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Segregating Amazonia logging wastes from sustainable forest management improves carbonization in brick kilns
No full textCarbonizing Amazon wood waste with similar physical, chemical, and energy properties improves the quality of the derived charcoals. However, the effect of a quality-based grouping of wood on the productivity of a charcoal production unit remains an unfulfilled gap. This research compares the carbonization indexes of segregated and non-segregated wastes performed in brick kilns of an industrial facility in the Brazilian Amazonia. The wastes came from the Reduced Impact Exploration of twenty-three Amazonia species. Wood's physical properties (moisture, basic and apparent densities, and maximum moisture content) were determined by species. Segregating the wastes into four quality groups provided alternative carbonization, while the randomly mixed wastes underwent carbonization as the usual methodology. Overall productivity and productivity per kiln were explored for the five carbonization models. The research revealed that segregating the logging wastes raised the filled mass and volume of raw material, productivity, and carbonization yield per kiln. It promoted gains ranging from 6.81 (group 3) to 30.23% (group 1) for the charcoal volume and 17.65 (group 4) to 70.59% (group 1) for the charcoal mass per kiln. This study revealed a practical and straightforward solution to improve the sustainability and effectiveness of the wood production chain in the Amazonia region
Ecological co-occurrence and soil physicochemical factors drive the archaeal community in Amazonian soils
No full textWe evaluated the co-occurrence of archaeal taxonomic groups and soil physicochemical characteristics in relation to the structuring of the archaeal community in Amazonian soil under different land use systems. Soil samples were collected in primary forest (PF), secondary forest (SF), agricultural systems (AG) and cattle pastures (PA). Archaeal community composition was revealed based on high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed co-occurrence of archaeal classes, with two groups formed: Thaumarchaeota classes, including South Africa Gold Mine—Group 1 (SAGMG-1), Crenarchaeotic group (SCG) and Crenarchaeota candidate division YNPFFA, with predominance in PF and SF; and Bathyarchaeota_unclassified, Methanomicrobia and Methanobacteria (Euryarchaeota) with the FHMa11 terrestrial group, with predominance in PA. The number of co-occurrences between groups was lower in SF, AG and PA (approximately 30%) than in PF. The qPCR analysis revealed that PF also had the largest number of archaeal representatives. Soil texture may be a limiting factor of interactions between groups since the most representative groups, SAGMG-1 and the SCG (over 20% in all sites), were positively associated with coarse sand, the soil factor most correlated with the groups (33% of the total). These results suggest that interactions between archaeal classes belonging to different phyla may be dependent on the number of individuals in the soil environment. In this context, differences in soil physical structure among the land use systems can reduce the representatives of key groups and consequently the co-occurrence of Archaea, which could compromise the natural dynamics of this complex environment
Starch levels in the diet of lactating goats
No full textStarch energetically thickens diets of lactating animals and starch causes divergent productive responses among ruminant species. The objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary starch levels on the productive, digestive, behavioral and metabolic parameters of lactating goats. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Animal Bioterium for Goats and Sheep at the Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), using 16 lactating Saanen goats, with a body weight of 48.7 ± 4.7 kg, a body condition score of 2 .3 ± 0.6, milk production of 1.9 ± 0.8 kg/day and 116 ± 3 days in lactation, distributed in a replicated Latin square with periods of 21 days and four diets: 17%, 24%, 31 % and 38% starch in dry matter (DM). The animals were fed ad libitum obeying 10% leftovers. The evaluations occurred between d15 and d21 of each experimental period. Data were analyzed with SAS PROC MIXED. The effects of starch levels were submitted to ANOVA and F test with P ≤ 0.05 and PROC REG was used to determine the regression equation with linear, quadratic or cubic effect. DM intake (1.578; 1.687; 1.847 and 2.058 kg/d), protein (CP; 0.250; 0.265; 0.277 and 0.309 kg/d) and starch (ST; 0.318; 0.466; 0.637 and 0.810 kg/d) increased linearly , while consumption of neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 0.651; 0.539; 0.562 and 0.538 kg/d) and physically effective NDF (FDNfe>8; 0.212; 0.161; 0.118 and 0.082 kg/d) decreased (P0.05) DM (73.39%) and ST (97.72%) digestibility, but linearly reduced (P8; 0,212; 0,161; 0,118 e 0,082 kg/d) reduziram (P0,05) a digestibilidade da MS (73,39%) e AM (97,72%), mas reduziu linearmente (P<0,05) a digestibilidade da PB (82,5; 78,59; 78,68 e 76,58%) e FDN (56,36; 48,58; 47,72 e 45,62%) e aumentou linearmente (P<0,05) o amido fecal (2,08; 2,05; 2,63 e 3,25%) e escore de fezes (2,08; 2,18; 2,57 e 3,42). Os animais reduziram linearmente (P<0,05) o tempo em mastigação (694; 627; 579 e 543 min/d) e duração das refeições (69; 56; 48 e 37 min/d), enquanto aumentaram linearmente (P<0,05) o tempo em ócio (588; 631; 645 e 698 min/d) e o número de refeições (4; 5; 5 e 7 refeições/d) com aumento de amido. Houve redução na concentração séricas de colesterol (84,8; 77,0; 74,69 e 73,2 mg/dl) e aumento (P<0,05) de glicose (59,67; 60,43; 62,63 e 63,61 mg/dl) e gama glutamil transferase (52,94; 55,13; 59,5 e 63,73 U/L) pelos teores amiláceos crescentes. A produção de leite (1,717; 1,871; 1,940 e 2,073 kg/d), gordura (0,046; 0,050; 0,052 e 0,056 kg/d) e proteína (0,040; 0,046; 0,046 e 0,050 kg/d) foram aumentadas com incremento de 17 a 38% de amido nas dietas, sem alterar a composição láctea. Cabras em lactação suportam dietas com até 38% de amido, aumentam o consumo de nutrientes, produção de leite e de gordura (kg/d), com efeitos sobre metabólitos energéticos e enzimas hepáticas
Vedação para máscaras de ventilação não invasiva com pressão positiva
No full textProcedimentos como ventilação não invasiva, oxigenoterapia, tratamento com nebulizador e fisioterapia respiratória utilizam uma interface denominada máscara para realizar acoplamento com a face do paciente e o equipamento. Devido diferentes formatos, contornos e proeminências da face de cada paciente, obter um bom encaixe e vedação sem perdas de vazão e pressão, não é tão fácil. A presente invenção assegura uma perfeita vedação entre a máscara e a face do paciente. Ao garantir a perfeita vedação, o paciente irá receber um fluxo com vazão e pressão adequados e controlados. Irá evitar a liberação de gotículas e aerossóis, que são uma fonte de contaminação para os profissionais de saúde ou outros indivíduos sadios próximos. Menores forças compressivas entre a máscara e a face do paciente serão necessárias, visto que se consegue uma vedação facilmente, evitando a formação de lesões cutâneas na região de aplicação da máscara. Será de grande auxilio em mudanças de posições e curtos deslocamentos dos pacientes. A presente invenção também é simples de aplicar, retirar e descartar
Risk perception and food safety in purchasing meals via delivery apps: the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textWith the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions imposed to maintain distancing and contain the spread of the coronavirus, people began to avoid leaving home to buy their food and establishments had to adapt to the new situation. Food safety has become one of the concerns of consumers, considering the perceived risk of contracting the disease. Perceived risk is one of the most important aspects related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as consumption changes adapt according to the risk assessment of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic represented a high-risk scenario involved and, although it was not directly related to food, it resulted in greater care related to food safety. Assuming that these precautions are not restricted to pandemic contexts, this work sought to investigate whether there is a perception of risk on the part of the consumer in relation to potential contamination involving food safety, regardless of the context of COVID-19. To achieve this objective, a conclusive research model was chosen, with a descriptive character and, consequently, a quantitative approach. The temporal cut used was the single transverse one, and the sample was selected from the non-probabilistic snowball method. The data for this investigation were obtained through a structured questionnaire, whose collection instrument was prepared in Google Forms and distributed via social networks. The survey questionnaire consisted of five sections. In total, 395 responses were obtained, considered valid and included in the study. Cluster and discriminant analyzes were applied. The results showed that the respondents of this research, for the most part, are concerned with care related to food safety, that they have and practice correct attitudes in relation to this care, regardless of whether the scenario is pandemic or not. And there is a smaller group of respondents who are not concerned or practice food safety care, regardless of the situation experienced. The perception of risk caused people in this group to intensify food safety care a little more during the pandemic, but as soon as the pandemic subsided, there was also a cooling off in food safety care. Given the above, it is of paramount importance that restaurant entrepreneurs, with government agencies, guide consumers in relation to food safety precautions.