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A comparative analysis of land, labour and gender in a communal area and fast track farm in Zvimba Rural District, Zimbabwe
Full text linkThis thesis provides a comparative analysis of gender, land, and labour between two different types of farming sites in rural Zimbabwe, namely long-established communal areas and the more recent Al fast track land reform resettlement areas. More specifically, the focus is on Kanzou Village and Stratford fast track resettlement farm respectively, located in Zvimba District in Mashonaland West Province. The study focuses on the period from the year 2000, the year in which the fast track resettlement programme was launched by the government. The thesis examines in particular the status and experience of women with regard to land acquisition, access and security as well as the division of labour (including assets, inputs and labour-time) in the spheres of production (i.e., agriculture) and social reproduction (i.e., the domestic sphere). This includes highlighting the power relations existing between men and women in both spheres, in the light of prevailing systems of patriarchy. Analytically, the thesis is framed in terms of feminism, drawing upon the complementary insights of Third World feminism and socialist feminism. In seeking to capture the perspectives and practices of men and women in the two sites, the fieldwork for the study entails a qualitative methodology. The findings of the research demonstrate the existence and relevance of patriarchal systems with respect to land and labour in Kanzou Village and Stratford fast track farm, with key commonalities appearing across the two sites with reference to the multiple ways in which women are disadvantaged and disempowered. Therefore, gender bias and inequality in land and labour are exhibited by the fact that men have, for instance, easier access to land, less involvement in labouring activities, control over a higher proportion of household income and a disproportionate level of power in the household. At the same time, there are certain differences between Kanzou Village and Stratford fast track farm around questions of gender, land and labour, but these are differences in degree rather than kind. Perhaps more important in explaining the differences between the two sites, and indeed differences within each site, are other variables. These variables include marital status, form or marriage (for example, customary or civil marriages), age and gender. By considering these variables as well, the thesis shows the importance of unpacking the notion of ‘woman’ to reveal the variegated and differential experiences of different categories of women in rural Zimbabwe.Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 202
The impact of Basel III higher capital and liquidity requirements on the profitability of South African banks
Full text linkThis study employs a robust quantitative research design meticulously tailored to investigate the nuanced impact of Basel III capital and liquidity requirements on the profitability of South African banks. The data collection process is anchored in a rigorous approach, driven by the acquisition and meticulous review of financial statements sourced from a carefully curated sample of South Africa’s banks. Ensuring the sample’s representativeness is of paramount importance for bolstering the study’s findings. To this end, a purposive sampling technique, distinguished for its deliberate selection methodology, was applied judiciously. This method yielded the selection of 10 banks, chosen carefully to encapsulate a cross-section of the South African banking landscape, so enhancing the research’s validity and robustness. The analysis of this intricate dataset is underpinned by advanced statistical techniques, with regression analysis the principal analytical tool. Specifically, the study harnesses the Arellano-Bond generalised method of moments (GMM), a sophisticated yet versatile statistical methodology appropriate for disentangling complex relationships in longitudinal data. This analytical approach is perfectly suited to trace the nuanced interactions between Basel III’s capital and liquidity requirements and the profitability trajectories of South African banks. Spanning a 12- year timeframe, 2010 to 2022, this study attempts to encapsulate the evolution of the banking landscape in the wake of Basel III’s implementation. This extensive temporal scope enables the research to capture both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends, enriching its insights and lending depth to the analysis. The first objective of this study was to unravel the intricate web of macro-specific and bank-specific factors influencing the profitability of banks in South Africa. Net interest margin (NIM), a pivotal metric reflecting bank profitability and efficiency, was central to the investigation. Empirical insights gleaned from the analysis revealed several key determinants of NIM for South African banks. Notably, NIM displayed a high degree of persistence over time. This suggests that South African banks do not adjust swiftly to changes in market conditions, emphasising the importance for bank managers of considering the long-term repercussions of their decisions on interest, income and expenses. The results also illuminated a set of critical variables closely linked to NIM. These include credit loss, non-interest income, market concentration, stability (Z-score) and inflation. These variables collectively underscored the banks’ ability to navigate the multi-faceted landscape of risks and uncertainties in the banking sector, including credit risk, operational risk, market risk and inflationrisk. The positive relationship between these variables and NIM indicated the banks’ adeptness at passing on costs and risks to customers through higher interest rates or fees, all while leveraging their market power and diversification strategies. Conversely, a negative and significant association emerged between NIM and bank size, GDP per capita, private credit and the repo rate. These variables underscored the competitive pressure and macroeconomic dynamics influencing the demand for and supply of credit in the banking sector. In this context, the negative relationship suggested that larger banks, those operating in more developed and competitive markets, and those encountering lower policy rates, tend to exhibit lower NIM. These banks, due to heightened competition and lower demand for credit, face diminished interest income and narrower margins. Notably, variables like cost-to-income ratio, funding structure and loan-to-deposit ratio did not emerge as significant in explaining NIM for South African banks. This implies that these variables exert a relatively weaker influence on the profitability and efficiency of South African banks, or that their effects are subsumed by other variables in the model. The second objective examined the effect of higher capital buffers on bank profitability. Empirical findings revealed a negative yet statistically insignificant co-efficient for the CET1 variable in the regression analysis. This observation indicated that there is no substantial relationship between Basel III Tier 1 capital ratio (CET1) and bank profitability, as measured by NIM, among South African banks. This suggests that Basel III capital requirements do not have a significant influence on the profitability and efficiency of these banks, or their effect varies depending on other bank-specific or macroeconomic variables. The third objective focused on the effect of Basel III liquidity regulations, epitomised by the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), on bank profitability in South Africa. Empirical results revealed a negative but statistically insignificant relationship between LCR and NIM. This observation indicates that Basel III liquidity regulations exert no discernible effect on the net interest income of South African banks. This finding could be attributed to the fact that South African banks had already fortified their liquidity positions prior to Basel III implementation, adhering to stringent regulatory requirements and prudent liquidity management practices. As a result, the introduction of LCR did not pose a significant alteration or constraint on the liquidity standing and profitability of South African banks. It also implies that other factors, like market conditions, funding structures or asset compositions, play more pivotal roles than the LCR in shaping the profitability of South African banks. These factors may influence the net interest spread, cost of funds or risk-adjusted returns of these banks.Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, School of Economics, 202
