4095 research outputs found
Sort by
A multi-perspective exploration of decision-making debriefing processes in an elite sailing team: comparing declared and actual practice
Full text linkDespite evidence for the benefits of debriefing and reflecting on decisions, and the existence of best practice guidance, no study to date has aimed to investigate and develop decision-making debriefing in sport to improve athlete’s decision-making. To address these gaps, this study investigated the declared and actual processes of decision-making debriefing practice in an elite sailing team. Semi-structured and stimulated recall interviews were conducted to investigate decision-making debriefing processes from multiple perspectives in one elite sailing team. To provide a rich and accurate insight into decision-making debriefing practice, observational methods were then used to compare actual practice to declared practice. Results showed that there were discrepancies between what participants said they did and what they actually did, highlighting that perceptions alone cannot be relied upon, and objective feedback may be required to instigate accurate reflection of practice and encourage change
The jury on trial: assessing the impact of courtroom design and juror ideology on defendant guilt perception
Full text linkThis study explored how courtroom design and jurors' ideological attitudes influence guilt perceptions and sentencing. It hypothesized that defendants in secure docks would be perceived as more likely guilty and receive harsher sentences than those at the bar table, with stronger ideological attitudes increasing guilt likelihood. In a between‐subjects design, 556 participants reviewed courtroom sketches and case summaries, then rated guilt and sentencing. Defendants in secure docks were more often seen as guilty, and ideological attitudes partially influenced assessments. The findings highlight the need for interventions to reduce bias in legal proceedings and inform policy on courtroom design
Poems from an attic: selected poems 1936-1995
No full textThis is the first selected collection of Iris Murdoch's poetry to be published in the UK
Practitioner perspectives on dance research
No full textPractitioner Perspectives on Dance Research is a collection of accounts from scholars, educators, practitioners and makers that present an overview of key themes, arguments, and practices central to their individual research.
Built upon conversations recorded as ResDance™ podcast episodes, this edited collection presents both theoretical discussions and first-hand insights into various research practices, engaging with both established and emergent ideas central to dance research. Whilst challenging current thinking, contributors from around the globe additionally offer reflections on ethics and practices of care, pedagogy and education, and the shifting perspectives on methodologies. By providing an accessible exploration of frequently employed approaches, this book illuminates the choices made and considerations taken in dance research practice.
This interdisciplinary discourse presents a rich palette of perspectives, approaches and ideas and is ideal for students, researchers, academics and practitioners alike with an interest in the current state of dance, both in research and in practice
The role of psychological flexibility in relation to health outcomes in people in remission from cancer
Full text linkObjective: This study investigated whether psychological flexibility, the key construct in the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) model of psychological and behavioural change, significantly predicts wellbeing and functioning in people living with and beyond cancer.
Design: This was an online, prospective, longitudinal, correlational study with two time points that were approximately three months apart.
Methods: All participants were required to be at least 18 years of age, be in cancer remission and resident in the United Kingdom. Recruitment for Time‐point 1 (n = 331) took place from May to July 2023 and Time‐point 2 (n = 266; 80% retention rate) took place between Sept and Nov 2023 using Prolific (an online recruitment platform). The mean age was 51.65 (SD = 13.99). The mean length of remission in months was 89.45 (SD = 80.59) and mean years since diagnosis was 8.91 (SD = 6.99). Data were analysed cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Covariates adjusted for included age, years since diagnosis, time in remission, ethnicity, cancer type and cancer stage.
Results: Cross‐sectional hierarchical regression analyses showed Time‐point 1 psychological flexibility significantly (at p < .001) predicted anxiety, depression, stress, fatigue interference, fear of cancer recurrence, quality of life and pain interference. Psychological flexibility at Time‐point 1 significantly predicted all psychosocial variables at Time‐point 2, while adjusting for confounding variables.
Conclusions: The findings show that psychological flexibility predicts key psychosocial outcomes relevant for people in remission from cancer. This study provides evidence for the relevance of psychological processes targeted in ACT‐based interventions in the context of people living with and beyond cancer
A bilateral comparison of lower limb strength and pirouette performance in elite female dancers
Full text linkIntroduction: Traditional dance training is designed to develop a well-balanced dancer, yet laterality has the ability to impair bilateral strength and functional symmetry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lateral preference on elite level dancers by conducting a bilateral comparison of lower limb strength and pirouette performance. A pirouette is an essential turning skill in dance technique, wherein multiple revolutions are completed on a single supporting leg along the longitudinal axis. Methods: Eight highly trained female dancers performed three maximal effort single leg countermovement jumps (SCMJ) on each lower limb, as well as ten single pirouette en dehors in both the preferred and non-preferred directions. Results: A lateral preference questionnaire indicated a rightward bias was prevalent amongst this group of dancers for both footedness and preferred turning direction. Significantly more successful pirouettes were performed in the preferred (73%) compared to the non-preferred condition (50%). The SCMJ data demonstrated no significant differences in jump height and vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) at take-off, suggesting no bilateral strength asymmetry between the lower limbs. There were also no significant differences in any of the discrete biomechanical pirouette performance variables: displacement of the center of mass over center of pressure (COM-COP), trunk angle, knee flexion and external hip rotation of the gesture leg in retiré position, as well as GRF production and peak pelvic rotational angular velocity at push-off. However, non-significant trends toward greater COM-COP displacement at retiré (0.08 m ± 0.03 vs 0.06 m ± 0.04) and peak pelvic angular velocity at push-off (1.04 revs/s ± 0.20 vs 0.99 revs/s ± 0.22) were observed in the non-preferred compared to the preferred direction, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, the lower success rate of non-preferred pirouettes may be a result of postural instability or the use of a less efficient weight transfer strategy
Invisible on campus: exploring predictors of perceived student ostracism
