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Health literacy in young children (age 4-8): a mixed-methods systematic review
Get PDFBackground
In recent years, there has been an increased focus on health literacy within children and adolescents, yet there is a paucity of research within the period of early childhood despite specific developmental and cognitive differences to older children in how they understand and conceptualise health. To best support the development and maintenance of health literacy within this specific population, we undertook a systematic review to identify theoretical definitions, models and outcomes in studies of health literacy in young children aged 4-8
Murdoch’s MacKinnon: the grounding of metaphysics as a guide to morals
No full textWhilst a good deal of space has been given to discussing the biographical connections between Donald MacKinnon and his most famous pupil, Iris Murdoch, little has been said of the influence of MacKinnon’s own theological writings, particularly Borderlands of Theology (1968) and The Problem of Metaphysics (1974), on the later philosophy of Murdoch. Using the extensive marginalia and notes in her copy of these works stored at the Kingston University archive, this chapter will attempt to outline the impact his thought had on her final work, Metaphysics as Guide to Morals as well as their shared affinities for the work of Kant. It is the contention of the chapter that his lasting impact provided the groundwork for her final work of philosophy
Alterations of exercise-induced carbohydrate and fat oxidation by anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant are associated with the pre-intervention metabolic function: a secondary analysis of randomized crossover trials
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Our studies have provided evidence for the alteration of exercise-induced metabolic responses by the intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract. In this secondary analysis of 10 studies, we examined the relationship between the pre-intervention exercise-induced respiratory exchange ratio and the blackcurrant-induced respiratory exchange ratio and substrate utilisation during exercise. Methods: Metabolic data of seven cohort and three case studies with females (n = 46) and males (n = 71), from recreationally active to ultra-endurance trained individuals that were dosed with different intake durations (acute to two-week intake) and dosages (105 to 420 mg of anthocyanins) of NZBC extract for walking-, running-, and cycling-induced effects, were included in the secondary analysis. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the pre-intervention and blackcurrant-induced respiratory exchange ratio for females (Pearson r: 0.7972, p < 0.0001) and males (Pearson r: 0.8674, p < 0.0001). A moderate positive correlation was obtained for the relationship between the pre-intervention respiratory exchange ratio and changes in fat oxidation for females (Pearson r: 0.5311, p = 0.0001) and males (Pearson r: 0.3136, p = 0.002). In addition, a moderate negative correlation was obtained for the relationship between the pre-intervention respiratory exchange ratio and changes in carbohydrate oxidation for females (Pearson r: −0.3017, p = 0.0393) and males (Pearson r: −0.3327, p < 0.001). There were no differences between females and males in the changes of the exercise-induced metabolic responses to the intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract. Conclusions: Our secondary analysis of the data in studies on the effects of New Zealand blackcurrant extract suggests that the metabolic response of individuals to the intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract depends partly on the pre-intervention respiratory exchange ratio, with the majority of individuals showing enhanced exercise-induced fat oxidation and lower exercise-induced carbohydrate oxidation. However, a divergent metabolic response seems possible such that individuals with a very low intrinsic respiratory exchange ratio may more likely experience lower fat oxidation and higher carbohydrate oxidation with the intake of New Zealand blackcurrant. Individuals with a high intrinsic respiratory exchange will more likely experience higher fat oxidation and lower carbohydrate oxidation with the intake of New Zealand blackcurrant. Future work is required to examine the factors and mechanisms for the individual variation of the response of exercise-induced substrate utilisation relative to the intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant extracts
Vocal behaviour affects the expression of empathy in trained and untrained speakers
No full textEstablishing trust in counselling professions relies on empathy, yet the acoustic and perceptual aspects of empathic communication remain underexplored. In a two-part study, 10 trained female counsellors and 10 untrained female speakers read sentences in their normal, most empathic, and least empathic voices. Overall, speakers exhibited slower speech, higher initial pitch, greater pitch variation, and higher mean pitch in empathic voices, with differential use of cues with training. A playback task with 207 listeners, unaware of speakers' identities, found both trained and untrained speakers received higher empathy ratings for empathic voices. The study suggests adults can intentionally modify their vocal behaviour to convey empathy, hinting at the potential learnability of this skill. Further research directions on the role of vocal behaviour in empathic communication are proposed
Beyond certification: improving lifeguard drowning detection through validated tools and specialized training
Get PDFThis study investigated two key aims: (1) the external validity of an animated performance assessment tool previously utilized in lifeguard training, with a focus on how lifeguard experience and task duration affect performance metrics, and (2) the impact of two distinct training protocols on lifeguard-specific drowning detection abilities. In the first experiment, experienced lifeguards demonstrated superior performance compared to inexperienced lifeguards in both 30-minute tasks; however, both groups exhibited a decline in performance over time. The external validity of the animated tool was supported by its ability to produce performance outcomes aligned with real-world lifeguard tasks. The second experiment revealed that training specifically designed for lifeguard drowning detection significantly enhanced detection performance, while working memory training showed no measurable effect. These results highlight the necessity of incorporating realistic drowning detection challenges—such as varied bather numbers, drowning durations, and locations—into lifeguard certification programs, which currently do not emphasize these critical elements. The study also points to the significant proportion of lifeguards who missed drowning scenarios at baseline, underscoring the urgent need for improved training. Future research should explore the potential of animated tools in training and further investigate the cognitive mechanisms that underpin effective drowning detection