Improving access to evidence-based interventions for trauma-exposed adults in low-and middle-income countries
Full text linkIn low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the mental health consequences of trauma exposure pose a substantial personal, societal, and economic burden. Yet, the significant need for evidence-based mental health treatment remains largely unmet. To unlock the potential for mental health care for trauma survivors in lower-resource contexts, it is critical to map treatment barriers and identify strategies to improve access to evidence-based, culturally appropriate, and scalable interventions. This review, based on an International Society for Traumatic Stress (ISTSS) briefing paper, describes the treatment gap facing adults with traumatic stress in LMICs and identifies the barriers that contribute to this gap. We then highlight strategies for enhancing access to effective treatments for these populations, including task-sharing, the use of culturally adapted and multiproblem interventions, and digital tools to scale access to appropriate care. Finally, we offer recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and service providers to guide an agenda for action to close the treatment gap for trauma survivors in LMICs
Ithumbu laseRhode
No full textOriginating from the beautiful western Thembuland region near Lesotho, this intricate bead necklace resembles the sinuous form of intestines, capturing attention with its unique allure. It features a predominant hue of mesmerising turquoise blue, lending it an enchanting aura. The colours and design of this necklace hold a distinct narrative, introduced to the region by traditional doctors who adorned themselves with these foreign embellishments. Each bead carries a story of cultural exchange and reverence, embodying the rich tapestry of traditions woven throughout the land.Purchased from Mrs Joan BrosterForms part of: Walter Sisulu University Beadwork Collectio
Isigcina ntliziyo
No full textA cherished memento, this necklet features a delicate flat tab design adorned with six lustrous pearl buttons. It is often worn by teenagers as a symbol of youth and elegance.Purchased from Mrs Joan BrosterForms part of: Walter Sisulu University Beadwork Collectio
Isipili sentombazana
No full textThe mirror symbolises the girl's transition, highlighted by the elegant, flowing streamers adorning it. This beautiful tradition holds deep cultural significance and is a meaningful rite of passage for young girls. Entlombeni traditional dance is a momentous cultural event where girls adorn themselves with a necklet featuring a metal-encased mirror, symbolising their coming of age.Purchased from Mrs Joan BrosterForms part of: Walter Sisulu University Beadwork Collectio
Ubulunga bobudlezana
No full textA neckband crafted from carefully woven strands of white hair, meticulously secured in elegant ovals and bordered with a buttonhole stitch. The hair is sourced from the tail of a heifer cow known as "inkomo yobulunga" within the isiXhosa-speaking community. This remarkable necklace is specially designed for nursing mothers to wear during their confinement period, symbolising tradition, care, and support during this important phase of motherhood.Purchased from Mrs Joan BrosterForms part of: Walter Sisulu University Beadwork Collectio
IBhekile yophatha izinto zokutshaya
No full textThis object in question is a receptacle designed for the preservation of smoking accoutrements, encompassing tobacco, igniting implements, and occasionally confectioneries. The described billy can is distinguished by its adornment with bands of beads and further embellished with bead trimmers, pearl buttons, and pink woollen pompoms. This multifaceted decorative approach not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the container but also reflects a certain cultural or personal significance attributed to the act of smoking and the items associated with it.Purchased from Mrs Joan BrosterForms part of: Walter Sisulu University Beadwork Collectio
IBhekile yophatha izinto zokutshaya
No full textThis object in question is a receptacle designed for the preservation of smoking accoutrements, encompassing tobacco, igniting implements, and occasionally confectioneries. The described billy can is distinguished by its adornment with bands of beads and further embellished with bead trimmers, pearl buttons, and pink woollen pompoms. This multifaceted decorative approach not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the container but also reflects a certain cultural or personal significance attributed to the act of smoking and the items associated with it.Purchased from Mrs Joan BrosterForms part of: Walter Sisulu University Beadwork Collectio
Cyber security compliance in South Africa’s maritime sector
Full text linkGlobally, cyber attacks on the maritime industry have escalated exponentially, indicating that cyber security should be an international priority. The majority of maritime digital systems are connected to the cloud through information technologies, creating vulnerability to cyber attacks. Cyber security is critical to protect and ensure resiliency in the maritime industry’s operations. In July 2021, a cyber attack targeted the Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA) and caused significant disruption to operations at multiple South African ports. Port operations were reduced to manual processes, which resulted in severe congestion. Transnet declared a force majeure during the two weeks it took to reinstate minimal operations. The TNPA cyber attack emphasised the need for effective strategies and procedures to prevent and recover from cyber attacks in the South African maritime industry. As maritime transport contributes significantly to South Africa’s gross domestic product (GDP), the incident had a detrimental effect on the country’s economy. It is, therefore, important to ensure that the South African maritime industry remains aware of the latest strategies and guidelines for cyber risk management. This study set out to establish if South Africa’s maritime industry complies with international standards for cyber risk management by analysing the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) guidelines for cyber risk management. South Africa’s cyber risk management strategies were evaluated, and recommendations were made to improve the cyber risk management strategies and procedures currently employed in the South African maritime industry.Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 202