is its relation to social life conditions
2nd Symphony by Witold Lutosławski in the eyes of the composer
No full textThere are many scholarly theses, essays, studies and books written about the composing
creativity of Witold Lutosławski. However, it seems interesting to quote here the statement of Lutosławski himself about his own compositions and to show his attitude to his own creative output. The 2nd Symphony serves as an example. this work was ordered by the radio broadcasting station Norddeutscher Rundfunk in hamburg. Lutosławski worked on the 2nd Symphony in the period 1965-1967 and built it of two parts. The first part was titled Hésitant and the second one Direct. These two parts are not separated with any pause. The last sentence of the first part is still audible when the second part has just begun. In this way the composition constitutes an inseparable entirety. Both parts which under many respects are contrasting with each other are strictly related: the first part is composed to form a preparation for the second part, and the second part is the natural consequence of the first one. This formal model was adopted by Lutosławski for the first time in the String Quartet. The 2nd Symphony opened a way for other, new formal, harmonic solutions but also for other Polish composers
2-part form in the compositions by Witold Lutosławski
No full textIn the String quartet created in 1969, Lutosławski applied for the first time a form model which was new in his creativity. the novelty was to create a composition from two parts. The problem of the form was equally important for Lutosławski as the sound system of melics structure. He believed that “the forces exist in each strictly composed music form which could be called counter forces. Each form is the result of forces neutralizing each other or counter forces”. Lutosławski understands the form as playing out and filling out, as a composition of music action, accompaniment of sound events. A composer is a director and playwright of sound events. the author carried out the studies on the structure of the music works by analyzing the cameral and orchestra works. She selected the following works for her studies: String Quartet, 2nd Symphony, Livre pour orchestre, Cello concert, Preludes and Fuge. The analysis of the aforementioned works showed which means were applied to shape the formal structure of the compositions. Lutosławski rejected modern ideas of a music form. He rejected the functional tonality, but in exchange for that he developed a kind of functional subject focused concept. He adopted for his needs some solutions in terms of using an episode, keeping it, however, under control
The recreational student profile based on chosen spirometric measurements. The pilot studies
Get PDFAim: The young generation of Polish society shows poor level of physical activity. This problem is also transferred to the young student who avoid the recreational activity, except the mandatory PE lessons. The presented study examined the efficiency of the respiratory system Kazimierz Wielki University students in selected sport sections and tried to create the profiles of student`s recreation, based on these results. Material and methods: The study of forced spirometry, BMI and body fat were carried out in the years 2013/2015, for men of recreational students sections: basketball, football, fitness "cardio" and judo. The results were compared with a group of non-physical activity. Collected material developed using Statistica version 5.0 and Excel 2007 version. Results: There were significant differences between the efficiency of the respiratory system of students training in sports sections, and students leading a sedentary life. It was also demonstrated significant differences in some of the results of forced spirometry, BMI, and fat tissue, between students trainees various forms of recreation. Conclusions: The students physical activity realised in a variety of ways to improve the efficiency of the respiratory system gives the different results, which can be arranged as a characteristic profile of the student recreation.Cel: Młode pokolenie polskiego społeczeństwa wykazuje się niską aktywnością fizyczną. Problem ten przenosi się również na młodzież studencką, która poza obowiązkowym WF-em niechętnie podejmuje dodatkowe ćwiczenia rekreacyjne. W prezentowanych badaniach sprawdzono sprawność układu oddechowego studentów Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego w wybranych