Ambivalent Internationalisation: Reviewing Literature on the Social Policy Context for International Students in the United Kingdom and Implications for Social Exclusion
Get PDFThis study explored the social policy context for international students in the UK and its implications for social exclusion (an inability to fully participate in society). Within a rapid review policy literature addressing international student experience, forty-two articles from the Web of Science and Social Science Research Network (SSRN) were selected through multiple screenings. Migration and education were the most explored policy areas, followed by inequalities, work, health and wellbeing, security, and housing. Results demonstrated that policy both creates barriers to inclusion (e.g. hostile environment migration/bordering practices) and supports inclusion/adaption to social exclusion-related challenges (e.g. sanctuary scholarships for forced migrants, Graduate visas). All international students to some degree lack equitable participation in wellbeing-relevant provision. Overall, policies are constructed so the state and universities can extract value from internationals without fully including them in British society. Policies abdicate responsibility for students’ inclusion, making it expensive and complicated to build a life there
University of Chichester - Implementing a first destination social care, primary care and community degree at Masters level using a Blended learning Approach
Get PDFThis case study reflects on the antecedents and implementation of a new blended learning pre-registration M Level Adult Nursing cours
How on-demand agency of anonymous group exercise membership supports emergence-based social identity transition in mid-life
Get PDFMidlife's challenges, changes, and demands can create barriers to maintaining groups, activities, which, for some, include attending in-person group exercise classes. As a potential solution, on-demand group exercise platforms (e.g., Les Mills+) offer agency over participation, anonymity, and community interaction. This research explores how social identification processes shape participation in Les Mills+. Twenty Les Mills+ participants aged 40-64 were recruited for three data collection stages: (1) an initial semi-structured interview on exercise history and Les Mills+ usage; (2) a two-week post-exercise diary capturing social identification experiences; and (3) a follow-up interview to discuss topics from the first two stages. Results highlight how, through anonymous participation in on-demand group exercise, participants experienced a sense of agency, inclusion, and community while feeling socially supported both during and after participation. Findings from this study suggest four factors that can impact social identification within on-demand exercise platforms, namely (a) creating a collective event to foster unity, (b) providing anonymity and agency to enable increased exercise trial, (c) enabling exercise participation from self-excluded groups, and (d) amplify life-stage similarity and support on-screen and via social media
Rob's vignette - the Chichester practice-based MBA: emphasising relational learning
Get PDFSeveral years ago, I designed an MBA programme to run as part of the UK Government’s apprenticeship scheme for senior leaders. As of 2025 it is now on its eighth cohort and has a loyal following with several local employers. The aim was to bring relational critical thinking alive in a programme of practice-based learning.
In looking at other MBAs on the market I was concerned that many did not treat leadership and management as a practice that people do as part of their day to day lives. For example, there would be discreet subjects like HR, finance, strategy and the like. As a manager I knew that they did not sit in isolation, instead leadership/management was a holistic practice that included intellect, emotion, artistry, communication and so on in the practical real world of unfolding and unpredictable events. I became sceptical of the ‘case study’ that put students on the touchline of experience that encouraged them to think ‘why on earth would anyone …’, a privileged position that was divorced from their reality. I was also concerned by the focus of treating leadership and management as an academic subject, as opposed to a practice. For example, whilst I enjoy reading critical management studies papers, with their sharp critical theory and post-modern analysis, I do wonder how these insights help.
In building a masters programme up from scratch I had the opportunity to weave relational critical thinking into the entire fabric. I must admit, I did not call it ‘relational critical thinking,’ or the methods ‘practice-based learning’ at the time. The words and practice followed in working with students, colleagues and particularly James Traeger on various organisation development programmes, research and books. I therefore do not take credit, but this is an explanation of my practice
Machine learning-based intrusion detection and prevention using cross-layer features in Internet of Things (IoT) networks
Get PDFThe IoT has emerged as a significant target for cyber-attacks, particularly with a focus on the routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) within Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSNs). These attacks can disrupt network topologies and compromise data transmission. Early detection of routing attacks is crucial, particularly in resource-constrained RPL networks. This study employed a simulated dataset encompassing Hello Flood, Version Number, and Worst Parent attacks to develop a robust detection model for resource-based routing attacks in IoT networks. In this research, a novel cross-layer feature analysis was conducted, identifying 12 key features crucial for distinguishing between normal and malicious nodes within the network out of the 29 features examined. Various machine learning algorithms, including random forest, CatBoost, and extreme gradient boosting, were evaluated for precise classification. The optimized CatBoost model, a gradient-boosting decision tree (DT)
algorithm, demonstrated outstanding performance with a 99% of detection rate, 0.8% of false positive rate, 98% of sensitivity, and 98% of positive predictive values on an independent test
dataset. Furthermore, an advanced intrusion prevention algorithm leveraging cross-layer feature-induced intrusion detection was introduced to effectively combat prevalent routing attacks. This study significantly contributes to enhancing cybersecurity in IoT networks, particularly in smart cities, by offering robust intrusion detection and prevention mechanisms