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Integration of Bosniak Community in Albania
Get PDFThe occupation of Bosnia by Austro-Hungarian forces in 1878, forced many Bosniaks to migrate to other countries and some families from Bosnia settled in Albania. For more than 100 years, in the territory between Tirana and Durres called Shijak, live in full harmony with the natives, the Bosniak community. Bosniaks who live in Albania have preserved their culture and language. This community is fully integrated.
This integration has occurred as a result of the ability of Bosniaks to adapt and because of the hospitality of Albanians. In this article I will argue that in societies with cultural diversity the integration of ethnic groups is an easier process compared to societies without cultural diversity. The integration of Bosniaks in Albania is an example of integration in a society with a high level of religious, cultural and subcultural diversity. In heterogeneous societies the integration of ethnic groups is an easier process unlike in homogeneous societies where the integration is more difficult as Herbert Gans argues that ‘’homogeneous societies do not provide cultural diversity '' and this makes integration a difficult process. Due to its cultural peculiarities, the Bosniak community that lives in Albania has the characteristics of a subculture. Integration and peaceful coexistence distributed to Bosniaks and Albanians is associating with the occurrence of diffusion.
In this article through interviews, observation and sociological theories I will argue that the integration of ethnic groups in the Balkans is possible as well as preservation of their language and culture of origin, and the coexistence between Albanians and Bosniaks is a good example for the Balkans
Neo-liberal Globalization and the EU Integration of the Western Balkans: The Case of Albania
Get PDFThe main rhetoric of the European Union for the Western Balkans, since the mid 1990’s has developed around the idea that if the Western Balkans implement the reforms recommended by the EU, they will develop economically, build a healthy democracy based on a functional rule of law system. In case of the failure of the reforms to achieve these objectives, which indeed is often the case, the answer is founded in the (liberal) modernization theory which argues that the reasons for the failure must be found on the domestic problems and the wrong implementation of the reforms whose beneficiary properties are taken for granted. This paper argues that contrary to the modernization theory, despite the fact that Albania faces many domestic socio-economic problems, structural causes and mechanisms/processes, which emerge from the operation of global economic system (neo-liberal globalization) rest at the center of this failure. This paper, based on the insights of the neo-Gramscian perspective, analyzes the EU integration strategies towards Albania as part of the neo-liberal globalization project/agenda. The complex and dynamic relations based on consent and coercion during this process and the role of the European Commission as the main instrument of this strategy will constitute the focus of this paper. Here is underlined the fact that despite the EU discourse on the implantation of reforms on democracy, human rights and the rule of law as pre conditions for full membership, in practice the Commission initiatives are strongly focused and restricted to the neo-liberal restructuring of Albania while leaving no concrete space for full membership. By the same token, reforms on the rule of law and democracy are reduced on the requirements of the neoliberal economic-political model of accumulation. As a result the main elements of the Commission strategies such as the neo-liberal economy restructuration, rule of law and democracy have not developed proportionally, leading to the reproduction of a kind of authoritarian state
The Effect of Gross Domestic Product and Money Supply on Inflation, Albanian Case
Get PDFOne of the biggest macroeconomic issues is the correlation between economic growth, inflation and the total amount of money in circulation or in existence in a country. Case of Albania is quite sensitive since it has been under the communism for a long time. Only after the fall of communism which started deteriorating in 1990, Albanian economy started having a good performance on fighting the post-communism. Economic growth is the best indicator to measure the performance of a country in a year. Thus, it has to do directly, positively or negatively to other indicators. The methodology used to understand the relationship (effect) of GDP and money supply on inflation, is multiple regression analysis. In this case we examine a sample made of 14 years from 1994 up to 2008. The independent variables are GDP and money supply since both have a crucial effect on the increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money
Oscillations in a Growth Model with Capital, Technology and Environment with Exogenous Shocks
Get PDFThis paper generalizes the dynamic growth model with wealth accumulation, technological change and environmental change by Zhang (2012) by making all the parameters as time-dependent parameters. The model treats physical capital accumulation, knowledge creation and utilization, and environmental change as endogenous variables. It synthesizes the basic ideas of the neoclassical growth theory, Arrow’s learning-by-doing model and the traditional dynamic models of environmental change within a comprehensive framework. The behavior of the household is described with an alternative approach to household behavior. We simulated the model to demonstrate existence of equilibrium points, motion of the dynamic system, and oscillations due to different exogenous shocks
Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) 2006 - Opportunities, Trade Relation and Evolution of Macedonian Economic Diplomacy
Get PDFMain activity in the foreign trade policy of the Republic of Macedonia during the past 10 years was the integration of the country on the Central European Free Trade Agreement – (CEFTA). The reason for this is the expectation that the membership of the Republic of Macedonia in CEFTA will significantly contribute to the continual efforts for strengthening the regional trade cooperation, further liberalisation of foreign trade exchange, and continuation of activities for harmonisation of trade rules with international standards. Additionally, CEFTA 2006 provides a much more comprehensive framework for development of mutual relations and economic cooperation among the countries of South Easte Europe. We will explain the concept of development of economic diplomacy in the Republic of Macedonia as a tool for supporting Macedonian economy. The purpose of these activities is to present the Republic of Macedonia as an attractive destination for foreign investments through the promotion of business advantages, and giving incentive to Macedonian export, as well as through strengthening of the country’s position as a attractive touristic destination
