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Estimates of genetic parameters and selection for multiple traits in sorghum for forage purposes
No full textSorghum is a versatile crop with potential for forage production, being an alternative for silage production. The improving sorghum crop for forage purposes, it is necessary to know the genetic variation associated with target traits of interest, as well as the potential per se of the parents through estimates of genetic parameters. The objective of this study was to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for agronomic and bromatological traits in sorghum lines for forage purposes, as well as to select promising lines based on multiple traits and obtain genetic gains. A diverse set of 100 sorghum lines was evaluated, including biomass, biomass/bmr, forage, as well as dual-purpose forage/sweet, from Embrapa Maize and Sorghum. The experiments were conducted in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 crop seasons and laid out in 10 × 10 triple lattice design. Data were analyzed using the mixed model approach. The estimated parameters were genetic variance, heritability and selective accuracy on line-mean basis , and genetic correlation between traits. Predictions of the genetic values of the lines were obtained and the FAI-BLUP index was applied for selection based on multiple traits. The measured traits were: green mass productivity (PMV), dry matter percentage (MS), dry mass productivity (PMS), acid detergent fiber (FDA), neutral detergent fiber (FDN), cellulose (CEL), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin (LIG). There was genetic variation among lines for all traits. The PMV trait was highly correlated to PMS. The chemical traits or cell wall components were correlated with each other. The lines selected based on the FAI-BLUP index were: 54, 57, 56, 58, 53, 61, 4, 5, 55, 74, 60, 62, 10, 13 and 9, being the most promising lines for a forage sorghum breeding program. The expected genetic gains with the selection and recombination of these selected lines as parents were significant for all traits.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)O sorgo é uma cultura versátil com potencial para produção de forragem, sendo uma alternativa para produção de silagem. Durante o processo de melhoramento genético de sorgo para fins forrageiro, é preciso conhecer a variação genética existente para as características de interesse, bem como o potencial per se dos genitores por meio de estimativas de parâmetros genéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos de características agronômicas e bromatológicas em linhagens de sorgo para fins forrageiro, bem como selecionar linhagens promissoras com base em múltiplas características para obter ganhos genéticos. Foi avaliado um conjunto diverso de 100 linhagens de sorgo, compreendendo os tipos biomassa, biomassa/bmr, forrageiro, além de duplo propósito forrageiro/sacarino, oriundas da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, em experimentos conduzidos nas safras 2020/2021 e 2021/2022 no delineamento em látice triplo 10 × 10. Os dados foram submetidos à análise via abordagem de modelos mistos. Foram estimados a variância genética, herdabilidade e acurácia seletiva na média de linhagem, correlação genética entre as características. Foram obtidas as predições dos valores genéticos das linhagens e aplicado o índice FAI-BLUP para seleção com base nas múltiplas características. Em ambas as safras, as características mensuradas foram: produtividade de massa verde (PMV), porcentagem de matéria seca (MS), produtividade de massa seca (PMS), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), celulose (CEL), hemicelulose (HEM) e lignina (LIG). Houve variação genética entre as linhagens para todas as características. A característica PMV foi altamente correlacionada à PMS. As características bromatológicas ou componentes da parede celular foram correlacionadas entre si. As linhagens selecionadas com base no índice FAI-BLUP foram: 54, 57, 56, 58, 53, 61, 4, 5, 55, 74, 60, 62, 10, 13 e 9, sendo elas as mais promissoras para uso no programa de melhoramento genético de sorgo forrageiro. Os ganhos genéticos esperados com a seleção e recombinação dessas linhagens como genitoras foram expressivos para todas as características
Queijo tipo coalho com microcápsulas de óleo essencial