No full textOstracism is known to result in a range of negative psychological consequences for those who perceive they have been socially excluded. Given the importance of social inclusion and belonging to academic and psychosocial success and good mental health at university, the present study aimed to examine the strongest predictor of perceived university student ostracism from theoretically relevant variables (rejection sensitivity, attachment orientation, social anxiety, and self-esteem) across the literature on social exclusion. A cross-sectional correlation design was employed with university students (N =127). Contrary to expectations, in a multiple linear regression it was found that the only significant predictor of perceived student ostracism was attachment avoidance. The findings underscore the importance of further investigating the psychological precursors of perceived ostracism in students, particularly given that seemingly theoretically important individual difference variables such as rejection sensitivity and social anxiety did not predict perceived student ostracism in our sample. We suggest it is crucial that higher education institutions continue to foster socially inclusive academic environments, particularly for students with avoidant attachment styles
Murdoch’s MacKinnon: the grounding of metaphysics as a guide to morals
No full textWhilst a good deal of space has been given to discussing the biographical connections between Donald MacKinnon and his most famous pupil, Iris Murdoch, little has been said of the influence of MacKinnon’s own theological writings, particularly Borderlands of Theology (1968) and The Problem of Metaphysics (1974), on the later philosophy of Murdoch. Using the extensive marginalia and notes in her copy of these works stored at the Kingston University archive, this chapter will attempt to outline the impact his thought had on her final work, Metaphysics as Guide to Morals as well as their shared affinities for the work of Kant. It is the contention of the chapter that his lasting impact provided the groundwork for her final work of philosophy
Alterations of exercise-induced carbohydrate and fat oxidation by anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant are associated with the pre-intervention metabolic function: a secondary analysis of randomized crossover trials
Full text linkBackground/Objectives: Our studies have provided evidence for the alteration of exercise-induced metabolic responses by the intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract. In this secondary analysis of 10 studies, we examined the relationship between the pre-intervention exercise-induced respiratory exchange ratio and the blackcurrant-induced respiratory exchange ratio and substrate utilisation during exercise. Methods: Metabolic data of seven cohort and three case studies with females (n = 46) and males (n = 71), from recreationally active to ultra-endurance trained individuals that were dosed with different intake durations (acute to two-week intake) and dosages (105 to 420 mg of anthocyanins) of NZBC extract for walking-, running-, and cycling-induced effects, were included in the secondary analysis. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the pre-intervention and blackcurrant-induced respiratory exchange ratio for females (Pearson r: 0.7972, p < 0.0001) and males (Pearson r: 0.8674, p < 0.0001). A moderate positive correlation was obtained for the relationship between the pre-intervention respiratory exchange ratio and changes in fat oxidation for females (Pearson r: 0.5311, p = 0.0001) and males (Pearson r: 0.3136, p = 0.002). In addition, a moderate negative correlation was obtained for the relationship between the pre-intervention respiratory exchange ratio and changes in carbohydrate oxidation for females (Pearson r: −0.3017, p = 0.0393) and males (Pearson r: −0.3327, p < 0.001). There were no differences between females and males in the changes of the exercise-induced metabolic responses to the intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract. Conclusions: Our secondary analysis of the data in studies on the effects of New Zealand blackcurrant extract suggests that the metabolic response of individuals to the intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract depends partly on the pre-intervention respiratory exchange ratio, with the majority of individuals showing enhanced exercise-induced fat oxidation and lower exercise-induced carbohydrate oxidation. However, a divergent metabolic response seems possible such that individuals with a very low intrinsic respiratory exchange ratio may more likely experience lower fat oxidation and higher carbohydrate oxidation with the intake of New Zealand blackcurrant. Individuals with a high intrinsic respiratory exchange will more likely experience higher fat oxidation and lower carbohydrate oxidation with the intake of New Zealand blackcurrant. Future work is required to examine the factors and mechanisms for the individual variation of the response of exercise-induced substrate utilisation relative to the intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant extracts
Anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant supplementation as a nutraceutical ergogenic aid for exercise performance and recovery: A narrative review
Full text linkAthletes and physically active individuals consume sports nutrition supplements to enhance competitive sport performance and exercise recovery. Polyphenols have emerged as a promising area of research with application for sport and exercise nutrition due to affecting physiological mechanisms for exercise performance and recovery. The anthocyanin is a polyphenol that can be abundantly present in dark-colored fruits, berries and vegetables. Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-induced metabolites will provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The focus in this narrative review is on the observations with intake of anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant supplements on whole-body exercise performance and exercise recovery. This review included a total number of 17 studies with a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over design (10 studies on performance and 8 on recovery effects) and 1 with a randomized placebo-controlled parallel group design (recovery effects). Among the performance studies, 6 studies (60%) reported positive effects, 3 studies (30%) reported no significant effects and 1 study (10%) reported a mixed outcome. Among the recovery studies, 7 studies (78%) reported positive effects, 1 study (11%) reported no significant effects and 1 study (11%) reported a negative effect. Studies with intake of supplements made from New Zealand blackcurrants (dose: 1.8 to 3.2 mg·kg-1 and 105 to 315 mg of anthocyanins, acute to 7-day intake) have provided meaningful (but not always consistent) effects on continuous and intermittent exercise performance tasks (i.e. rowing, cycling and running) and markers for exercise recovery. A mechanistic understanding for the beneficial exercise effects of anthocyanins for athletes and physically active individuals is still limited. Future work requires a better understanding of the specific types of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-induced metabolites and their effects on altering cell function that can enhance exercise performance and recovery