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Women’s Political Citizenship in Post State-socialist Countries
Get PDFThe state controlled society in the Eastern Europe had little space for citizenship initiatives for decades. Repeated cases of ‘forced volunteerism’ by youth and women were mainly initiated and closely supervised by state officials. After the political changes in the early 90’s in Central and Eastern Europe, many scholars predicted that the end of communism would lead to a greater degree of citizen-led initiatives, including women’s higher rate of engagement in political and civil society activities. Indeed, such citizenship actions and initiatives quickly emerged, but women’s participation in different areas was not as high as expected. Civil society offered women more space to apply their political agency regarding several issues, whether directly or non-directly related to women’s issues. If women were not equally represented in the civil society domain, their contributions were still missing, so they could bring about no change to the lives of their own or those of other citizens. As a matter of fact civil society offered women in Eastern Europe a space to exert their political agency: a domain where they could act between the state and individuals. However, women’s exertion of political rights in this domain of citizenship is still controversial as long as there are presented some problematic implications related to men and their involvement in civil society as compared to women’s agency and their political citizenship. First, even though civil society was initially considered by men as worthwhile and promising, they later became more interested in parliamentary politics where there was more decision-making power. As a result, this implied that women were replacing men after they left for something more influential than civil society. Second, if civil society activities are viewed as less important than parliamentary political involvement, women’s agency within civil society is devalued, thus perpetuating women’s role as being more humanitarian than political. Third, civil society through non-governmental organizations is mainly influenced by donors and their agenda, which may lessen women’s agency and influence as political acto
The Comparison of Psychological Counselling Students who had Social Skill Education Course and the Students Who did not
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to examine whether social skill education course had positive effects on social skills of psychological counselling students. Research group were subjected to social skill education course but control group did not. Study participants were 134 university students attending to Psychological Counselling Department. Research group included 78 of the participants who had social skill education course. Control group consisted of 56 participants who were not subjected to social skill education course. All of the participants were the third grade students studying at Karadeniz Technical University, Fatih Educational Faculty, and Psychological Counselling Department. The major instrument in the study was Social Skills Scale, which was adapted for the university students by Galip Yüksel (2004). Also, a personal information form prepared by the researcher was utilized. Social Skills Scale included six sub-scales. T-test was used in the process of data analysis. The indings revealed that there was a correlation between the social control sub-scale and social skill education course. The study also revealed that the male participants in experiment group had signiicantly higher scores than the female students when emotional expressionism was regarded
Aspects of government policies in the fields of economy and entrepreneurship from the gender viewpoint
Get PDFThe equal access of women and men to goods and economic services plays an important role in achieving gender equality and empowerment of women. Gender equality, in the distribution of economic and financial resources, encompasses a multiple positive effect on the fulfillment of the key priorities to increase welfare and the living standard in the society. It contributes to the consolidation of the women’s rights by enabling them to initially manage and control their own life and consequently influence on the society. Removing gender bias in the economic level affects not only the improvement of the women’s own situation, but also the growth of the children’ s welfare and that of the other family members, considering that women spend a part of their time and costs for the later
Review of Administrative Justice in the Republic of Kosovo
Get PDFThe present paper aims to provide a real view of adjudication of administrative cases in Kosovo. The issue of adjudication of administrative cases in the Republic of Kosovo remains a challenge following justice reforms which began in 2013 and are still on-going. Kosovo as a new country faces difficulties in professionalization of public administration and this is closely related to large number of case that are subject of judicial review which is not a case with other countries which have longer experience in public administration. In this context, more attention has been paid to review of administrative acts and issues with special focus on judicial review, following with legal remedies, administration silence as cause of judicial review. The paper also contains information about administrative justice in Kosovo before and 2013, and its current state. New court structure brought with New Law on Courts which entered into force in 2013 affected administrative justice substantially. In the previous system, Kosovo Supreme Court was the only instance handling administrative disputes. In this regard, the issue of effective legal remedies was not in place as required by international standards. However, new court structure brought significant changes regarding legal remedies in administrative justice by setting up three court instances; Administrative departments within Prishtina Basic Court and Appellate Court as well as Supreme Court extraordinary legal remedies review
Dictionary Use as Word Solving Strategy (WSS)
Get PDFL2 learners may try to pick up the unknown word’s meaning from a dictionary. Many different factors, such as how important the meaning of the word is in the passage, the number of unknown words, and the reason the students are working on it, etc., affect the frequency of the student’s use of the dictionary for help. However, trying to guess the meaning of the unknown word from the context before consulting a dictionary is more beneficial since this may help the learners to pick the correct meaning relevant to the text. Using a dictionary should be limited to those unguessable words whose meanings can hinder the learner’s understanding