No full textA presente invenção trata da elaboração queijo tipo coalho contendo óleo essencial de Cymbopogon flexuosus (capim - limão) microencapsulado. O uso de óleo essencial nos alimentos tem por objetivo controlar o crescimento de micro-organismos e, por consequência, aumentar a vida útil do mesmo. O óleo microencapsulado utilizado preserva os compostos voláteis do óleo essencial mantendo sua ação por maior período além de facilitar sua dissolução na matriz alimentar. 0,25% do óleo essencial foi adicionado ao queijo havendo uma redução, por um período de avaliação de 21 dias, em micro-organismos deteriorantes. Esta invenção torna-se uma alternativa de metodologia aplicada na indústria de alimentos, com ação comprovada contra micro-organismos, podendo ser aplicada como uma tecnologia de conservação potencializadora no mercado devido sua natureza, sendo alegado como um conservante de origem natural
La densidad de flujo de fotones y los tipos de citoquininas influyen en la producción de biomasa y la acumulación de compuestos orgánicos volátiles en Dysphania ambrosioides L en condiciones in vitr
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate different intensity of irradiance and cytokinins concentration which can be influential in
growth and volatile compounds production in vitro for Dysphania ambrosioides L., a plant present in the RENISUS
list for medicinal plants with high interest in research and use. The irradiance intensities of 16.5, 36.6, 47.6 and 73.2 µmol m-2
s-1 in the growth room were evaluated for nodal segments development. Three kinds of cytokinin (BAP, TDZ
and Kinetin) in four different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 ) were studied. Nodal segments were kept in
growth room under 47.6 µmol m-2 s -1 of irradiance and without cytokinin was found suitable for nodal segment growth
in vitro. The number of volatile compounds of this species was not affected by irradiance intensity or cytokinin,
however, the concentrations were affected.No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar diferentes intensidades luminosas e concentrações de citocininas no
crescimento e análise de constituintes voláteis in vitro de Dysphania ambrosioides L., espécie que compõe a lista de
interesse em estudos do governo (RENISUS). As intensidades de irradiância na sala de crescimento foram de 16,5;
36,6; 47,6 e 73,2 µmol m-2s -1 para avaliar o crescimento de segmentos nodais. Três tipos de citocininas (BAP, TDZ e
Cinetina) em quatro diferentes concentrações (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1 ) foram estudadas. Segmentos nodais mantidos
na sala de crescimento com 47,6 µmol m-2 s -1 de irradiância e sem a adição de citocinina proporcionaram melhor
crescimento de plântulas in vitro. O número de constituintes voláteis dessa espécie não foi influenciado pela
intensidade de irradiância e nem pelo uso de citocinina, no entanto, as concentrações dos compostos foram afetadas
Three new cricket species and a new subgenus of Endecous Saussure, 1878 (Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves in northeastern Brazil
No full textThe genus Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae), commonly found in caves, comprises more than 20 species, grouped into three subgenera: E. (Endecous), E. (Pedroecous) and E. (Notendecous). In this study, from differences observed mainly in the male genitalia, we describe a new subgenus—Endecous (Ramalhoecous) n. sp.—as well as three new species—E. (R.) infernalis n. sp., E. (E.) zin n. sp. and E. (E.) zaum n. sp.—all of them collected in caves in the Serra do Ramalho region, Northeastern, Brazil. We also briefly discuss some troglomorphisms verified in one of the new species: E. (R.) infernalis n. sp
Specialty beers market: a comparative study of producers and consumers behavior
No full textPurpose: this study aimed to identify, with producers of specialty beers (SBs), producers’ perceptions
regarding the consumers, besides analyzing the consumer’s behavior of SBs regarding consumers’ preferences, perceptions and determining buying factors.
Design/methodology/approach: in the qualitative analysis, interviews were performed with 14
professionals from the SB industry. In the quantitative study, 301 consumers of SB answered a questionnaire
about preferences, perception and determining buying factors of special beer. Techniques such as content
analysis, frequency analysis, cross-tabulation and hierarchical cluster analysis were used in this study.
Findings: the study demonstrated an important convergence in the perceptions of producers about
consumers and the real behavior of SB consumers, mainly on factors of beer packaging, label, style and price.
Those respondents consuming just SB were characterized by having higher income, frequency and time of beer consumption and willingness to pay more for the product. Cluster analysis allowed to segment respondents into three groups: (1) beginners in the universe of SBs who also drink commercial beers; (2) regular consumers willing to pay more for SB and (3) legitimate consumers of SB averse to commercial beer.
