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Adaptation of Public Health Problem Solving Paradigm In Interprofessional Training
No full textAs part of the PHIT program, we developed a patient-centered framework for our fictional patient, James Libby, a Vietnam veteran with a recent stage IV colon cancer diagnosis. With our interprofessional team, we adapted the public health problem solving paradigm for root-cause analysis and patient-centered intervention development.https://dune.une.edu/cecespring2023/1009/thumbnail.jp
Leaving Home with Broken Bones: A Case Reflection
No full textAn inter-professional team approach to a case of chronic illness in the backdrop of housing instability in rural Maine. This case was designed with the collaborative efforts of students from the Undergraduate, Osteopathic Medicine, and Physical Therapy schools.https://dune.une.edu/cecespring2023/1010/thumbnail.jp
Exploring Public School K-12 Educators’ Experiences With The Special Education Eligibility Process For African American/Black And Hispanic/Latino Students In Rural Communities
Get PDFRural school districts often face unique challenges such as limited resources, attracting and retaining qualified teachers, and varied offerings of professional development opportunities and training. This study substantiated these challenges and revealed the challenges presented when educators do not consider the cultural and linguistic factors that exist among the student population when considering academic and behavioral interventions. This qualitative investigation explored how general education teachers in a public school district in the northeastern United States experienced the special education eligibility process for African American/Black and Hispanic/Latino students in a rural community. Guided by the theories of intersectionality and systems view of school climate, and employing a phenomenological analysis, this study addressed the lack of professional development training programs related to academic and behavioral interventions as part of the special education eligibility process and gaps in literature related to African American/Black and Hispanic/Latino students in rural communities. Analysis of semi structured interviews with eight public school general educators who had experience in working with African American/Black and Hispanic/Latino students yielded three findings. The research questions focused on the special education eligibility process for African American/Black and Hispanic/Latino students, their understanding of the function of academic and behavioral interventions in the eligibility process, and the role that cultural factors within a rural community serve in determining special education eligibility. The participants’ answers revealed (a) the need for increased professional development and training in academic and behavioral interventions, (b) consistent application of these interventions as part of the prereferral process in special education eligibility, and (c) the need for increased awareness of school personnel about cultural factors that impact African American/Black and Hispanic/Latino students’ academic and social-emotional progress. The findings of the current research study suggest that changes must be made in how teachers are trained in academic and behavioral interventions and how to create a culturally responsive educational learning environment for students who are historically overrepresented in receiving special education services
Social Determinants of Health as Barriers to Treatment
No full textThe theme of this case study was to show how social determinants of health can be barriers to treatment through the lens of each interprofessional team member and then from the three members submitting this presentation. Each team member identified one or more of the social determinants of health that affected the patient\u27s access to treatment. They worked together to create a plan of action to help the patient overcome these barriers. The team learned the value of working together as no single person could have fixed this situation, and everyone had something to contribute to the case. Keywords: social determinants of health, health literacy, low income, asthma, pediatric, teamwork, collaboration, environmental factors, social factorshttps://dune.une.edu/caiepfall2023/1007/thumbnail.jp
Implementation of a Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pediatric Clinics
No full textThe prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been increasing in the United States, and 2019 marked the 6th consecutive year of record high rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia infections. National guidelines recommend screening at least annually for sexually active adolescents and young adults; however, data demonstrate a screening rate of only about 20%. Point of care testing may address barriers to care by rapidly detecting STIs, providing same-day treatment, reducing antibiotic overuse, and reducing loss to follow up. We aimed to assess clinician attitudes about the feasibility, usefulness, effectiveness, and sustainability of POC testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia in pediatric outpatient clinics. We also aimed to understand the impact of POC testing on GC/CT antibiotic prescribing patterns in pediatric outpatient clinics
Effect Of Xylitol Versus Sugar On Caries Risk
Get PDFThe effect of xylitol versus sugar on caries risk is a rising trend in caries prevention. The dominant explanation for this trend is explained by xylitol’s ability to significantly decrease caries rates in recent studies. To answer the question, in adult patients, what is the effect of xylitol versus sugar on caries risk, we compared previous studies in a literature review. The limitations of these findings include the many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence plaque accumulation that were not considered. Further research is needed to determine if xylitol alone has caries-prevention qualities.https://dune.une.edu/dh_studpost/1017/thumbnail.jp
Advancing American Chestnut (Castanea Dentata) Restoration Through Science, GIS And Partnerships
Get PDFThe American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was once a prominent hardwood species of the eastern United States forests. From Maine to Alabama, the chestnut provided many ecosystem and economic services to wildlife and humans alike. After an accidental importation of chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) from Asia, billions of American chestnuts succumbed to the disease. Since the 1980s, researchers have been working to develop a fungal blight-tolerant chestnut in hopes of restoring the species. By the early 1990s, Dr. William Powell and his fellow scientists at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF) successfully transformed an American chestnut that codes for the enzyme oxalate oxidase (OxO), a gene expression that provides resistance to oxalic acid by an oxalate-producing fungi (Powel et al. 2019). Oxalate oxidase reduces the acidity, and therefore the deadliness of the fungus’s oxalic acid used to kill the American chestnut, thereby protecting the species against severe damage from blight infection. This genetically engineered tree has been rigorously studied in the laboratory and is now increasingly in the field and is poised to be approved by the federal government for widespread restoration.
