1811 research outputs found
Sort by
Pragmatism and Political Pluralism - Consensus and Pluralism
Get PDFA pragmatist thinker like Nicholas Rescher deems the idea that social harmony must be predicated in consensus to be both dangerous and misleading. An essential problem of our time is the creation of political and social institutions that enable people to live together in peaceful and productive ways, despite the presence of not eliminable disagreements about theoretical and practical issues. Such remarks, in turn, strictly recall the “practical” impossibility of settling philosophical disputes by having recourse to abstract and aprioristic principles. In the circumstances, the social model of team members cooperating for a common purpose is unrealistic. A more adequate model is, instead, that of a classical capitalism where - in a sufficiently well developed system - both competition and rivalry manage somehow to foster the benefit of the entire community (theory of the “hidden hand”). Certainly the scientific community is one of the best examples of this that we have, although even in this case we must be careful not to give too idealized a picture of scientific research. Consensus, however, in the Western tradition is an ideal worth being pursued. At this point we are faced with two basic positions. On the one side (a) “consensualists” maintain that disagreement should be averted no matter what, while, on the other, (b) “pluralists” accept disagreement because they take dissensus to be an inevitable feature of the imperfect world in which we live. A pluralistic vision, therefore, tries to make dissensus tolerable, and not to eliminate it. All theories of idealized consensus present us with serious setbacks. This is the case, for instance, with Charles S. Peirce. As is well known, Peirce takes truth to be “the limit of inquiry,” i.e. either what science will discover in the (idealized) long run, or what it would discover if the human efforts were so extended. By taking this path, thus, truth is nothing but the ultimate consensus reached within the scientific community. We can be sure that, once a “final” answer to a question has been found which is thereafter maintained without change, that one is the truth we were looking for. This fascinating theory, however, has various unfortunate consequences. In our day the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas has in a way revived these Peircean insights, putting forward an influential theory to the effect that consensus indeed plays a key role in human praxis, so that the primary task of philosophy is to foster it by eliminating the disagreement which we constantly have to face in the course of our daily life. In his “communicative theory of consensus,” furthermore, he claims that human communication rests on an implicit commitment to a sort of “ideal speech situation” which is the normative foundation of agreement in linguistic matters. Consequently, the quest for consensus is a constitutive feature of our nature of (rational) human beings: rationality and consensus are tied together. A very strong consequence derives from Habermas’ premises: were we to abandon the search for consensus we would lose rationality, too, and this makes us understand that he views the pursuit of consensus as a regulative principle (rather than as a merely practical objective). Rescher opposes both Peirce’s eschatological view and Habermas’ regulative and idealized one
The Influence of Managers on the Performance of Employees in the Private Sector
Get PDFReward management is cardinal for success of performance management and has unlimited potential in motivating employees to give their best performance. Managing reward and leveraging it as a performance management strategy requires a holistic approach and professional acumen. Reward is a double-edged sword. Reward must be made and extended keeping in mind individual and collective interests of employees, and at the same time it should have an intimate relationship and alignment with strategic objectives of an organization. Traditionally, interests of organization (management) and that of its employees as far as monetary rewards are concerned, are assumed to be conflictive. There is logic in such an assumption. However, modern economies, changing cultural ethos and ultra people management practices have altered this proposition ti a great extent. As a result today there are practices like ESOPs, involvement, empowerment and partnerships offering to workforce. However, much remains to be done in this area. First priority for organizations is that they must reorient their compensation, incentive and recognition schemes to be performance focused. These individual and piecemeal practices should also be brought under the umbrella of reward management. In other words, reward must be used and deployed as a powerful corporate strategy to obtain superior employee and organizational performance. Keeping in view this first and important priority, this chapter presents reward-based performance management strategy to obtain superior instrument. This instrument is expected to enhance performance of employees and contribute towards creating towards creating performance excellence as a way of organizational life.Epoka Universit
Authentic Leadership in The State Social Service
No full textFor a long period of time leadership researchers have shown wide interest regarding
gender and leadership, highlighting the differences between women and men (Book,
2000; Bowman, Worthy, & Greyser, 1965). These differences initially considered as an
inferiority of women versus men (eg, some authors support the view that women lack the
traits and capabilities needed for managerial success, Henning & Jardin, 1977) are
reversing recently in advantage of women as superior in leadership roles (Book, 2000;
Helgesen, 1990). However, up to 70' academics have almost ignored the interconnection
between gender and leadership (Chemers, 1997). After the global economic and social
development, and as a result of increasing number of women in management positions,
the question raises: "Can women lead?”