Practical implications: there are practical implications in this study such as new products development
and assertive creation of labels and packaging for special beers.
Social implications: there are social implications in this study such as the convergence between industry
professionals and consumers.
Originality/value: by addressing professionals and consumers, this study generated scientific information
and knowledge to assist the specialty brewing industry in developing new products and defining marketing
strategies as well as creating actions for bringing producers and consumers closer together to benefit both
parties
Produção de espumas biopoliméricas liofilizadas contendo produtos naturais
No full textA presente invenção se refere a uma espuma biopolimérica contendo compostos bioativos. O curativo em si age como uma barreira física contra a entrada de microorganismos, choques, controle de umidade, permeabilidade a gases e temperatura, enquanto que a presença de compostos bioativos irá atuar no combate à infecção, controle da inflamação e orquestrar as etapas de recuperação tecidual. A presente invenção traz ainda a vantagem de não se aderir ao ferimento, dificultando as trocas e trazendo dor ao paciente. Os curativos podem ser preparados em diversas formas e tamanhos, podendo se adequar às necessidades de tratamento. O curativo é preparado a partir de matéria prima barata e através de processos simples de fabricação. Os processos de uso e troca não requerem treinamento especial e podem ser realizados por qualquer indivíduo
Lime incorporation up to 40 cm deep increases root growth and crop yield in highly weathered tropical soils
No full textSoil acidity is still a factor limiting crop yield in tropical soils. Our objective was to evaluate lime incorporation into the 0–40 cm depth as a strategy to improve soil chemical conditions and root growth within the soil profile and crop yield in highly weathered tropical soils. Lime rates ranging from 0 to 15 Mg ha−1 were incorporated into the 0–40 cm depth in three Brazilian oxisols. Soil response to lime rates was evaluated in both 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths at the end of each spring/summer cropping season as were crop yields over three consecutive years after lime incorporation. Maize + Brachiaria ruziziensis roots were evaluated within the 0–60 cm depth three years after liming. Overall, incorporating lime significantly increased Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents, pH, and base saturation (BS) in the 0–40 cm depth, with lime rates ≥ 9 Mg ha−1 having the greatest positive impact. By improving soil chemical conditions, the incorporation of high lime doses (≥9 Mg ha−1) increased crop root growth in the soil profile (up to 60 cm deep) and led to higher rainfed crop yields. The highest annual crop yields were observed under lime rates between 9 and 15 Mg ha−1. Finally, incorporating high doses of lime into the soil profile decreased crop yield losses due to droughts. Combined, these results indicate that deep liming (40 cm) at the correct dose can increase the resilience of agricultural systems to water deficit and the yield potential of annual crops in highly weathered tropical soils
RetroLearn
Get PDFBR 51 2021 003011 7ED01-Ensin Regl Ensino regular (pré-escolar, 1º grau, 2º grau, superior, pós-graduação,
orientação profissional); ED02-Ensin-Supl Ensino supletivo (alfabetização, aprendizagem; comercial, industrial,
agrícola, suprimento: curso de atualização, de aperfeiçoamento,
treinamento)
Interactions between Anura and Diptera in the neotropical region
No full textAlthough the predation of flies by frogs is one of the most deeply internalized ecological relationships in the imagination, little is known about the diversity of trophic relationships between amphibians and dipterans. These trophic interactions include not only dipteran predation by frogs, but also dipteran predators of eggs, embryos, and adult frogs. We reviewed the existing trophic interactions between Anurans and Diptera in the Neotropical region to identify the diversity of trophic interactions between these two groups. The ecological relationships found were hematophagy, myiasis, eggs and embryo predation, necrophagy, phonotaxis by Diptera, and Diptera predation by Anura. Diptera ingestion by frogs is the most widely studied relationship. We tested whether the relevance of Diptera in the diet of anurans can be influenced by the taxonomic suborder to which the organism belongs, its habit (terrestrial, arboreal, and aquatic), its size, and the biome of record. We verified that, among this set of evaluated factors, only the body size of the frogs influenced the importance of dipterans in the diet. Diptera, both