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Developing Interethnic and Intercultural Competencies - Aims and Syllabus in the Context of Elementary Education Students in Republic of Macedonia
Get PDFТhe main goal of our theoretical research was to show how much the syllabus allow development of awareness about the diversities and development of life values in multiethnic and multicultural environments. In that context, we established the goal to analyze the objectives and the content of the syllabus of the most relevant subjects regarding multicultural and intercultural education: Introduction to society and Society for grades I – V. Having in mind that in Macedonia there are different cultures, religions, traditions and languages, it is necessary to develop competencies to show respect for the diversities and to develop the multicultural awareness of the students at the earliest age. On the other hand, globalization, as a characteristic of the modern age, increasingly imposes the need to develop the intercultural awareness and competencies of the students as well. The interethnic (multicultural) as well as intercultural competencies are especially important from several aspects: firstly, as a result of the need to overcome stereotypes and prejudices still present in our society, and secondly, to develop values in children, and especially empathy in students
Review on the Changing Role of Grammar Teaching in Second Language Instruction
Get PDFThe numerous trends in the ield of second language instruction have always resulted in different approaches to the role grammar teaching plays in this process. They have varied from the ones which positioned grammar at the heart of second language learning and even equated it to the language itself to the ones which totally disregarded its role thus ignoring it completely. This study aims to review the tendencies regarding the changing role of grammar teaching overtime by giving brief descriptions of most popular approaches. It will also focus on the importance that late approaches and recent research in the field give to the teaching of grammar and the role it plays in developing communicative competence
The postmodern female autograph in american literature: Black female autobiography in between literary experimentation and cultural strangulation
Get PDFBased on a qualitative analysis of the American literary canon of the 1980’s, early 21st century. This paper aims to identify and highlight the position that women –of –color occupy in this canon, the status enjoyed by autobiography in such a society and the degree to which writing one’s self for black female autobiographers meant revealing one’s innermost subjectivity rather than living a lie to oneself and to others. Considering the female quest for a voice in the mainstream American literature autobiographical canon as a claiming for at least a niche of one’s own, this paper correlates the peak periods of autobiographical productivity for women to the 1890 WWI era and the late 1960s and 1970s, as time frames characterized by an ever increasing participation of women in the public service. Delving deep into the differing texture of the male and the female discourse, the paper considers that while male writing held a privileged place in the canon, female writing held a marginalized devalued position in the outskirts of society. While, even after the postmodern decision that the author is dead, males feel free to express the truth in the corpus of their writing; women’s autobiographies posit their Selves as a way of establishing their own Selves. Though the majority of critics still persist in either
erasing the woman’s story by relegating it to the margins of the critical discourse or uncritically conlating the dynamics of male and female selfhood, they agree that female autobiographies share the use of understatement and fragmentation, and tend to be more truthful while writing outside the guise of iction. Viewing America just as a shattered mirror mistakenly relecting the sense of oppression, discrimination and alienation that the blacks go through, this paper considers the need for handling black autobiographical texts by developing culturally speciic ways. While the early black autobiographies were mainly conversion narratives focusing on the spiritual development and emancipation of the individual, the black autobiographies of the 1980s started to regard the genre as a site of formal revisionism and free play of signiication, adopting a new agenda of exploring the genre and developing new ways of dealing with texts and traditions. While the slave narratives articulated the ideals of selfhood, and the emancipation autobiographiescelebrated the personal triumphs, the post-WWII autobiographies assisted the task of full deinition by adding denominators such as race, sexuality, class and religion. Revisiting the tenets of postmodernism for establishing a bond between the genre of autobiography and the postmodern condition the paper regards the postmodern autobiography as the one challenging the traditional concepts of a completeness of the Self and revolutionizing the narrative practice, by offering new patterns of meaning which reject completeness, linearity and order in the name of randomness and chance. By delving into some of the autobiographies of the time the paper reveals how feminist politics and postmodern aesthetics become inextricably linked, abandoning the presence of a single, reliable narrative voice in favor of the postmodern blurring of the boundaries between fact and fiction, history and myth
Effective Teaching Strategies that Induce Students to Adopt a Deep Approach to Learning in Higher Education
Get PDFThe concept of approach to learning has been studied extensively because it is strongly related to students’ level of understanding and learning outcomes. In general, three different approaches have been described: deep, surface and strategic/achieving. In this paper is discussed the concept of approach to learning and proper teaching strategies in higher education context that induce students to adopt a deep approach to learning. The aim of this paper is to argue that the approaches to learning cannot only be seen as mere student-dependent characteristics, but as one can be dependent on a number of factors as personal (e.g., student gender, age, prior experiences) and contextual (e.g., teaching/ learning activities/methods, perceived workload, assessment procedures, institutional values),(Biggs, 1987; Zeegers, 2001). In the light of this discussion, some of theories of university teachers` approaches to teaching are described and some of effective teaching strategies are suggested in address to higher education teachers. Considering approaches to learning and teaching as issues of real concern for higher education institutions today, this paper seek to bring a modest contribute not only to quality of debate which surround this area, but also to get hold of opportunity for some reflection on current practice of higher education
OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN GEOPOLITICS. GEOPOLITICAL SCENARIOS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ESDP
Get PDFAlbania is prepared and recently hopes to receive the invitation for the EU candidate membership, that means not only removal of countries state barriers and borders, but above all the integration process means the approach to the fundamental values on which it was built and breath this great organization. As such process, we need to deepen and widen the economical, political, social and security reform programs. The Integration process itself includes a wide range of activities and actors contribution, which must be taken in consideration by not avoiding them when it comes to focus to geopolitics as a concept, but also challenges that faces our country, Albanian people in their European integration, without neglecting the analysis process of scenarios associated with strategic allies choice for Albania , Kosovo and their issue as a whole.
