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Civil rights between legal provisions and political reality in Albania
Get PDFOne of the basic principles of civil rights is that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. The life protection, liberty and property should be equally guaranteed to citizens to exclude discrimination of minorities or other parts of the population. These rights are an important part of civil liberties and are considered as an essential element for effective citizenship. Arbitrary arrest, terror, torture or other serious and unlawful interference, both by state and private actors, significantly affect the well-being of democracy as it affects the very essence of it. In liberal democracies, leaders legitimized by the people must be involved within the norms and principles of the rule of law in order to establish a healthy relationship between the state and the citizen. This relationship is considered to be damaged in non-liberal democracies as it is affected by the suspension of individual freedoms and rights. This paper aims to analyze whether these individual rights are guaranteed and protected in Albania, considering from the perspective of the legal framework as well as in the political reality. This study aims to analyze the development of human rights, judicial rights and their implementation in our country to come to the conclusion, whether our system is that of a liberal democracy or not
Debt collection companies in Albania (Iute Credit)
No full textRecently may have been contacted by a debt collection agency for the first time, or you are worried that a debt collection agency will contact you immediately after you are late to pay your bills unclear and you will understand that you are concerned about how the agency will act to collect your debt.
This research will provide valuable information on the Albanian debts business in order to understand the debt collection agency's prospects for action. This information provides a better insight into what motivates debt collection agencies and what are the incentives that can help relieve your interactions with debt collection agencies and make the process more acceptable.
The study focuses on the development of the debt collection activity that this company operates and how people find themselves in this company because this work is very stressful and there is constant pressure every day as many clients refuse to pay their debt
The study development tool is a questionnaire that contains 22 questions and was used to interview Iute Credit's employees. The data analysis method is consistent with collecting data from the questionnaire and collecting them by means of a questionnaire and analyzing them for each question in the graph and in the table showing the percentages of the results for each of the questions.
Study conclusions are impressive because it seems that how these companies operate in the Albanian market and how these companies treat their employees as these are the two most important aspects of a business organization
Unemployment and the impact of Government Policies in reducing unemployment in Albania
Get PDFUnemployment is the phenomenon that has been reported everywhere recently and has affected the various layers of population around the world. The focus of this study is to treat one of the problems facing the economy of a country and human society, unemployment. The subject of the thesis is: "Unemployment and Government Policies in Albania." The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of unemployment or financial stability in Albania based on factual reasons taken from studies accompanied for this period and analysis of employment policies over the years that have accompanied by unemployment in our country. Over the last decade, Albania has had a steady increase in unemployment, in this context what will be considered during the thesis work is what has happened over the years, taking into consideration the period after the 90s to nowadays. Our study is an analysis, descriptive and comparative one that will follow an analytical approach to the level of unemployment in the post-90s’ period until nowadays, what is the ground of it, in what level was the unemployment and what were the initiatives taken to reduce it and bring it closer to the natural unemployment rate. At the end of this study will be highlighted some points including the importance of studying and trainings to increase the level of education, the gap of salaries and efficiency between male and female gender distribution and the impacts of increasing the flexibility of the policy for jobseekers
Post-Empiricism and Philosophy of Science
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to provide some sketchy remarks on the post-empiricist phenomenon in philosophy of science, taking into account the themes of the relationships between language on the one side and reality on the other, and the parallel problem of the alleged elimination of metaphysics. Unlike the logical empiricists, Popper believes that a clear separation between (i) analytic and synthetic sentences, and (ii) between theory and observation, is an impossible task. According to his view, theory and observation are intimately linked to each other, and no pure observation is ever possible. A position very similar to Popper’s was endorsed by the American pragmatists in the last two centuries with Charles S. Peirce, William James and John Dewey. There also are important similarities between what Popper says and William James’ theses. It is clear that if we recognize that the theoretical dimension precedes observation, and if we claim furthermore that scientific theories have a creative character, then we may explain the “jumps” that often take place in the history of science. Later on Feyerabend and his followers have turned philosophy of science into something mysterious and not easily classifiable in philosophical or scientific terms. The anything goes undermines the meaning itself of the discipline. If science is equated to any other dimension of spirit - art, religion, or even witchcraft - the specific and cognitive character of scientific rationality is eliminated. It follows that philosophy of science loses any meaningful role within the field of human knowledge, while even philosophy as such becomes more similar to a joke than to a serious endeavor
A Comparative Study of Progressive Tax and Flat Tax: Case of Albania
