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Legal Provisions, Discrimination and Uncertainty on LGBT community in Albania. Laws on human rights vs exerted rights of LGBT persons
Get PDFDuring the communist regime and until 1995 homosexual relations were senteced by law in Albania as a criminal offense. Membership in the Council of Europe and the ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights brought as a result the improvement of the legal framework and the abolition of the condemnation of homosexual relations. The first attempts of activism were shown in the form of meetings on joint activities organized by the Gay community in public spaces or cruising areas. In 1994, an Albanian newspaper published the first interview of a gay community member. In the early 2000s,”Gish Albania” and “Alga” were the first organizations, which provided specifically in their statute the protection of LGBT rights and made serious efforts to the promote of their rights and the establishment of a small nucleus of people that would encourage the formation of a LGBT community. On March 13, 2010, the Anti-Discrimination Law, one of the essential legal instruments that protects human rights in Albania, and also includes the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, came into force. Albania has already the Commissioner for Protection from Discrimination. Two LGBT organizations have already been established in Albania: the Alliance against Discrimination LGBT and LGBT Pro Albania. They aim to protect the rights of sexual minorities in Albania and promote a national movement of social mobilization to protect and promote the rights of this community in Albani
Dynamic Interactions Between Health, Human Capital and Wealth
Get PDFThis paper proposes a dynamic economic model with health, human capital and wealth accumulation with elastic labor supply. The economic system consists of one industrial, one health, and one education sector. Our model is a synthesis of four main models in economic theory: Solow’s one-sector neoclassical growth mode, the Uzawa-Lucas two sector model, Arrow’s learning by doing model, and Grossman’s growth model with health. The model also includes Zhang’s idea about creative leisure or learning by consuming. Demand and supply of health service and education are determined by market mechanism. The model describes dynamic interdependence among wealth, health, human capital, economic structure, and time distribution among work, health caring, and education under perfect competition. We simulate the model and examine effects of changes in the propensity to consume health caring, the efficiency of producing health caring, the propensity to receive education, and the propensity to save
The Registration of the Ownership of the Illegal Objects in Albania
Get PDFThe right of ownership in Albania is one of the fundamental human rights sanctioned on the Constitution. The right of ownership changes with the changes of economic social relations. Together with the tremendous political and economical changes in Albania, there was a great development in illegally obtaining the state property and private property also. After the year 1990, a considerable number of people used the force to keep and protect the property acquired illegally. In these conditions, the legalization was a pragmatic answer against the difficult consequences that came from the occupation of the land and massive population movement onto these lands. The legalization aimed to give ownership of state and private land to people who had illegally constructed buildings and to make them part of the process of urbanization. Legislative initiatives were undertaken and institutions were created in relation to this process. This study aims to present the legal steps and the documentation needed to obtain the title of ownership of the illegal objects and the closure of the procedures of its registration up to the final step of acquiring the certificate of property. This study presents a series of legal and judicial norms and their analysis in the view of respecting the right of ownership, and by giving suggestions that help the finalization of the process, in order to harmonize it with guaranteeing of the property right to the legitimate owners
Inflation uncertainty and economic growth in Euro zone and Non Euro zone countries
Get PDFFriedman’s hypothesis about the relationship of inflation uncertainty and economic growth states that full employment increases the inflation. This increase in the rate of inflation causes an increase in the future inflation uncertainty which decreases the economic growth. This paper examines the impact of inflation and its uncertainty on economic growth and makes the comparison between Eurozone and Non Eurozone countries. There are 38 countries which include eurozone and non eurozone countries during the period 1980 to 2017. Panel regression model is used to explore the causal relationship among these three variables. This study confirms that the uncertainty in inflation has a significant and positive impact on economic development. Inflation is an important variable and it is harmful to economic prospects in the Eurozone and non eurozone countries. It has a significant negative influence on economic efficiency
The impact of macroeconomic factors and corruption on the Italian economic growth