This theoretical and empirical study aims to answer precisely the question if women own
traits, styles and authenticity associated with leadership. Obviously the study is
contextualised and deductions can not be claimed because of its inductive nature.
However, after a concise fulfilment and comprehensive review of the literature within the
framework of the summary table, the study is empirically materialised in the institution of
the State Social Service. In this institution, the author has attempted to analyse female
leadership through case study method and questionnaires, under three perspectives: that
of the leadership traits, styles, and authentic leadership.Epoka Universit
The Semantic Flourish of Symbols in “The Scarlet Letter”
Get PDFSymbolism is one of the most frequently used devices in literature. Hawthorne’s “The scarlet letter” is well known for its multiple and interesting symbols. Many critics have assumed that the whole meaning of the novel is based on the decoding of its symbols. As most of the deinitions on symbols and symbolism are based on cognitive theories, we are going to use a cognitive linguistics approach to explore and decode the different meanings of each symbol. The paper will prove that based on a speciic context each symbol acquires a speciic meaning. They also deteriorate or progress as the subject deteriorates or progresses
Classroom Management and Bullying – A Recent Phenomenon of the 21st Century Schools
Get PDFWhen discussing about classroom management, we no longer tend to consider it as a simple technical issue of the schooling system. On the contrary, classroom management is treated as a basic component of schooling and the teaching process. Since school is intended to provide students with the basic desired learning outcomes, then classroom management should not be viewed as an end in itself but as a means for creating and maintaining a learning environment that is optimal in achieving the intended curricular goals. Recognizing that classroom management is a fundamental support for the learning and teaching process, while on the other side bullying in schools has begun to receive serious attention, it is to be admitted that little is known about the relationship between classroom management and bullying in the classroom. The process of exploring this kind of relationship between the two, goes through a detailed investigation among classroom management techniques, students’ behavior, physical environment, social factors, teachers’ methods and practices etc. The paper intends to ind the answer to some questions regarding bullying in our schools. How much is the bullying phenomenon spread in Albanian schools? What are some of the reasons that lead to bullying troubles among students themselves, as well as students and teachers? What strategies do teachers apply to deal with the bullying phenomenon? Under what circumstances is bullying more likely to occur in the school environment?Therefore through this paper by exploring the relationship between bullying and classroom management, by providing an answer to the above questions and discovering the techniques teachers implement to reduce it, we would be able to ind out how much bullying interferes in classroom management issues, and how we can solve it. This would undoubtedly offer some
help for the teachers in treating with the bullying phenomenon in their teaching practices, in order to achieve well managed classrooms
Inclusive Education For Children With Autism- The Need For Change
Get PDFChildren with Autism are immersed in environments that make little to no sense to them. For educators attempting to meet the diverse range of learning needs for children with ASD, the lack or limited knowledge regarding the type of interventions to implement in the classroom can be both misleading and confusing. Interventions need to address the issue of competence in inclusive settings by creating positive, predictable environments that allow the child to develop and expand their ability to successfully impact the environment around them. Educating children with autism simply because the law demands it and the increase of the social awareness is not enough. Education has resulted in unrealistic and unreasonable expectations for students and has hindered the potential progress of students with ASD. Although every child with autism is different and the behavioural manifestations of the cognitive impairments are variable, there are certain key issues which make the education of these children within mainstream schooling a particular challenge. The ‘dyad of impairment’ summarizes the dificulties of the autistic child, but the actual manifestation of these in the dynamics of the classroom can vary from situation to situation and child to child. It is important for teachers, administrators, and other school personnel to be knowledgeable about evidence-based approaches to adequately address the needs of students with autism. The purpose of this article is to suggest to inclusive education system and educators themselves with an overview of evidence-based practice, outline effective teaching practices, and highlight speciic resources that teachers can use