The recent debate and not only political view on these strategic alliances, on which will be the primary on the list of priorities, bring to the scene the debate of geopolitics itself, its current focus, as a methodical tool to analyze our foreign policy, trying to explain and anticipate regional and international developments, mainly geographical elements, like position, size, climate, topography, demography, natural resources, but she also includes geopolitical interests focused on common geopolitical system, which includes a geographical region, the cultural dimension etc. Geopolitics gets boost from the history and historical events. It reflects the connections of interests and elements of national power, political and strategic decision-making process in geographical contexts. Based on that issue and sensitivity, I will try to give these considerations, of course not in an exhaustive way, a thorough overview of geopolitics in general and especially in Europe with focus to the possible scenarios and impact to the common policy and defense security.
In a panoramic way I will bring a historical and evolutionary concept of geopolitics , its significance and its links to the other related discipline as Geo-strategy, etc. Geopolitical factors and methods together with key theory and respective representatives will be part of this analysis, focusing on the geopolitics of EU, its origin and internal dynamics. We retrospective way we give a summary of EU history,its configuration process, their institutions, such as EU Parliament, the European Council, the EU Commission etc. The Common Policy and Defense security given in the Treaty of Maastricht and then the evolution related to the role of Western European Union (WEU) in the development of the EU Defense policy. Later on the emerge of European security and defense policy (Declaration of St–Malo Treaty) .
Several geopolitical scenario and their general and particular impacts to ESDP are given and analyzed in the contexts, by highlights of the perceptions and perspectives of geopolitical schools representatives in the past and also contemporary with their assessments and predictions for the future of the EU. Geopolitical Strategies are associated with the development and coherence of those member countries and those countries seeking membership by accepting this continental project as necessity and not supporting the dissolution or disintegration of EU. The end of cold war brought about the disappearance of ideological divisions and conflicts between the two main blocs led by two superpowers. After this period, Globalization phenomena took unprecedented proportions, with all its dimensions and appearance, economic, political, social, cultural and security. This situation prompted the re-dimensioned of geopolitics in its role and mission in a new international environment, where the number the actors their interests was continuously increasin
TRANSITION IN SERBIA: FOUNDATIONS, RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES
Get PDFPaper considers the foundations, results and perspectives of transition process in Serbia. The foundations were the postulates of neoclassical economics, the mainstream in recent economic thought. They determined the goal, the methodology, and the ideological basis of this process, and resulted especially in Washington Consensus. The results of the reforms, based on Consensus, showed, with some exceptions, that Serbia, as the other former socialist countries, realized deep and long-term economic fall, followed by similar processes in other spheras. Contrary to ordinary opinions that transition crisis show as result of inconsistency in reforms taking, the paper argues that this is normally its result. As an analogue is the Morgenthau’s plan for West Germany observed, that has promoted Germany to industrial disarmament, and that would lead to its poverty and its transformation into raw material basis for the developed economies, and to impossibility of survival of the existing number of population. Fortunately for the Germany, Morgenthau’s plan was abandoned and Marshall’s plan was introduced. It leads to industrial renewal of Germany. For the transition countries it is also necessary, considering the practice and basic principles of the Other Canon, which have they, origins as far as from the economic policy of Henry VII, to access re-industrialization in the same way, which is the necessity for renewal of economies, and for overcoming the long-term crisis
AN ANALYSIS OF TURKEY REGARDING THE DECENTRALIZATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM
Get PDFIn the post-80s, within the context of liberalization and globalization a reform on the local governments was called for all around the world. In line with this trend, reforms were put into practice in Turkey. However, these reforms were not systematically implemented up to 2000s. After the Justice and Development Party came to power, local governments were financially and administratively strengthened. Local governments have begun to come to the fore within the administrative structure in terms of authority, duties and responsibilities. In the last decade they have been the driving force of the economic production being in harmony with the market. Apart from this general picture of transformation, the government has carried out two important policies. The first one is the closure of minor local government units (municipalities and villages). The second policy is the enlargement of the borders of metropolitan and provincial municipalities. In many settlements, the process of enlargement has been implemented to include the first policy. At the end of the year 2012, a law which epitomized these decade-long reforms on local governments was passed and with this law the outline of this reform process was drawn and concretized. This paper aims at briefly explaining the mentioned reform process and evaluating it from different perspectives