Improving Teaching and Learning through Action Research
Get PDFAction research can be considered as a continuous investigation through which the teachers aim to improve teaching strategies taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of students. This study will identify the importance of Action research as an instrument to ensure teachers methodological framework, to analyze and improve the process of teaching and learning. It will aim in gathering the positive practices of teachers in terms of research, which can serve as models for their colleagues in analog schools. We will rely on the experience of teachers and school administrators of secondary schools of Durres and Elbasan. This study will make use of a structured questionnaire, as an instrument of data collection. It will gather information about the teachers’ perceptions of the research impact on teaching practices and eficient class management. The indings of the study relected a positive perception of teachers about the process of action research, as an instrument of a successful teaching. Teachers should have the basic knowledge about action research in order to practice it as a part of their educational practice .The application of a quasi-experiment in two cases, created the possibility of a concrete commitment of teachers who applied the action research, passing each stage of this process. Such a practice should be ongoing in terms of identification and management of classrooms problems and offering a productive environment and a successful teaching
MASS VALUATION - COMPARISON BETWEEN REAL MARKET VALUE AND VALUE OF MAP VALUES (A CASE STUDY IN TIRANA CITY)
Get PDFReal estate, land is a miracle gifted by God to mankind which can be used for universal purposes and is an invaluable asset, at the same time constitutes one of the main assets for every state, or society. Also, at the same time, it represents one of the areas with the best and safest possibilities to invest, because the investment in a real estate can give higher profits and in a longer range of time than the profits that can be taken if we deposit money in the bank will, is protected from inflation and has sustainability in profit.
Seeing that immovable property covers a very important position for peoples and as well as for the economy of any country, then it is necessary to make an accurate assessment for its value and to define the goals of the assessment.
The goals of the assessment are many for reason like the sale, purchase, loan, financial reports, development and redevelopment, for purpose of compensation and expropriation, and many other reasons. Despite the purposes for which is done assessment of the real estate the main purpose is to determine the market value, which is the basis of the assessment of real estate.
One of the main purposes of making the valuation process is the creation of map of values for the building lands and apartments. As well as to define efficiency and quality of the current methodology used for evaluation of real estate in our country and also the improvements that can be made on the current methodology to increase the quality of property assessment.
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Exists two main categories for the valuation of real estate properties that are usually used and they are individual and mass valuation of real estate, where the individual valuation generally is used for smaller areas properties and more exactly for the valuation of buildings and has a higher accuracy but is not used on the valuation of larger areas because has higher cost and needs much time, whereas the mass valuation is generally used for the properties with larger areas, in most of the cases is used for expropriation and compensation purposes.
Has a smaller rate of accuracy than individual valuation but is generally used on valuation of properties with large surface, it has a lower cost and also needs less time than individual valuation to get in conclusions.
To determine the market value generally the valuators are based on the transactions that are done on the market of the real estate properties, where to have a value of a higher accuracy we must have on disposition as much as possible transactions for the selling of real estate properties.
The objective of this paper is to determine the factors that influence the large difference between the real value of the property and the property value based on the map of values determined by the government
Suburbs of space, suburbs of existence: the approach to the town of Pope Francis
Get PDFThe first Pope who comes from a megacities. Ideas and reflections on Pope Francis and the surrounding areas. His approach “globalized” to the church, evangelization, and about the spaces of the power in the city
Smuggling of human beings and connection with organized crime
Get PDFThrough this paper is intended to note the difference between human smuggling and trafficking in human beings, emphasizing the distinctive items and those that are common. During work the focus is on criminal offenses committed by persons individually or as part of an organized crime group with particular focus on Kosovo. During work addressed the causes or factors that have a direct or indirect impact on the reporting of crimes of immigrant smuggling as individual criminal acts or even when they are carried out in the form of organized crime. By then treated roads that are used by smugglers in the case of smuggling of migrants to countries of Western Europe and the methods that they use to smugglers illegally crossed from one state to another state. The paper also finally contains conclusions and recommendations for the prevention and combating criminal acts of persons smuggling
Practice of European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in the enforcement of courts’ final decisions
Get PDFThe paper aims at highlighting the importance of enforcement of judicial decisions as a key factor in building Rule of Law. As courts do not have the opportunity to lead themselves the process of decisions’s execution and the respective institutions have performed poor results, many cases are presented in front of European Court of Human Rights due to the lack of efficiency in executing judicial decisions. Obtaining a favorable judicial decision does not imply necessarily the fulfillment of the general purpose, and ECHR through it’s judgements has argued that the right to proper administration of justice implies that the enforcement of court decisions should itself be effective and efficient. Being considered as a compulsory provision for the successful conclusion of a legal process, the enforcment of courts’ final decisions within a reasonable time is an essential element of a fair trial. Also, this paper analyses the circumstances when excuses such as case complexity or lack of funds are considered objective and what is the responsibility of the states toward organizing their judicial system so that the justice is awarded