Waste Identification Lean Approach in effective education system - Case of Albania
Get PDFThe continuing growth and expansions incorporated with technology, has generated variations in tastes, behavior and demand. Thus the changes need management restructures to reduce the costs of adaptation. Lean principles as cost reduction orientated possess the sufficient elements to fix problems in order to reduce wastes and increase the values. The theory application can be used also in education sector in order to increase the quality and reduce the costs. Thus, the aim is to identify the improvidences (waste) and propose several applicable solutions. It is based on interviews and researches to the teachers working in private schools for at least 5 years. This study is being conducted in Private high school in Albania
Related Discussions about the Source and Universality of Moral Case
Get PDFThe relevant meaning of moral has been constantly discussed topic in terms its sources and its universality. We have seen as the source of morality the Metaphysics in ancient times, Theology in the Middle Ages, and the information theory in new era. In modern times, we have different perspectives for the source of the formation of morality determined by good or bad reasons as a result depending on the individuals. Statements related to the source of moral and what forms the moral can be said in two words: one of them is human itself, and the other is the thought of existing love. On the other hand, it has been a subject for discussion if the moral is always valid, over the ages, objective and universal or something subjective that changes depending on individuals and also because of different societies. Therefore, who accepts moral as objective and universal, it is a propensity that comes from birth, but who thinks that moral is a subjective definition that changes lives depending on the society and during the period of time particular people live. In this study, we referred to the related debates about the issues and serious changes often technology and science which have brought to our lives but along with misuse of these facilities, such as the reality of violence against women, terrorism, human rights violations, But how about the meaning of moral, and its possible sources. If there is still a universal meaning of moral in this world that looks like now like a small village
Albania: the Path to Nominal (Economic) Convergence
Get PDFThe European integration process has, for more than two decades, represented an important issue for Albania. This process has been evolving gradually and Albania received the “candidate country” status in June 2014. The next step involves the EU membership, subject to the Copenhagen criteria fulfillment: economic, political and acquis communautaire. Upon fulfillment and granting the “member state” status, the following step would encompass the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and introduction of the euro. The latter is related to the Maastricht criteria fulfillment or nominal convergence criteria. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to assess the nominal (economic) convergence of Albania in terms of price stability, exchange rate stability, fiscal criteria and long term interest rate criteria. We will assess how
macroeconomic indicators comply with Maastricht criteria requirements as by the end of 2014. Simultaneously, we explore the methodological harmonization degree of the macroeconomic indicators and thus their effective comparability to those of EU. Although Albania is not required to make nominal convergence assessments, this analysis turns to be useful in order to understand the starting position of the Albanian economy, identify areas where progress is still needed and the pursuit of necessary macroeconomic policies aiming to attain a favorable starting position for EMU and ERM II participation. Our main finding is that despite not meeting the Maastricht criteria for 2014, Albania is following the right path toward full effective European integration
Central and Local Government Relations in Albania: Toward Decentralization
Get PDFLocal governance and decentralization is an ever growing topic in politics and public administration studies. This is better achieved by a good relationship between the local and central governments. A coordinated relation between these two important institutions provides prosperity and stability for a country.
This paper aims two describe the notion of central-local governments relations, based on decentralization. It will begin by briefly presenting the theoretical aspects of the abovementioned concepts of central-local relations and decentralization.
The paper first gives an overview of these concepts in the Republic of Albania, by describing the situation in different periods and different regimes. The aim of this study is to show how the central-local relations have evolved during the years in Albania and how much this relation has been concerned with decentralization and local self-governance.
This study provides different competencies and budget capacity of both levels of government and gives examples from different developed countries in order to show how the system works in reality in Albania and how they should function in order to be more effective and efficient.
Finally this study presents some of the problems that the local government institutions are facing in Albania, with the main issue being corruption in all levels of public administration and possible solutions for these problems will be suggested
The European Conditionality and the Legislation on Lobbying, Conflicts of Interest and the Fight against Corruption in the Balkans
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to outline the general characteristics of the legislation on lobbying and the fight against corruption in the decision-making process. This analysis – applied to the candidate countries of the Balkans – will be carried out based on two main reference points; first, the requirements of the European conditionality (which take into account international best practices) and secondly, the experience of the ‘new’ member States of the European Union. In particular, we intend to determine how the pressures of democratic conditionality have encouraged the adoption of a legal framework in line with European standards, even if the gap between the rules and their practical enforcement is quite significant. Also, we will reveal critical aspects of democratic conditionality, while at the same time emphasizing the cultural features of the Republics of the former Yugoslavia. These include not only their negative aspects and traits but also some powerful positive ones such as some interesting measures for ensuring civic participation in the decision-making process that were in place during the socialist era