This thesis addresses three questions fundamental to using transgenic American Chestnut trees in restoration: First, how does the viability of transgenic pollen change over time? Secondly, how do transgenic American chestnut trees perform in a field setting compared to other types of chestnuts? Third, how can Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and aerial drone technology aid in conducting spatially explicit field experiments such as this one?
Pollen from transgenic trees is critical to restoration. Transgenic pollen carries over the OxO enzyme gene from the father to their offspring during outcrossing. Blight tolerant offspring that inherit the OxO gene through Mendelian genetics are more likely to survive in the wild, as fungal blight is widespread in the environment. The OxO gene provides offspring with a natural chemical defense mechanism against threats posed by blight. Transgenic pollen produced in the laboratory was shipped throughout the country to produce blight resistant offspring during controlled outcrossing. I studied pollen viability in the laboratory and the field to help guide these efforts.
Transgenic pollen was collected from greenhouse-grown transgenic trees, desiccated in granular desiccant at 4°C, and freezer stored at -80°C from 19 June, 2020 to 20 July, 2021. Pollen was used in controlled pollinations in Maine and shipped across the tree’s native range. Pilkey (2021) found that pollen stored at -80 °C remained viable for up to 8 months after collection. I tested pollen stored from 1 to 13 months to ascertain viability and source variability between 2020 and 2021. I tested pollen viability using a sucrose-based germination medium (as she did) and in controlled field pollinations. For pollen tube development (a viable pollen grain produces a tube), Pilkey (2021) set a ballpark estimate for successful results at 30%. Drawing from Pilkey (2021), I too consider pollen tube development near or exceeding the 30% level to be an adequate viability level. In my research, pollen viability varied substantially by age and source, but all ages and sources were shown to be effective at producing both pollen tubes and fertile nuts, even after 13 months in storage.
As of 2021, a one-acre field in Cape Elizabeth, Maine was granted permission by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to plant genetically engineered American chestnuts for the first time in New England. At this field site, I studied the height growth of transgenic chestnuts over their first growing season compared with their non-transgenic full siblings and other controls. In this orchard, the University of New England (UNE) transgenic chestnut team compares transgenic, non-transgenic full siblings, Chinese, f1 hybrid or first-generation Chinese American hybrid, and backcrossed advanced-generation hybrid trees (see Table 1.1). Seedlings were raised from seed in two greenhouses at UNE and planted in the field in a randomized design between 14 May to 18 May 2021, when trees were 5.5 to 6 months old. We examined the roles of the type of seedling, greenhouse conditions, and seedling conditions at planting on the growth rates of seedlings.
Despite varying seedlings’ initial health conditions, they grew similar heights before being outplanted in the field. After the first field season, healthier seedlings depicted as pathogen – seedlings (refer to Chapter 3 Methods) grew statistically larger in height than sick seedlings depicted as pathogen + seedlings. Additionally, seedlings bred in more southern sites grew successfully in Maine during year one, suggesting growth in historically northern chestnut native range possible. Transgenic seedlings grew similarly to their non-transgenic full siblings, suggesting that, thus far, the inserted gene from wheat does not impede growth in the field. Lastly, offspring with some European sativa genes inherited from Maine mothers ULL, UNU, and USU supported strong height growth trends in Maine, like Ashdale seedlings in New York. The two greatest factors on height growth for seedlings after year one were the influence on sativa gene inheritance by offspring and seedlings’ initial growth in a pathogen – environment.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a tool that holds great promise for applications to spatially explicit problems. At the same time, drone-captured aerial imagery provides high resolution spatial data that can be used to advance research efforts. However, little work is being done combining drone-captured aerial images and ArcGIS. I incorporated drone-captured aerial images with ArcGIS Pro to map the seedlings’ performances for the Cape Elizabeth field site. I created two maps to help visualize the growth trends of seedlings after the first year’s field season and as a baseline for multi-year future analysis and model for the parallel SUNY-ESF orchard
New England Osteopathic Association: Constitution
Get PDFConstitution of the New England Osteopathic Association organized in Boston January 28, 1905.https://dune.une.edu/mcpartlandcollection/1004/thumbnail.jp
Perioperative Methadone Use And Postoperative Pain Control In Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Spinal Fusion Surgery
Get PDFPatients undergoing elective spinal fusion surgeries often experience moderate to severe postoperative pain (Murphy et al., 2017). The use of perioperative methadone has been suggested as an effective adjunct for patients to reduce postoperative pain, decrease opioid use, and improve patient satisfaction (Murphy et al., 2017). Traditional opioid management of orthopedic spine surgeries include intermittent injections or patient-controlled analgesia devices. These approaches may cause fluctuating levels of opioids or require patient education and cooperation to be effective (Murphy & Szokol, 2019). Methadone has a much longer elimination half-life when compared to other opioids, and therefore may provide patients with a stable blood concentration of opioid to improve postoperative pain control (Murphy & Szokol, 2019). In adult patients undergoing elective spine surgery, how effective is perioperative methadone use compared to traditional opioid management in controlling postoperative pain in the first 24 hours
The Library Scuttle: October 2023
Get PDFLibrary resource awareness poster covering Research & Teaching Librarians, Visible Body Suite anatomy resource, and library facts.https://dune.une.edu/libraryscuttle/1001/thumbnail.jp