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Com o início da pandemia de COVID-19 e as restrições impostas, para manter o distanciamento e conter a propagação do coronavírus, as pessoas começaram a evitar sair de casa para comprar seus alimentos e os estabelecimentos tiveram que se adequar à nova situação. A segurança alimentar se tornou uma das preocupações dos consumidores, considerando o risco percebido de contrair a doença. O risco percebido é um dos aspectos mais importantes relacionados à pandemia de COVID-19, pois as mudanças de consumo se adaptam conforme a avaliação de risco da situação. A pandemia de COVID-19 representou um cenário de alto risco envolvido e, ainda que não tivesse relação direta com os alimentos, resultou em maiores cuidados ligados à segurança alimentar. Partindo do pressuposto de que esses cuidados não se restringem a contextos pandêmicos, este trabalho buscou investigar se há uma percepção de risco por parte do consumidor com relação a potenciais contaminações envolvendo segurança alimentar independente do contexto da COVID-19. Para atingir esse objetivo, optou-se por um modelo conclusivo de pesquisa, de caráter descritivo e, consequente abordagem quantitativa. O corte temporal utilizado foi o transversal único, tendo a amostra sido selecionada a partir do método não probabilístico de snowball. Os dados desta investigação foram obtidos, por meio de um questionário estruturado, cujo instrumento de coleta foi elaborado no Google Forms e distribuído via redes sociais. O questionário de pesquisa foi composto por cinco seções. No total, foram obtidas 395 respostas, consideradas válidas e incluídas no estudo. Foram aplicadas análises de clusters e discriminantes. Os resultados mostraram que os respondentes desta pesquisa, em sua maioria, preocupam-se com os cuidados relacionados à segurança alimentar, os quais possuem e praticam atitudes corretas em relação a esses cuidados, independente do cenário ser pandêmico ou não. E há um grupo menor de respondentes que não se preocupam ou praticam os cuidados de segurança alimentar, independentemente da situação vivida. A percepção de risco fez as pessoas desse grupo intensificarem um pouco mais os cuidados de segurança alimentar, no período da pandemia, mas, logo que houve o arrefecimento da pandemia, houve também o arrefecimento nos cuidados com a segurança alimentar. Perante o exposto, é de suma importância que os empresários de restaurantes, com os órgãos governamentais, orientem os consumidores em relação aos cuidados com a segurança alimentar
Teaching styles in school physical education: translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the self-assessment instrument by Physical education teachers
No full textTeaching Styles Spectrum, introduced by Muska Mosston, provides the teacher with different ways to conduct the class, stimulating various domains of human development. It is extremely helpful that teachers have training in teaching styles so that they can incorporate them into their teaching practice. One of the ways of knowing the styles that teachers have been using is through self-assessment. The Spectrum Inventory Instrument has been used in several countries, mainly to identify teaching styles that have been used in school environments and sports training. Therefore, the present study aims at the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the self-assessment instrument of teaching styles adopted in Physical Education classes at school. The methodological process covered six stages. The first stage was the translation of the instrument from English to Portuguese, carried out by two Brazilian translators, bilingual, independent and proficient in the English language. The second step was the synthesis of the translated versions into a single version, which compared the different translations and assessed their discrepancies. The third stage consisted of the evaluation of the synthesis by experts. Three professors were selected, who, within their specialty, carried out an evaluation considering linguistic elements, teaching styles and school physical education. The fourth verified the understanding of the target audience, based on the evaluation by six Physical Education teachers, who work in Basic Education. At this stage, they were asked to complete the instrument and indicate any doubts, misunderstandings, disagreements, or constraints that could arise. The fifth step comprised the reverse translation of the Portuguese language version back to the source language, in order to verify whether the translated version reflects the content as in the original version. Finally, the last stage consisted of carrying out a pilot study, where the self-assessment of teaching styles instrument, in the Portuguese language