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to perform an econometric analysis on the Italian economic growth from 1983 until 2017 using quarterly data. This analysis consists eight macroeconomic factors. Our dependent variable is GDP growth rate while the independent variables are: unemployment rate, inflation rate, short term interest rate, productivity index, exports growth rate, imports growth rate and hourly wage industry. In this study we will be using the, Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root test, ARDL model, Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM and Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Heteroskedasticity Test. Based on our results from the ARDL model we find unemployment and productivity to be the macroeconomic factors which effect the GDP growth the most. We find no proof of heteroskedasicity or serial correlation in our model
The Impact of Public Investments on Macroeconomic Indicators
Get PDFPublic services and investments have been dealt with and addressed in many political and economic debates lately. In doing so, making this indicator a part and cause of many analyzes, whether for developed or developing countries. Different types of methodologies have been used for this purpose, but the real impact of road infrastructure on economic growth remains uncertain. The assumptions cast on this fact are divided in two directions. One is that road infrastructure affects directly, while the other is that it follows a backward path and the impact is small. Literature is what argues the theses outlined above. The selection of literature is based on neoclassical school considering the investment in road infrastructure as a production factor. The empirical results show that the impact on revenue growth was minimal. This may be due to factors such as inefficiency, low productivity of infrastructure investments, and low growth capacity of Albania or developing countries to support high-end investments. Another obstacle for Albania and developing countries is the limited fiscal space and lack of capacity to cover the debts used for road investments
Active position of the country in the world market of agrarian products as an indicator of the underdevelopment level of its economy
Get PDFThe article examines the role of countries in the development of the world market of agrarian products. At the same time, the world production and exports of agrarian products are considered not only in terms of countries, but also in terms of the most consumed species. The main tendencies of international trade of agrarian products are described. At the same time, we discuss only those agrarian products which are raw materials or have undergone the primary processing. The author of the research wants to confirm or refute the existing opinion that the active position of the country in the world agrarian market is a kind of evidence of the underdevelopment level of its economy
Asian-style export-led growth and the role of law
Get PDFThis paper analyses the growth of Asian economies through its export-led industrialisation policies. Such growth has been uniquely achieved without greater reliance to law, which the neoliberal approach considers integral to development. Among others, this approach relies on private laws for the protection of property and contractual rights for the efficient and smooth functioning of the market where the state has little or no intervention. In this regard, the paper discusses the role of law in development and economic growth. It is submitted that the instrumental use of law and active state intervention in the Asian examples considered in this paper raises significant doubts on the necessity of law for economic growth
Taking a Stand through Digital Games - An empirical procedure among consciousness, learning and participation
Get PDFThe article focuses on an empirical procedure aimed to harness digital games in exploring sensible issues in social research. By merging qualitative and creative methods and taking into account suggestions from Sociology, Media Studies, and Game Studies, the suggested approach combines single interviews, focus groups and participative design exercises according to a creative learning path. In order to put its effectiveness to the test, four groups of players (N: 20) with different attitudes toward play were recruited for addressing the theme of sustainability. The digital games Crusader Kings 2 and Sid Meier’s Alpha Centauri were selected as facilitating tools due to the related pertinence. Results show an increment of consciousness and awareness about the topic and a noteworthy potential in engaging subjects and stimulating their feedback in empirical investigations. In turn, some limits emerged to the extent that further interventions are required to stress and relativize the proposal
An Empirical Research Applying Hedonic Pricing Model: Albanian Case
Get PDFBased on the fact that that global literature accepts that still does not exist one best method of property evaluation, and on the lack of previous research paper on property evaluation in Albania, this research addresses several main questions. It is concerned with theoretical dimension of property evaluation in both theoretical and practical dimension. More importantly the paper assesses the most important factors to consider when doing property valuation in Albania. Methodologically this thesis conducts an extensive literature and an empirical research in Albanian context. For conducting the empirical research a hedonic pricing model is used, integrated in a multiple linear regression statistical approach. Data for selected variables, as predictor of property price level have been gathered from two real estate agencies located in Tirana. Based on the results the paper develops two models of property evaluation, where one of them has improved statistical indicators. The paper concludes that theory and practice of property evaluation have evaluated and have been improved during years, by concluding in the most used methods: Hedonist Models. Finally the paper concludes that Floors, Parking facilities, and Number of rooms, are the statistically significant variables in predicting price level of property in Albania