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La ferrovia delle Dolomiti: breve vita di una strada ferrata
No full textL'accordo sullo studio di fattibilità per una nuova linea ferroviaria tra Calalzo e Dobbiaco, approvato nel febbraio 2016, rende necessaria una ricerca storica sul primo tentativo di collegamento ferrato della valle del Cadore: figlia minore delle grandi opere ferroviarie alpine a cavallo tra l'Ottocento e il Novecento, la ferrovia delle Dolomiti - che collegava Calalzo di Cadore con Dobbiaco - ha attraversato nella sua breve vita una lunga serie di eventi importanti, dai primi tentativi di costruzione durante la Grande Guerra all'affollamento insuperato delle Olimpiadi invernali di Cortina del 1956. Attivati ufficialmente nel 1921, dopo decenni di proposte e progetti, i binari - a scartamento ridotto di 950mm - si estendevano per una lunghezza di 65km, superando circa 800 metri di dislivello, per connettere la Val Pusteria con il Cadore. Non rimane quasi traccia, oggi, del percorso ferrato: l'uso sempre più intensivo dell'automobile ridusse in pochi anni il numero di passeggeri e la mancanza di fondi incrementò la probabilità di incidenti e deragliamenti causati dalla neve nei mesi più freddi. Così, dopo poco più di quattro decenni che hanno cambiato il volto dell'Italia, nel 1964 la linea fu chiusa e meticolosamente smantellata, al punto da lasciare come unica traccia le sole stazioni ferroviarie. Nonostante la sua breve storia, la ferrovia delle Dolomiti ancora segna in modo forte le valli che attraversa, grazie alla pista ciclabile che dal 2003 riproduce fedelmente il tracciato dei binari, attraversando gli stessi ponti e gallerie, e che rappresenta oggi uno dei maggiori attrattori turistici della zona
A Critical Discussion and Practical Recommendations on Some Issues Relevant to the Nonprobabilistic Treatment of Uncertainty in Engineering Risk Assessment
No full textModels for the assessment of the risk of complex engineering systems are affected by uncertainties due to the randomness of several phenomena involved and the incomplete knowledge about some of the characteristics of the system. The objective of this article is to provide operative guidelines to handle some conceptual and technical issues related to the treatment of uncertainty in risk assessment for engineering practice. In particular, the following issues are addressed: (1) quantitative modeling and representation of uncertainty coherently with the information available on the system of interest; (2) propagation of the uncertainty from the input(s) to the output(s) of the system model; (3) (Bayesian) updating as new information on the system becomes available; and (4) modeling and representation of dependences among the input variables and parameters of the system model. Different approaches and methods are recommended for efficiently tackling each of issues (1)-(4) above; the tools considered are derived from both classical probability theory as well as alternative, nonfully probabilistic uncertainty representation frameworks (e.g., possibility theory). The recommendations drawn are supported by the results obtained in illustrative applications of literature
LA RAPPRESENTAZIONE PER IL MONDO DELLA PRODUZIONE. SCENARI DIGITALI NELLA FORMAZIONE DEGLI ATTORI DEL PROCESSO EDILIZIO/ REPRESENTATION FOR PROFESSIONALS. DIGITAL SCENARIOS FOR TRAINING OF BUILDING PROCESS ACTORS
No full textAbstract L'industria delle costruzioni sta attraversando un periodo di rinnovamento, guidato dalle Innovation and Communication Technologies (ICTs). I Corsi di Studio universitari devono formare e tenere aggiornate figure professionali per applicare metodologie e strumenti di modellazione digitale e in particolare BIM e GIS. Ad esempio, al Politecnico di Torino Ingegneria Edile ha insegnamenti che prevedono strumenti didattici basati sul learning by doing, in cui interagiscono metodologie legate alla tradizione e all'innovazione, valorizzando l'interdisciplinarietà delle competenze da fornire./ The building industry is going through a renovation period, led by the Innovation and Communication Technologies (ICTs). University programs have to generate and maintain professionals figures to apply methodologies and digital modeling tools, in particular BIM and GIS. As an example, in Politecnico di Torino the Building Engineering Courses Programs is composed by courses characterized by the "learning by doing" strategy where traditional and innovative methodologies are involved, taking into account interdisciplinarity competences
Qualità architettonica/qualità della vita. I luoghi dell'istruzione come nodi nevralgici della socialità e dello sviluppo urbano
No full textIl contributo illustra un'esperienza di sensibilizzazione, ricerca, progettazione, partecipazione e comunicazione, portata avanti dalla Sezione Piemontese di AIDIA (1) sul tema dell'edilizia scolastica. Oggetto dell'indagine sono stati gli spazi per l'istruzione intesi come nodi nevralgici della socialità e dello sviluppo a partire dalla convinzione che la qualità dello spazio architettonico possa efficacemente influenzare la qualità della vita. I luoghi dell'istruzione sono infatti luoghi di formazione(non solamente culturale ma anche politica e sociale) per eccellenza dove gli studenti passano gran parte del loro tempo e forse, proprio per questo, più di altri luoghi della città -sono degni di attenzione ed impegno progettuale
