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The Knife's Edge of the Present: Archaeology in Turkey from the Nineteenth Century to the 1940s
No full textThis paper investigates how archaeology functioned in Turkey from the nineteenth century until the end of the 1940s. In the nineteenth-century Ottoman world, an awareness was raised to acknowledge the power of patrimony. Amidst intense reforms to Westernize the empire, archaeological artifacts were used as a means of Europeanness. The Greek, Roman, and Byzantine pasts of the Ottoman lands were the focus of this era. The foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923 marked the start of a new project to create a modern nation-state out of a centuries' old Islamic dynasty. This project rewrote the history of Turkish nation in relation to prehistoric civilizations such as the Hittites and the Sumerians. Archaeology became the primary tool of the Republic to validate the renewed history
A Multilayer Taxonomy of Cost Estimation Techniques, Looking at the Whole Product Lifecycle
No full textProduct cost estimation (PCE) still draws the attention of researchers and practitioners, even though it has been extensively discussed in the literature for more than 20 years. This is due to its central impact on the company's performance. Nowadays, the adoption of cost estimation methods seems to be limited, despite the multitude of examples and applications available. A possible reason is the multitude of approaches and techniques proposed in the literature, which, instead of representing a guide for enabling possible implementations, actually create confusion and ambiguity on their appropriateness for a particular application. Hence, this paper aims to provide a systematic review of the recent literature in the field of PCE, and intensively investigates the aspects that can enable a more conscious decision on the type of technique to be adopted. This results in the identification of five different perspectives, which can be taken simultaneously into account. By combining the different viewpoints, a new multilayer framework is derived, with a specific focus on the whole product life cycle. The proposed framework can be used as a decision-making tool by both researchers and practitioners. In fact, the former group can benefit from the new structure, as a way to identify new areas of possible research opportunities. The latter group is provided an operative guide for the application in industrial contexts
Application of vector immune system to distribution network reconfiguration
No full textDistributed energy generation facilities, often based on renewable energy sources, have changed the classical management of Distribution Networks. Optimisation tools are useful to change the grid configuration improving its capability and exploiting an optimal flow of power within the network. There are different criteria for the evaluation of the network performance like losses, voltage profile, and reliability indicators that are often in contrast, requiring thus a multiobjective optimisation. Network reconfiguration by changing its topology is a technique that leads to a combinatorial formulation. The Vector Immune System algorithm can be adapted to deal with this issue and has been applied to the definition of the network reconfiguration with original implementations for the generation of the first population and for the mutation operator. Results on an industrial example are presented
Determining the quantum expectation value by measuring a single photon
No full textOne description provides only probabilities for obtaining various eigenvalues of a quantum variable. The eigenvalues and the corresponding probabilities specify the expectation value of a physical observable, which is known to be a statistical property of an ensemble of quantum systems. In contrast to this paradigm, here we demonstrate a method for measuring the expectation value of a physical variable on a single particle, namely, the polarization of a single protected photon. This realization of quantum protective measurements could find applications in the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum-enhanced measurements
Analysis of Exoskeleton Introduction in Industrial Reality: Main Issues and EAWS Risk Assessment
No full textExoskeletons are part of the technological and organizational innovation sought by the fourth industrial revolution to support and re-launch the manufacturing area. In the present study, we described the experimental protocol designed to test the usability and acceptance of an upper limbs passive exoskeleton. In total, 42 workers from FCA plants volunteered to participate in the research study. The testing campaign included static and dynamic tests aimed at evaluating the potential benefit of the exoskeleton (lessen muscle strain, higher comfort rating and dexterity) vs. possible restrictions to movements and workdevice interactions in tasks resembling work activities. Open questions remain on how to assess the biomechanical workload risk, especially in the design phase, for which holistic methods like EAWS are needed
Study and simulation of a hydropneumatic suspension for telescopic handler vehicles
No full textThe paper shows the study and simulation of a hydropneumatic suspension to be adopted for a telescopic handler vehicle. The hydropneumatic suspension system with independent wheels and with quadrilateral architecture has been studied to improve the comfort and the productivity of the existing vehicle, which has a suspended rigid axle on the front and a rigid axle on the rear, which limits the comfort and the grip. After the choice of the architecture and the kind of suspension, the paper shows the design of the suspension kinematics. The optimization of the characteristic angle of the suspension has been performed by means of Adams/Car and Adams/Insight. The kinematic model optimized is subsequently reproduced in Adams/View to simulate the dynamics of the complete vehicle. The simulation results are used to evaluate the vehicle performances in terms of comfort and stability according to the methods proposed by the standard
Patterning dye-sensitized solar cell photoanodes through a polymeric approach: A perspective
No full textPerformances in terms of efficiency and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) depend on several factors related to the preparation of the device components (electrodes and electrolyte). In particular, patterning techniques recently intruded in the third generation photovoltaic scenario with promising results. In this perspective, we introduce the most interesting strategies proposed for the patterning of photoanodes and cathodes. Afterwards, we propose a novel approach exclusively based on the use of polymeric materials. The resulting DSSC shows a power conversion efficiency equal to 5.33% measured under 1 sun irradiation, and retains the 96% of this value in a prolonged aging test (2000 h at 50 °C)
The role of planning in shaping better urban-rural relationships in Bristol City Region
No full textLocalism Agenda adopted by Coalition Government in 2010 reflected the rejection of the regional level and the ambition to rebalance national economy, by devolving economic and social responsibilities down to cities and local communities. The introduction of the Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) as joint local authority-business bodies in charge of better coordinating public and private investments in several areas of economic develop- ment, has remodelled the governance of British city regions towards their increased autonomy from central government. Among the most relevant spatial impacts of the new institutional arrangement the reshaping of a new relationship between cities and their rural hinterlands emerges. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the planning policies at local and city-regional level dealing with and affecting rural areas in the context of Bristol City Region. It demonstrates that most of the failings of planning in supporting the development of rural areas relate to the rigidity of its policies and to the poor attitude towards the innovation of its tools. The paper argues that a more proactive and integrated approach for planning is needed to re-build stronger agri-food relations and to achieve a more sustainable land use management at city regional level
Single scan track analyses on aluminium based powders
No full textPowder bed additive manufacturing technologies gained much attention in past years not only thanks to design freedom but also because of the peculiar microstructures and mechanical properties that can be obtained thanks to the extremely high cooling rate. However the phenomena that arise during the laser scanning are not yet deeply understood. In this work the effect of the main building parameters and of powder properties on the shape, the microstructure and the properties of Al-based LPBF single scan tracks was evaluated. The experiments were carried out with three different powders in order to understand of the effect of the material thermo-physical properties on the consolidation phenomena
Appearance of the universal value e2/h of the zero-bias conductance in a Weyl semimetal-superconductor junction
No full textWe study the differential conductance of a time-reversal symmetric Weyl semimetal-superconductor junction with an s-wave superconducting state. We find that there exists an extended regime where the zero-bias differential conductance acquires the universal value of e2/h per channel, independent of the pairing and chemical potentials on each side of the junction, due to a perfect cancellation of Andreev and normal reflection contributions. This universal conductance can be attributed to the interplay of the unique spin/orbital-momentum locking and s-wave pairing that couples Weyl nodes of the same chirality. We expect that the universal conductance can serve as a robust and distinct signature for time-reversal symmetric Weyl fermions and be observed in the recently discovered time-reversal symmetric Weyl semimetals