Semantic Approach of Polysemy
Get PDFThis article is concerned with the linguistic semantic phenomenon of polysemy. Treated together with homonymy both represent quite complex linguistic phenomena, which deserves proper treatment. In this article we mainly deal with the main sources and cases which create polysemy both in English and Albanian language in order to have a better understanding of the polysemy itself and in relation with homonymy. Using all the time a comparative approach, we have tried to group the main sources of polysemy, illustrating them with relevant examples from both languages
Gagauzians and Turkish Language within the Context of Balkans
Get PDFNowadays, Gagauzians live in Gagauzia within the republic of Moldova. They came in the 11th century to this region. Gagauzians are orthodox Christian in faith but nationally they belong to Oguz tribe of Turks. According to 2004 census in Gagauzia live totally 155.646 people. Beside Moldova one can meet Gagauz people in regions and countries such as Dobrudsha, Northeastern Bulgaria, Western Trace, Ukraine and Central Asia etc. Gagauzians speak Gagauz language, which is a dialect of Turkish. As Gagauzia gained the status of an autonomous territorial unit in 1995 Gagauzians started to use Turkish in public places without any problems, however there exist some severe problems regarding the use of Turkish as an instruction language. This paper deals with the usage of Turkish in public life as well as in schools in Gagauzia, from past to present within the context of Europe. This article analyses which problems do exist in the field of education and how far is developed the Gagauz press and media organs in Gagauzia
Relationship between Self Determination and Nationalism in the Balkans
Get PDFThe former Yugoslavia is seen as a symbol of the federation, for more than 50 years even though in itself there were big contradicts between different parts of it. In fact the creation of the Yugoslavia has been the real deny of the nation of Croats, Albanians, Bosnians, Macedonians and others. A key element in this long process full of deep-armed conflicts was the application of the right of peoples to self-determination. A continuing debate among international lawyers is whether or not there exists a right to self-determination1. In the light of recent developments, especially after the Kosovo independence, paper calls for more specific guidelines regarding the right to self-determination, secession and for sure the right to territorial integrity. The so-called "international community" lacks a clear, principled and practicable policy towards self-determination claims. This is the key issue of this paper, trying through the evolution of the right to self determination and its relation to nationalism, how this concept has affected the meaning and the application of the right to self determination in the world wide and more specifically in the former Yugoslavia. So, using a comparative way but at the same time by exploring the specification of each case in discussion, to arrive to a more clear and solid principle of the right to self-determination
Clinical Education, the lessons learned from practical applications - Albanian issues, East Europe and the advanced international practices on Clinical Education
Get PDFWhile studying the law, for the students is very important to be in touch with legal issues and the real needs of the society. A legal clinic, also called a law school clinic or law clinic, is a program organized through a law school that allows students to receive law school credit as they work part-time in real legal service atmospheres. In legal clinics, students perform various tasks just as an attorney would do in the same job position, such as doing legal research, drafting briefs and other legal documents, and interviewing clients. Many jurisdictions even allow students to appear in court on behalf of clients, even in criminal defense. Legal clinics is part of the academic law program in the most of the law faculties all over the world and it has a great impact in the community’s life. Throughout legal clinics students not only get the opportunity to be part of an important experience, but also they can be effective and help the people in need with their work. This paper aims to bring attention to the importance of clinical education in the formation of young lawyers and how one can learn from experience. There will be discussed important issues about legal clinic, the objectives and its mission, how to apply it and the benefits legal clinic brings not only for the academic area but also for the society