Knowledge and Enhancement of Architectural and Archaeological Heritage: the Palace of GLA in Tirana
Get PDFThis study relates two research fields developed by the Faculty of Architecture of Bari: the first one began since 2006, focused on the knowledge and enhancement of modern Italian architecture in Albania, and the second one characterized by the synergy between the disciplines of interior design, museology and museography applied to the topic of the archaeological museum. The study-case is the Palazzo della Gioventù del Littorio Albanese (GLA), a building designed by the Florentine architect Gherardo Bosio in 1939 for the monumental centre of Tirana, which includes nowadays a variety of activities (Archaeological Museum, gym, library and Rector’s office of the Polytechnic of Tirana). A multidisciplinary Laboratory Degree carried out at the Faculty of Architecture of Bari during the a.y. 2012-2013, examined the original features, the transformations over time, and the potentiality of the Palace. The Laboratory developed a project of architectural requalification, partial re-functioning and expansion of this building, strengthening the cultural vocation and thereby contributing indirectly to the enhancement of the urban context. In particular, the Laboratory studied the existing Archaeological Museum, proposing a renewed ordering of the archaeological finds, and elaborated a project of enhancing the interior spaces, rationalization of the exhibition itinerary and renovation of the exhibition systems. It also developed a hypothesis of restriction in order to accommodate cultural activities annexed to the museum. The expansion of the museum has grown at the level of the basement of the building, with volumes not visible on the outside, preserving the original features of the architectural form. The possibility of requalification of the Palace of GLA as a museum centre fits into the framework of the development of the museum network, of which the Museum of Tirana could be a fulcrum able to offer a summary of the archaeological heritage of Albania
Architectural Decorative Elements of Tirana Traditional Villas: The Italian Impact
Get PDFThis paper presents an analysis of the architectonic details of traditional villas, during the years 1920-1950, in Tirana, Albania. The impact of the Italian architecture is studied. The research is focused on the categorization of the traditional villas, based on the urban situation and the construction period. Firstly, the study analyses and compares the details of the façade such as I) entrance, II) stairs, III) volume composition, IV) terrace and V) windows. Then, the villas are classified accordingly based on their features. The results concluded that the detailed comparison of the traditional villas in terms of decorative features could be of valuable information for the design of the modern buildings in Albania by using traditional elements. In addition, the study addresses the importance of the conservation and assessment of the maintaining all of these elements
Diachronic Growth of the Historical Urban Fabric of Tirana. - Typology of the “Multi-Familiar Dwelling Under the Same Roof”, As a Base Unit of this Urban Structure.
Get PDFNowadays the historical area of Tirana is in danger of extinction, not only due to the economic and cultural diversity of its habitants, but mostly of the careless approach of planning on such historical urban areas. The further study will explain the urban and historical values of the urban territory trough the study of diachronic development of the urban tissue and its base unit structure, in order to better comprehend and highlight the territorial potentials of the historical area. The historical urban fabric of Tirana, as many a like structures, is formed under a stratification process. Process that shaped and gives identity to such urban structures and the way these structures are created and develop makes them unique, as unique as a finger print. These features gives identity to such built areas creating a sense of belonging, creating mutual relationship between the people, the territory and define social behaviour and way of living. The typical “Multi-familiar dwelling under the same roof of Tirana” with all factors, against, had evolve in a sustainable way in the territory where it was located, creating a suitable way of living and influenced the new buildings with its characteristics. This typology creates an urban “status quo” and as a result of that we have a large part of the territory and its characteristics, preserved, the most important of them, the red pattern created by the roofs. These roofs seem very disordered but in fact they organize an even more complicated situation under their cover, making possible the unification of different social models