Get PDFFlat taxation or progressive taxation, is an ongoing debate in society of Albania. In Albania, over a decade, there have been imposed 2 types of taxation: Flat tax (2008-2013) and progressive tax (2014-ongoing). Each tax has its own advantages and disadvantages. The main objective of this paper is to show which tax has had the best performance in economic growth. To make this paper are collected data from INSTAT, Eurostat, Ministry of Finance of Albania, Bank of Albania, World Banka and other resources and then are created tables. Based on those tables it had been performed a comparative analysis of two fiscal systems, focused on a period of eleven years. Besides the comparative analysis another analysis is made and this is ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Independent Sample t-test. The study results show that the best fiscal system for Albanian economy is Progressive tax system. The Real GDP of the country was increased with 2.6%. The growth of the GDP has been affected form the increase of other indicators like tax budget revenues that had 3% increase and other indicators. The implication of the new tax increased the income of the revenues and reduced the public debt that Albania has had over the years. This implementation of the new tax had also negative side. Albania companies still till now make fraud and tax evasion by because they still use double accountings in their business. Further research is recommended to decide because 10 years doesn’t define the best fiscal tax when the new fiscal system continues. To conclude a complete research, need more time, information and indicators, because the results change continuously
Logic and its Pragmatic Aspects
Get PDFA pragmatist conception of logic rejects any kind of logical constructionism, based on the appeal to privileged ontological and epistemological items and to a perfect language supposedly provided by mathematical logic. Even in logic, “pluralism” must be the key-word if one does not want to be locked in the cage of conceptions that become rapidly outdated. Dealing with the dichotomy Absolutism/Relativism in logic, it may be observed that the enterprise of logic can be considered in several - and substantially different - perspectives, among which we find (1) the psychologistic, (2) the Platonistic, and (3) the instrumentalistic viewpoints. According to (1) logic is viewed as fundamentally descriptive, and its task is taken to be that of outlining a “theory of reasoning,” i.e. a systematic account of how we humans proceed when reasoning successufully. According to (3), instead, logic’s task is that of constructing rigorous systems codifying not only actual, but also possible instrumentalities for conducting valid inferences, and these would be available (should someone want to avail himself to them) for adoption as an organon of reasoning, but no empirical claims are made that anyone has (or will) avail himself of this opportunity. The logician devises a tool or instrument for correct reasoning, but does not concern himself about the uses of this instrument. Philosophy and logic cannot be linked so closely, and today the idea that the analytic style of philosophizing is just one style among many others, and not the only possible one, is gaining increasing acceptance
The Growing Problem of Obesity in the UAE
Get PDFObesity is an epidemic in the UAE. The obesity level in the UAE is one among the highest in the world. It is one of the leading health concerns in the country affecting people of all ages. The fat-rich fast-food, sedentary lifestyles, and harsh climatic conditions are the important causes of obesity that creates severe negative impacts on health and wellbeing of people. However, it is a controllable problem. If people cultivate healthy lifestyles and say no to fat-rich fast-stood and calorie-rich soft drinks, they can prevent becoming obese to a great extent. Collective efforts by governmental organizations, voluntary organizations, service agencies, media and educational institutions appear to be imperative to offset the growing problem of obesity in country and cultivating healthy lifestyles among people
The impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Crime Index
Get PDFThe main purpose of this study is to examine the economic determinants of the rise in the crime index in the United States. To observe this study, the variables selected are population density, education level, unemployment rate and gross domestic product for residents. Since crime is one of the most problematic societal concerns nowadays, we can say that the economic factors are the ones that have an impact on increasing this variable? To do this study, the ARDL regression and cointegration model were chosen. The reason for choosing this model is to see the correlation between the variables. Data in this model have been collected from 1964 to 2017. The results show that the variables have a longlasting tire connection. Education has a positive impact on the crime index, while population and GDP densities have a negative impact on the crime index in America. We can say that the state of America should strengthen the laws and undertake new reforms in the fight against crime
Tax policies on behavior of taxpayers
Get PDFThe tax base is one of the most important systems in the economy, at the same time it is one of the main sources of the government’s income. The Albanian state has experienced many changes of this system over the years due to the policies and different regimes that have followed but there has always been a tendency for improvement. The tax system and the informality are the mirror of the economy of the country, especially the favorable tax/fiscal policies that have been adapted to the economy, which bring economical development and integration of all the gaps to a proper economic environment. The study’s research question is: how have all the raid changes in the tax system has affected the taxpayers? Do they feel threat from all this tax control? Furthermore the study focuses on how the business performance has been indicated from the tax control. The data was collected from a survey which was focused in small and big businesses that operates in Tirana. The questionnaire was realized in unities which mainly operates in Tirana. The period in which this data where taken was April 2018. The main finds of the study are the different perception of businesses for the tax control and the impact of the fiscal changes on these businesses. All this fiscal changes that the businesses faced were more in disfavor of the small businesses
Liquidity in the Albanian Banking System
Get PDFLiquidity is a factor key and decisive in the performance of banks and the success of the economy in general. Along the recent recent financial crisis, the contraction in lending due to banks' failure to effectively manage liquidity risk has increased the importance of monitoring and regulating Bank of Albania's bank's liquidity through the implementation of the Basel rules. Proper understanding of macroeconomic factors is essential in achieving the right balance to absorb the chances and threats that come from a complex economic environment. The study studies the effects of macroeconomic conditions on the Albanian liquidity bank's liquidity level for six second level banks for a period of ten years from 2006 to 2015. Studies show that macroeconomic factors such as GDP growth, inflation, unemployment rate, government budget deficit, tax rates, and problem loans have a direct impact on bank liquidity. The factors affecting liquidity are related to external macroeconomic factors and internal factors related to banks specifically including an analysis of their direct impact on banks liquidity ratios. The methodology used in the study is quantitative by analyzing the factors, it is intended to detect and measure their impact on the liquidity of the banking system. The study expands existing liquidity literature by determining the role of macroeconomic variables, besides the traditional specific firm variables, as important determinants of bank liquidity