sekcjach sportowych i spróbowano stworzyć profil studenckiej rekreacji sportowej w oparciu o uzyskane wyniki. Materiał i metody: Badania spirometrii natężonej, wskaźnika BMI oraz zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej przeprowadzono w latach 2013/2015, na mężczyznach trenujących rekreacyjnie koszykówkę, pikę nożną, fitness „cardio” i judo, a wyniki porównano z grupą osób nie ćwiczących rekreacji ruchowej. Materia opracowano używając programu Statistica wersja 5.0 i Excel wersja 2007. Wyniki: Wykazano istotne różnice pomiędzy sprawnością układu oddechowego studentów trenujących w sekcjach sportowych, a studentami prowadzącymi osiadły tryb życia. Wykazano również istotne różnice w niektórych wynikach spirometrii natężonej, wskaźnika BMI, oraz ilości tkanki tłuszczowej, pomiędzy studentami ćwiczącymi różne formy rekreacji ruchowej. Wnioski: Aktywność fizyczna studentów realizowana w różny sposób poprawia sprawność układu oddechowego w różny sposób, który można ułożyć jako charakterystyczny profil studenckiej rekreacji ruchowej
School as the living environment and daily reality of a student – a theoretical analysis and empirical exemplification of the ways students perceive and evaluate school
No full textThe authors of this paper present analyses of everyday school life as seen from the perspective of students
who, due to an unprivileged position in a school’s social structure (a total institution), encounter various school
situations. Providing students’ perspective on school everyday life, the present authors focus predominantly
on the ways the examined individuals evaluate school as an institution (a total one), view its organizational
structure and the conditions in which its fundamental functions are fulfilled (students’ cognitive and emotional
associations related to everyday school life). As a result of the studies it was discovered that students view everyday school life as unbearable, hard and unsatisfactory, and consequently they adopt such attitudes as withdrawal or escape. School is perceived as
the environment that favours “obligation” rather than an “option”. The research results also reveal a strong
tendency among the subjects towards negative and ambivalent valorization, and a very low level of positive
valorization. Analysis of the students’ emotions related to school everyday life indicated that negative emotions
prevail over positive ones, and the examined individuals tend to display passive (destructive) emotions rather
than the ones which stimulate them to take action (constructive emotions). The research results prove that
school everyday life is extremely frustrating for students. Moreover, it engenders such attitudes as helplessness
(feigned adaptation) and passivity, which the students adopt in response to highly unacceptable school
situations which evoke frustration; and fails to motivate them to take actions aimed at reshaping school.Analizy dokonywane przez autorki dotyczą codziennego życia szkoły, które ujęto w perspektywie subiektywnej,
czyli badano je w percepcji uczniów, doświadczających w sposób specyficzny różnych sytuacji szkolnych,
ze względu na ich nieuprzywilejowaną pozycję w jej strukturze społecznej (instytucja totalna). Perspektywa
patrzenia na codzienność szkoły, przyjęta w tym opracowaniu, odnosi się głównie do oceny szkoły jako instytucji
(totalnej), sposobu jej zorganizowania i warunków realizowania podstawowych jej funkcji, dokonywanej
przez uczniów (skojarzenia poznawcze i emocjonalne, związane z życiem codziennym szkoły). Codzienność życia w szkole jest postrzegana przez uczniów jako dokuczliwa, trudna i niesatysfakcjonująca, stąd przyjmują oni wobec życia szkolnego postawy wycofujące, ucieczkowe. Szkoła nie stanowi środowiska „wyboru”, ale środowisko „przymusu”. Uzyskane wyniki świadczą też o zdecydowanej przewadze waloryzacji negatywnej, wysokim poziomie waloryzacji ambiwalentnej i bardzo niskim poziomie waloryzacji pozytywnej. Ocena emocji pojawiających się w odniesieniu do życia codziennego szkoły wskazuje na zdecydowaną dominację emocji negatywnych nad pozytywnymi oraz wyraźną przewagę emocji o charakterze pasywizującym nad emocjami stymulującymi do działania (konstruktywnego lub destrukcyjnego). Codzienność szkolna jest dla uczniów wysoce frustrująca, a przy tym ewokuje postawy bierne i bezradnościowe (pozorne przystosowanie) wobec nieakceptowanych sytuacji szkolnych wywołujących frustrację, nie motywując do działań aktywnie zmieniających kształt szkoły