version, was applied to a small group of school physical education teachers, technically representative of the target population. The product of this research was the instrument itself, which was translated and cross-culturally adapted. With this, we can qualify the teacher's work to the extent that Physical Education teachers perform self-assessment in order to improve their pedagogical practice. Finally, we contribute to the scientific development of the area by providing an instrument for researchers who seek to investigate teaching styles.O Espectro de Estilos de Ensino, proposto por Muska Mosston, veio para disponibilizar ao professor diferentes maneiras de conduzir a aula, possibilitando uma estimulação aos vários domínios do desenvolvimento humano. É de extrema importância que os professores tenham formação sobre os estilos de ensino para que possam incorporá-los à sua prática docente. Uma das maneiras de conhecer os estilos que os professores vêm utilizando é por via da auto avaliação. O instrumento Spectrum Inventory Instrument vem sendo utilizado em diversos países, principalmente para identificar estilos de ensino que vem sendo utilizados, em ambientes escolares e de treinamento esportivo. Portanto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo a tradução e adaptação transcultural do instrumento de auto avaliação dos estilos de ensino adotados nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar. O processo metodológico percorreu seis etapas. A primeira etapa foi a de tradução do instrumento da língua inglesa para a portuguesa, realizada por duas tradutoras brasileiras, bilíngues, independentes e proficientes na língua inglesa. A segunda etapa foi a síntese das versões traduzidas em uma versão única, que comparou as diferentes traduções e avaliou as suas discrepâncias. Em seguida, a terceira etapa consistiu na avaliação da síntese por experts. Foram selecionados três docentes, que dentro da sua especialidade, realizaram avaliação considerando elementos linguísticos, dos estilos de ensino e Educação Física escolar. A quarta verificou a compreensão pelo público-alvo, a partir da avaliação por seis professores e professoras de Educação Física, que atuam na Educação Básica. Nessa etapa, foi solicitado a eles que realizassem o preenchimento do instrumento e indicassem possíveis dúvidas, más compreensões, discordâncias, constrangimentos que pudessem surgir. A quinta etapa compreendeu a tradução reversa da versão em língua portuguesa de volta para o idioma de origem, no sentido de verificar se a versão traduzida está refletindo o conteúdo conforme a versão original. Por fim, a última etapa, consistiu na realização de um estudo-piloto, onde o instrumento de auto avalição dos estilos de ensino, na versão em língua portuguesa, foi aplicada para um pequeno grupo de professores/as de Educação Física escolar, tecnicamente representantes da população-alvo. O produto gerado por essa pesquisa foi o próprio instrumento traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente. Com isso, podemos qualificar o fazer docente na medida que professores de Educação Física escolar realizem auto avaliação com intuito de melhorar sua prática pedagógica. Por fim, estamos contribuindo para o desenvolvimento científico da área quanto à disponibilização de um instrumento para pesquisadores que buscam investigar sobre os estilos de ensino
“In ovo” nutrition: injection of vitamin C in embryonated broiler eggs - systematic reviews and meta-analysis
No full textArquivo retido, a pedido do autor, até setembro de 2024.The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of in ovo administration of vitamin
C in fertilized eggs on the hatching and post-hatching characteristics of broiler chickens. The
updated search for scientific articles was carried out in January 2023 in different databases
using the keywords (“vitamin C” OR “ascorbic acid” OR ascorbate) AND “in ovo” AND
broiler. Only articles that evaluated the effect of in ovo administration of vitamin C on hatching
parameters and performance parameters in broiler chickens were used. The meta-analysis was
carried out using the random effects model, considering the differences between the groups
inoculated with vitamin C and the control group (only vehicle inoculation), at a 95% confidence
interval. Publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot and Egger's test. The general
analysis showed that the inoculation of vitamin C influenced (P<0.05) the hatchability of the
eggs but did not influenced hatching weight. Increased hatchability was observed (P < 0.05)
only with 6 and 3000 μg/egg of vitamin C and higher hatching weights was only observed (P<
0.05) when 1000 μg/egg of vitamin C were used. The in ovo injection of vitamin C increased
(P< 0.05) weight gain and reduced (P< 0.05) feed conversion. It is concluded that in ovo
administration with vitamin C at a dose of 3000 μg/egg improves the productive indices of