The Future of Churches - Identity System for the Valorization of Local Contexts
No full textThe "Future of Churches" has been an international symposium organised by the Department of Architecture of the University of Bologna, the Archidioceses of Bologna, FTER - Theological Faculty of Emilia-Romagna and Centro Studi Ghirardacci. It took place in Bologna between 5th and 7th October 2016 and more than fifty international researchers attended this meeting, under the Carracci's frescos in Palazzo Magnani
Bioreactor landfills: experimental simulations, full scale monitoring and fuzzy modelling
No full textIn the perspective of a sustainable waste management, the amount of biodegradable municipal solid waste (MSW) destined to landfilling should be reduced. In such context, new technologies were developed in recent years with the aim of a more rapid stabilization of the waste, such as pretreatments and bioreactor landfills (BRLs). In the Italian waste management scenario, although solution have been adopted towards waste recycling and recovery, landfilling is still playing an important role. The case study of Cerro Tanaro (CT) landfill depicts a typical situation of an average Italian district without incineration facilities. The MSW disposed in CT landfill is the residual fraction, pretreated through aerobic mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) in order to reduce the biodegradability prior to landfilling. This disposal site, originally built as a conventional landfill, was equipped with a leachate recirculation system. Although the benefit of moisture increase had been previously demonstrated, most of the studies in literature tested the effects on raw MSW, with relatively high organic contents, above 40%. Moreover, the use of existing models for the simulation of landfill behaviour are not suitable for unconventional landfill technologies, unless very high uncertainties are introduced. Based on the case study of CT landfill, the need of novel approaches for the study and the simulation of emerging landfilling solution had been identified. The main aim of this thesis was to offer a novel and simple tool for the prediction of landfill behaviour when unconventional management practises are introduced, regarding both the quality of the MSW landfilled and the operational conditions. Therefore, experimental tests were conducted at lab-scale, the full-scale case study of CT landfill was monitored and a fuzzy-logic (FL) based model was developed for the prediction of landfill gas production. The experimental tests at lab-scale demonstrated that coupling MBT with leachate recirculation could reactivate the biodegradation processes even for low biodegradable waste (LBW), thanks to moisture increase. Although it was difficult to establish a stable methanogenic phase, CH4 production reached 28 NL kg-1 after 442 days of experimentation, that is 85% of its bio-methane potential (BMP). Also leachate quality presented reduced pollution strength with low COD and NH4+ concentrations. The results highlighted the differences between the tested LBW and fresh not pretreated MSW and between the optimized lab-scale and the heterogeneities of the full-scale landfill. Two deterministic models were tested for the estimation of CH4 production from LBW under leachate recirculation: Gompertz kinetic model and BIO-5 model. The production curves obtained by the two models confirmed the limits of deterministic methods and underlined the need of different approaches, able to deal with the uncertainties typical of landfill gas modelling. A FL-based model to predict methane generation in BRLs was proposed. Eleven deterministic inputs (pH, ORP, COD, VFA, NH4+ content, age of the waste, temperature, moisture content, organic fraction, particle size and recirculation flow rate) were identified as antecedent variables. Two outputs, or consequents, were chosen: methane production rate and methane fraction. The fuzzy model was built and tested on the lab-scale experimentation of LBW under leachate recirculation. Additionally, the data of other six lab-scale studies from literature were used to widen the applicability of the proposed model. The proposed fuzzy model was then applied on the full-scale case study of CT landfill. Although this case study was characterized by lack of information from the previous literature, fuzzy modelling represented a valid tool which could be easily adapted to the specific system under study.Another aspect concerning modern landfills has been treated, that is the presence of emerging contaminants among MSW. A FL-based model was d
An image segmentation for the measurement of microstructures in ductile cast iron
No full textThe work is applying an image segmentation to a micrograph which is showing the microscopic structures of a specimen of ductile cast iron. The segmentation allows the measurement of the size of the nodules