adults, and larvae, are important in the diet of smaller frogs. However, for frogs of the Dendrobatidae family, the importance of Diptera in the diet tends to be greater in larger animals, due to the trade-off of the importance of ants in the animal's diet. The anuran family that most use Diptera in its diet is Bufonidae, due to its abundance in environments where flies and mosquitoes are also common. Despite the ingestion of flies and mosquitoes by dipterans being the most studied trophic interaction, we found that the existing relationships between these groups are complex, showing that dipterans exert selective pressure on amphibians, through the consumption of frogs. However, these reports are still based on opportunistic observations, and it is necessary to encourage the publication of more records, in addition to guiding that such records should be as informative as possible.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Embora a predação de moscas por sapos seja uma das relações ecológicas mais profundamente internalizada no imaginário popular, pouco sabemos sobre a diversidade de relações tróficas entre anfíbios e dípteros. Essas interações tróficas incluem não só a predação de dípteros por anuros, mas também dípteros atuando como predadores de ovos, embriões e anuros adultos. Realizamos uma revisão sobre as interações tróficas existentes entre Anuros e Dípteros na região Neotropical para identificar a diversidade de interações tróficas entre esses dois grupos. As relações ecológicas encontradas foram hematofagia, miíases, predação de ovos e embriões, necrofagia, fonotaxia em anuros por dípteros e a predação de dípteros por Anura. A ingestão de dípteros por anuros é a relação mais amplamente estudada. Testamos se a relevância de Diptera na dieta de anuros pode ser influenciada pela subordem taxonômica à qual o organismo pertence, ao seu hábito (terrestre, arborícola e aquático), seu tamanho e bioma de registro. Verificamos que, dentre esse conjunto de fatores avaliados, apenas o tamanho corporal dos sapos exerceu influência na importância de dípteros na dieta. Dípteras, tanto adultos como larvas, são importantes na dieta de sapos de menor tamanho. No entanto, para sapos da família Dendrobatidae, a importância de dípteras na dieta tende a ser maior em animais de maior porte, devido ao balanço da importância de formigas na dieta. A família de anuro que mais utiliza díptera na dieta é Bufonidae, pela sua abundância em ambientes onde moscas e mosquitos também são comuns. Apesar da ingestão de moscas e mosquitos por dípteros ser a interação trófica mais estudada, encontramos que as relações existentes encontradas entre esses grupos são complexas e mostram que dípteros exercem pressão seletiva sobre anfíbios, através do consumo de anuros. No entanto, esses relatos ainda são baseados em observações oportunísticas, sendo necessário incentivar a publicações de mais registros, além de orientar que tais registros sejam o mais informativos possível
Impact of lead (Pb2+) on the growth and biological activity of serratia marcescens selected for wastewater treatment and identification of its zntR gene-a metal efflux regulator
No full textMicroorganisms isolated from contaminated areas play an important role in bioremediation processes. They promote heavy metal removal from the environment by adsorbing ions onto the cell wall surface, accumulating them inside the cells, or reducing, complexing, or precipitating these substances in the environment. Microorganism-based bioremediation processes can be highly efficient, low-cost and have low environmental impact. Thus, the present study aimed to select Pb2+-resistant bacteria and evaluate the growth rate, biological activity, and the presence of genes associated with metal resistance. Serratia marcescens CCMA 1010, that was previously isolated from coffee processing wastewater, was selected since was able to growth in Pb2+ concentrations of up to 4.0 mM. The growth rate and generation time did not differ from those of the control (without Pb2+), although biological activity decreased in the first hour of exposure to these ions and stabilized after this period. The presence of the zntR, zntA and pbrA genes was analysed, and only zntR was detected. The zntR gene encodes a protein responsible for regulating the production of ZntA, a transmembrane protein that facilitates Pb2+ extrusion out of the cell. S. marcescens CCMA 1010 demonstrated a potential for use as bioindicator that has potential to be used in bioremediation processes due to its resistance to high concentrations of Pb2+, ability to grow until 24 h of exposure, and possession of a gene that indicates the existence of mechanisms associated with resistance to lead (Pb2+)