broiler chickens regardless of strain. Saline solution should be used as a diluent, with the
amnion or yolk sac being the recommended sites for the procedure. Vitamin c should be
administered at the embryonic age between 6 and 18 days.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Objetivou-se com esta metanálise avaliar o efeito da administração in ovo de vitamina
C em ovos fertilizados sobre as características de eclosão e pós-eclosão de frangos de corte. A
busca atualizada de artigos científicos foi realizada em Janeiro de 2023 em diferentes bases de
dados utilizando as palavras-chave (“vitamin C” OR “ascorbic acid” OR ascorbate) AND “in
ovo” AND broiler. Apenas artigos que avaliaram o efeito da administração in ovo de vitamina
C sobre os parâmetros de eclosão e desempenho em frangos de corte foram utilizados. A
metanálise foi realizada utilizando o modelo de efeitos aleatórios, considerando as diferenças
entre os grupos inoculados com vitamina C e o grupo controle (inoculação apenas do veículo),
em um intervalo de confiança de 95%. O viés de publicação foi avaliado pelo gráfico de funnel
plot e pelo teste de Egger. A análise geral mostrou que a inoculação de vitamina C influenciou
a eclodibilidade (P 0,05). Aumento de
eclodibilidade foi observado (P < 0,05) apenas com 6 e 3000 μg/ovo de vitamina C e maior
peso à eclosão foi somente observado (P< 0,05) quando 1000 μg/ovo de vitamina C foram
utilizados. A injeção in ovo de vitamina C aumentou (P< 0,05) o ganho de peso e reduziu (P<
0,05) a conversão alimentar. Conclui-se que a administração in ovo com vitamina C na dose de
3000 μg/ovo melhora os índices produtivos de frangos de corte independentemente da
linhagem. A solução salina pode ser utilizada como diluente e a vitamina C pode ser utilizada
no âmnio ou saco vitelino para o procedimento e ser administrada na idade embrionária entre 6
e 18 dias
Health Monitor
Full text linkBR 51 2021 000908 8SD01-Saúde (política de saúde, higiene, saúde física, mental, pública)
Potential use of bio-oleogel as phase change material
No full textTwo bio-oleogels were investigated. These materials were produced with a combination of canola and soybean oil with 4, 6, 8, and 10% of beeswax (by weight). Sensible heat storage capacity, melting parameters, and enthalpies were investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test. An ordinary DSC dynamic test was performed. Cycles of heating and cooling were performed, as well as tests with different heating rates. According to the results, the materials present a melting temperature between −16 to −12 °C and a total latent heat between 22.9 and 367.6 J/g. BC10 (canola oil with 10% beeswax) was the sample with the best performance, with a latent heat of 367.6 J/g and a melting temperature of −13.6 °C, demonstrating its possible use as a phase change material for cold storage
Interactions between intrinsic soil properties and deep tillage in the sustainable management of perennial crops
No full textChoosing the appropriate management system is essential for sustainable agricultural practices. Yet, soil-specific properties at the subsurface are seldom considered when choosing the appropriate tillage system. This study assessed the effect of tillage depth on physical–hydraulic properties in three contrasting soil classes in the establishment of perennial crops. Tillage practices were evaluated in soils with natural dense layers (Inceptisols and Ultisols), and soils with very small and stable granular structure (Oxisols). From least to most aggressive, tested tillage systems included surface furrowing + plant holes (MT); plowing followed by two diskings + furrowing (CT); plowing followed by two diskings + subsoiling (SB); and plowing followed by two diskings + rotary hoeing (DM). Physical indicators with the greatest explanatory power were relative field capacity (RFC, 97%), aeration capacity (AC, 95%), macroporosity (Pmac, 95%), the S index (Sgi, 89%), and bulk density (Bd, 81%). DM caused the greatest modification in soil structure, especially at the surface. It increased values of AC, Pmac, and Sgi, and reduced Bd values. Only deep tillage systems (DM and SB) improved soil structure in deeper layers. Highest Bd values were observed for MT (1.47 g cm−3), and lowest for DM (1.21 g cm−3). Soil classes responded differently to soil tillage systems. DM was most effective in soils with densified layers (Inceptisol and Ultisol). Effects were less expressive in the studied Oxisol. Comparing MT and DM, Pmac increased by more than 100% in the studied Ultisol, but by less than 20% in the Oxisol. No tillage system affected the Oxisol’s soil structure in deeper layers, due to its small and stable granular structure. The choice of optimal tillage strategies should consider soil-specific properties, especially at greater depths, to guarantee more productive and sustainable crop systems