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Large mammal herbivores as gardeners of tropical forest ecosystems
Ecosystems worldwide are experiencing changes in structure and function as populations of fauna decline and experience local extinctions (Torres-Romero et al. 2020). Due primarily to their body size, large mammal herbivores (LMHs) are disproportionately prone to extinction from human activities such as agricultural expansion, deforestation, and anthropogenic climate change (Pringle et al. 2023). Additionally, as the number of domesticated LMHs (i.e. cattle, pigs, etc.) continue to increase in both density and distribution, their wild counterparts are continually displaced, resulting in increased competition for resources and an increased risk of disease transmission between domestic to wild species (Pringle et al. 2023; Ripple et al. 2015)
Morganton Circuit Record Book
Parts of North Carolina were in the South Carolina Conference before 1870
El Bethel Church, East Chester Circuit, Church Register and Church Conferene Minutes, 1870-1893
Chesterfield Circuit Quarterly Conference Minutes, 1844-1860
Includes Bethel, Friendship, Prospect, Society Hill, Mt. Olivet, Shiloh, P. Hill, Zion, Fork Creek
Patterns in Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Frequency Since 1960
Tropical cyclones, also known as hurricanes or typhoons, are defined as organized storm systems that form in the warm waters around the equator (NOAA, 2024). This happens due to the combination of warm waters, light winds, and preexisting weather conditions. In the last 50 years, tropical cyclones have accounted for approximately 800,000 deaths and an economic loss of $1.4 trillion USD due to their resulting damages (WMO, 2024). Research in this field includes studies that encompass a variety of time scales including from 85 to 150 years on a global or regional level and studies that focus on more recent trend analysis of a specific region of the world (Garner, 2023; Karnauskas et al., 2023.; Kuleshov et al., 2010; Singh et al., 2001). Most recently, studies have explored the impacts of climate change on hurricane frequency and intensity. Increase in sea surface temperature has led to more intense tropical cyclones but a decrease in frequency (Bhatia et al., 2019; Chand et al., 2022; Črnivec et al., 2015). These results are based on global analyses accounting for data from over hundreds of years ago. However, the accuracy of this information can be called into question as weather satellites were only introduced in 1960. Throughout this paper, I use tropical cyclone frequency and intensity data from the IBTrACS data set since 1960 to understand if trends shown in past research exist within this time period of more reliable data